苜蓿黄酮对奶牛泌乳性能、血清激素和免疫指标的影响
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摘要
为研究苜蓿黄酮对奶牛产奶性能、血清激素和免疫指标的影响,选择4头装有瘘管的头胎荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,每组奶牛饲喂混合日粮中分别添加0g(Ⅰ组)、20g(Ⅱ组)、60g(Ⅲ组)和100g(Ⅳ组)的苜蓿黄酮。试验分4期,每期24d。结果表明:1)奶牛的干物质采食量随苜蓿黄酮含量的升高呈二次曲线变化,其中试验Ⅲ组显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);2)催乳素浓度随苜蓿黄酮含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,以试验Ⅲ组最高。三碘甲状腺原氨酸和四碘甲状腺原氨酸浓度随苜蓿黄酮含量的升高呈线性升高,其中试验Ⅳ组显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);3)试验Ⅱ组的CD 4+数量和CD 4+/CD 8+均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而CD 8+数量则相反;4)试验Ⅱ组淋巴细胞的白介素4基因、干扰素γ基因和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因的相对表达量均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。因此,适量添加苜蓿黄酮能够提高奶牛的采食量,调节机体激素分泌和免疫性能,添加60g的效果较好。
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of flavonoids from alfalfa on the milk production,serum hormone and immune indexes of dairy cows.Four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were taken as study object,and 4×4 Latin square design was conducted.The cows were fed with total mixed ration supplemented with 0,20,60 or 100 g alfalfa flavonoids(AF)at different periods,respectively.The experiment lasted four periods and each period contained 24 days.The results showed that:1)The dry matter intake(DMI)of dairy cows showed quadratic curve change with the increasing dose of AF.DMI was significantly higher in group II than that in groups I and IV(P<0.05);2)Prolactin(PRL)concentration was increased at first and then decreased with the increasing dose of dietary AF supplementation.The concentration of PRL in group III was the highest.The concentrations of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine were increased linearly with increasing dose of dietary AF supplementation and were significantly higher in group IV than that in groups I(P<0.05).3)The count of CD4+and the ratio of CD4+to CD8+in group II were significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05),whereas the count of CD8+showed the opposite result;4)The relative expression of genes of IL-4,IFN-γ and GM-CSF colony stimulating factor in lymphocyte of group II were significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,the moderate supplement of alfalfa flavonoids in diet could improve cow's feed intake and regulate hormone secretion and immune performance of dairy cows.The addition of 60 g AF in the diet of dairy cows was shown to be most beneficial.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of flavonoids from alfalfa on the milk production,serum hormone and immune indexes of dairy cows.Four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were taken as study object,and 4×4 Latin square design was conducted.The cows were fed with total mixed ration supplemented with 0,20,60 or 100 g alfalfa flavonoids(AF)at different periods,respectively.The experiment lasted four periods and each period contained 24 days.The results showed that:1)The dry matter intake(DMI)of dairy cows showed quadratic curve change with the increasing dose of AF.DMI was significantly higher in group II than that in groups I and IV(P<0.05);2)Prolactin(PRL)concentration was increased at first and then decreased with the increasing dose of dietary AF supplementation.The concentration of PRL in group III was the highest.The concentrations of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine were increased linearly with increasing dose of dietary AF supplementation and were significantly higher in group IV than that in groups I(P<0.05).3)The count of CD4+and the ratio of CD4+to CD8+in group II were significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05),whereas the count of CD8+showed the opposite result;4)The relative expression of genes of IL-4,IFN-γ and GM-CSF colony stimulating factor in lymphocyte of group II were significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,the moderate supplement of alfalfa flavonoids in diet could improve cow's feed intake and regulate hormone secretion and immune performance of dairy cows.The addition of 60 g AF in the diet of dairy cows was shown to be most beneficial.
