3种大豆产品替代鱼粉对黄鳝生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究3种大豆产品替代鱼粉对黄鳝生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和血清生化指标的影响。将1 800条初始体重为(11.95±0.11) g的黄鳝(Monopterus albus)随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复100条。以含55%鱼粉的黄鳝商品饲料为对照,然后分别用膨化豆粕、膨化豆粕+晶体赖氨酸与蛋氨酸、膨化豆粕+微囊赖氨酸与蛋氨酸、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白替代对照饲料中48%的鱼粉,共配制6种等氮等能的试验饲料。养殖试验持续10周。结果显示:膨化豆粕替代48%的鱼粉后显著降低了黄鳝的增重率、特定生长率以及蛋白质效率(P<0.05);与膨化豆粕相比,膨化豆粕中添加微囊或晶体赖氨酸与蛋氨酸均有使黄鳝增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率升高的趋势,且微囊组比晶体组效果更好,但3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。与膨化豆粕相比,大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白替代48%的鱼粉均显著提高了黄鳝的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率(P<0.05),并且显著降低了饲料系数(P<0.05),其中大豆分离蛋白组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。膨化豆粕替代48%的鱼粉后显著降低了黄鳝肠道脂肪酶活性(P<0.05);与膨化豆粕相比,在膨化豆粕中添加晶体赖氨酸与蛋氨酸,以及大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白均显著升高了黄鳝肠道脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。与膨化豆粕相比,大豆分离蛋白显著降低黄鳝肠道胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但大豆分离蛋白组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。膨化豆粕组黄鳝血清谷丙转氨酶活性较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),而添加晶体或微囊赖氨酸与蛋氨酸的膨化豆粕组和大豆浓缩蛋白组血清谷丙转氨酶活性较膨化豆粕组显著升高(P<0.05),但与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05),而大豆分离蛋白组的血清谷丙转氨酶活性则显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。大豆分离蛋白组血清补体3、补体4、甘油三酯含量以及大豆浓缩蛋白组补体3含量均显著高于膨化豆粕组(P<0.05),大豆浓缩蛋白组和大豆分离蛋白组血清总胆固醇含量显著低于膨化豆粕组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,作为鱼粉的替代物,膨化豆粕中添加微囊赖氨酸与蛋氨酸比添加晶体赖氨酸与蛋氨酸效果更好,但总体效果改善有限;与膨化豆粕相比,大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白能够显著改善黄鳝的生长性能与免疫能力,这2个组黄鳝的生长效果与55%鱼粉对照组相当。
An feeding experiment lasting for 10 weeks was conducted to study the effects of fish meal(FM)replacement by three soybean products on the growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical indices of rice filed eels(Monopterus albus).Dividing 1 800 rice filed eels [initial weight:(11.95±0.11) g] to six groups randomly,each group had three replicates,and each replicate had 100 rice filed eels.Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain extruded soybean meal(ESM),ESM +crystal lysine(Lys) and methionine(Met)(ESMC),ESM+microcapsule Lys and Met(ESMM),soy protein concentrate(SPC) and soy protein isolate(SPI),which replaced 48% FM in the eel commercial feed(control diet,contained 55% FM),respectively.The results showed as follows:the weight gain rate(WGR),special gain rate(SGR) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) were significantly decreased when 48%FM replacement by ESM(P<0.05),and compared with the ESM group,the WGR,SGR and PER in ESMC and ESMM groups had increasing trend,and the ESMM group was more effectively than ESMC groups,however,there were no significant differences among the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with the ESM group,the WGR,SGR and PER of SPC and SPI groups were significantly increased and the feed convention rate(FCR) was significantly decreased(P<0.05).And there were no significant differences between the SPI and control groups(P>0.05).The intestinal lipase activity was significantly decreased when 48% FM replacement by ESM(P<0.05),and which of ESMC,SPC and SPI were significantly higher than ESM(P<0.05).Compared with the ESM group,the intestinal trypsin activity of SPI group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between SPI and control groups(P>0.05).The serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activity in ESM group was significantly reduced compared with control group(P<0.05).The serum GPT activity in ESMC,ESMM and SPC groups was significantly higher than those in ESM group(P<0.05),but had no significant differences compared with the control group(P>0.05),however,the serum GPT activity in SPI group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The serum triglyceride(TG),complement 3(C3) and complement 4(C4) contents in SPI group and the serum C3 content in SPC group were significantly higher than those in ESM group(P<0.05),and the serum total cholesterol(T-CHO) content of the SPC and SPI groups were significantly lower than that in ESM group(P<0.05).In conclusion,as the substitution for FM,the addition of microcapsule Lys and Met in the ESM is more effective than the crystal Lys and Met,but the improvement function of both are limited.However,compared with the ESM,the SPC and SPI can significantly improve the growth and immunity of rice filed eels and reach to the growth effect of 55% FM.