引文
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[4] Neal K,Eun J S,Young A J,Mjoun K,Hall J O.Feeding protein supplements in alfalfa hay-based lactation diets improves nutrient utilization,lactational performance,and feed efficiency of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(12):7716-7728
[5] Wang B,Mao S Y,Yang H J,Wu Y M,Wang J K,Li S L,Shen Z M,Liu J X.Effects of alfalfa and cereal straw as a foragesourceonnutrientdigestibilityandlactation performance in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(12):7706-7715
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[7] Ouyang K H,Xu M S,Jiang Y,Wang W J.Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on broiler performance,meat quality,and gene expression[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2016,96(3):332-341
[8]王梦竹.苜蓿黄酮对绵羊瘤胃发酵、生长性能和血液生化指标的影响研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016Wang M Z.Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on rumen fermentation,growth performance and serum indexes of sheep[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2016(in Chinese)
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[12]占今舜,刘明美,詹康,赵国琦.苜蓿黄酮对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(1):91-95Zhan J S,Liu M M,Zhan K,Zhao G Q.Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on lactoprotein,milk fat and lactose synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cell[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(1):91-95(in Chinese)
[13] Tanaka S,Aso H,Miyazawa K,Nagai Y,Watanabe K,Ohwada S,Kobayashi J,Yamaguchi T.Differential cytokine gene expression in CD4+and CD8+T cell subsets of calves[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2007,118(1-2):84-91.
[14] Gessner D K,Koch C,Romberg F J,Winkler A,Dusel G,Herzog E,Most E,Eder K.The effect of grape seed and grape marc meal extract on milk performance and the expression of genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the liver of dairy cows in early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(12):8856-8868
[15] Winkler A,Gessner D K,Koch C,Romberg F J,Dusel G,Herzog E,Most E,Eder K.Effects of a plant product consisting of green tea and curcuma extract on milk production and the expression of hepatic genes involved in endoplasmic stress response and inflammation in dairy cows[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2015,69(6):425-441
[16] Nielsen B, Hansen H.Effect of grape pomace rich in flavonoids and antioxidants on production parameters in dairy production[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Science,2004,13(4):535-538
[17]高靖,高腾云,王荷香.葛根提取物对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(7):126-128Gao J,Gao T Y,Wang H X.Effects of extracts of Puerariae radix on productive performance and blood biochemical parameters of dairy cow[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2012,39(7):126-128(in Chinese)
[18] Aguiar S C,Cottica S M,Boeing J S,Samensari R B,Santos G T,Visentainer J V,Zeoula L M.Effect of feeding phenolic compounds from propolis extracts to dairy cows on milk production,milk fatty acid composition,and the antioxidant capacity of milk[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,193(7):148-154
[19] Groner B.Transcription factor regulation in mammary epithelial cells[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2002,23(1/2):25-32
[20]赵元,郑红霞,徐颖,林娜.中药植物雌激素的研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2017,42(18):3474-3487Zhao Y,Zheng H X,Xu Y,Lin N.Research progress in phytoestrogens of traditional Chinese medicine[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2017,42(18):3474-3487(in Chinese)
[21]朱见明,李娜,张亚军,李晓东,王成章.苜蓿黄酮的研究进展[J].草业科学,2009,26(9):156-162Zhu J M,Li N,Zhang Y J,Li X D,Wang C Z.The research progress of alfalfa flavonoids[J].Pratacultural Science,2009,26(9):156-162(in Chinese)
[22]刘春龙,任延铭,姜文博,付强,刘娣,富相奎,李忠秋.大豆异黄酮类植物雌激素对奶牛内分泌水平的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2010,30(9):1261-1264,1268Liu C L,Ren Y M,Jiang W B,Fu Q,Liu D,Fu X K,Li Z Q.Effects of soybean isoflavone on incretion parameters of dairy cow[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2010,30(9):1261-1264,1268(in Chinese)
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[24]李琮,陈俊宏,刘亚伟,谭世新,杨开伦.大豆黄酮、芒柄花素及其组合对奶牛产奶性能、血浆和乳中激素含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):309-316Li C,Chen J H,Liu Y W,Tan S X,Yang K L.Effects of daidzein,formononetin and their combination on milk performance,plasma and milk hormone contents of dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(1):309-316(in Chinese)
[25]张颖,姚旋,宋宜云,应浩.甲状腺激素与代谢调控[J].生命科学,2013,25(2):176-183Zhang Y,Yao X,Song Y Y,Ying H.Thyroid hormone and metabolic regulation[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2013,25(2):176-183(in Chinese)
[26]王凯,王洋,孙娟娟,刘振阳,姜义宝,王美静,李敏.苜蓿和红车轴草黄酮提取物对绵羊生长性能和血液相关指标的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(4):704-709Wang K,Wang Y,Sun J J,Liu Z Y,Jiang Y B,Wang M J,Li M.Effects of flavonoids of Medicago sativa Land Trifolium pratense L extraction on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes of sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2017,37(4):704-709(in Chinese)
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