An feeding experiment lasting for 10 weeks was conducted to study the effects of fish meal(FM)replacement by three soybean products on the growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical indices of rice filed eels(Monopterus albus).Dividing 1 800 rice filed eels [initial weight:(11.95±0.11) g] to six groups randomly,each group had three replicates,and each replicate had 100 rice filed eels.Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain extruded soybean meal(ESM),ESM +crystal lysine(Lys) and methionine(Met)(ESMC),ESM+microcapsule Lys and Met(ESMM),soy protein concentrate(SPC) and soy protein isolate(SPI),which replaced 48% FM in the eel commercial feed(control diet,contained 55% FM),respectively.The results showed as follows:the weight gain rate(WGR),special gain rate(SGR) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) were significantly decreased when 48%FM replacement by ESM(P<0.05),and compared with the ESM group,the WGR,SGR and PER in ESMC and ESMM groups had increasing trend,and the ESMM group was more effectively than ESMC groups,however,there were no significant differences among the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with the ESM group,the WGR,SGR and PER of SPC and SPI groups were significantly increased and the feed convention rate(FCR) was significantly decreased(P<0.05).And there were no significant differences between the SPI and control groups(P>0.05).The intestinal lipase activity was significantly decreased when 48% FM replacement by ESM(P<0.05),and which of ESMC,SPC and SPI were significantly higher than ESM(P<0.05).Compared with the ESM group,the intestinal trypsin activity of SPI group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between SPI and control groups(P>0.05).The serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activity in ESM group was significantly reduced compared with control group(P<0.05).The serum GPT activity in ESMC,ESMM and SPC groups was significantly higher than those in ESM group(P<0.05),but had no significant differences compared with the control group(P>0.05),however,the serum GPT activity in SPI group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The serum triglyceride(TG),complement 3(C3) and complement 4(C4) contents in SPI group and the serum C3 content in SPC group were significantly higher than those in ESM group(P<0.05),and the serum total cholesterol(T-CHO) content of the SPC and SPI groups were significantly lower than that in ESM group(P<0.05).In conclusion,as the substitution for FM,the addition of microcapsule Lys and Met in the ESM is more effective than the crystal Lys and Met,but the improvement function of both are limited.However,compared with the ESM,the SPC and SPI can significantly improve the growth and immunity of rice filed eels and reach to the growth effect of 55% FM.
引文
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[2]YAGHOUBI M,MOZANZADEH M T,MARAMMAZIJ G,et al.Dietary replacement of fish meal by soy products(soybean meal and isolated soy protein)in silvery-black porgy juveniles(Sparidentex hasta)[J].Aquaculture,2016,464:50-59.
[3]KOKOU F,SARROPOULOU E,COTOU E,et al.Effects of fish meal replacement by a soybean protein on growth,histology,selected immune and oxidative status markers of gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2015,46(2):115-128.
[4]吕云云,常青,陈四清,等.发酵豆粕对圆斑星鲽生长及消化能力的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(1):10-18.
[5]张俊智,吕富,郇志利,等.膨化豆粕替代不同比例鱼粉对黄鳝生长性能、体成分、肠道消化酶活力及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(11):3567-3576.
[6]宋巧燕,夏先林,熊光源,等.日粮中添加氨基酸对黔东南小香鸡生长和屠宰性能的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(8):143-145.
[7]董志岩,刘景,叶鼎承,等.不同低蛋白日粮添加氨基酸对生长猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].福建农业学报,2009,24(4):341-344.
[8]NIU J,FIGUEIREDO-SILVA C,DONG Y,et al.Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal and of DL-methionine or lysine supplementation in pelleted diets on growth and nutrient utilization of juvenile golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2016,22(3):606-614.
[9]胡亮,薛敏,王彬,等.晶体氨基酸提高混合动物蛋白替代花鲈饲料中鱼粉的潜力[J].水产学报,2011,35(2):268-275.
[10]冷向军,王冠,李小勤,等.饲料中添加晶体或包膜氨基酸对异育银鲫生长和血清游离氨基酸水平的影响[J].水产学报,2007,31(6):743-748.
[11]罗运仙,谢骏,吕利群,等.饲料中补充晶体或微囊赖氨酸对草鱼生长和血浆总游离氨基酸的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(3):466-473.
[12]冷向军,李小勤,陈丙爱,等.鱼类对晶体氨基酸利用的研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(1):119-123.
[13]DENG J M,MAI K S,AI Q H,et al.Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate on feed intake and growth of juvenile Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Aquaculture,2006,258(1/2/3/4):503-513.
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