地磁亚暴期间低高度ENA辐射事件的抵近观测与反演
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摘要
2004年11月12日的系列地磁亚暴期间, TC-2卫星上的中性原子成像仪(NUADU)在飞临近地点附近的南、北极上空观测到低高度能量中性原子(ENA)辐射.通过对高时空分辨探测数据的反演,我们首次给出亚暴期间环电流能量离子沉降和注入过程的全球视场展示,展示的时间分辨率高达1min.探测结果表明,观测到的ENA辐射主要来自低高度、高纬极区.由于沉降能量离子沿磁力线运动,在该区域通过电荷交换产生ENA的几率更大.因此,利用低轨道卫星探测高时间和高空间分辨率的ENA成像数据是监测地磁活动期间环电流离子动力学过程演化的最佳方法.
引文
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Christon S P,Williams D J,Mitchell D G,Huang C Y,Frank L A.1991.Spectral characteristics of plasma sheet ion and electron populations during disturbed geomagnetic conditions.J Geophys Res,96:1-22
Fok M C,Moore T E,Greenspan M E.1996.Ring current development during storm main phase.J Geophys Res,101:15311-15322
Fu H S,Khotyaintsev Y V,AndréM,Vaivads A.2011.Fermi and betatron acceleration of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts.Geophys Res Lett,38:L16104
Fu H S,Khotyaintsev Y V,Vaivads A,AndréM,Sergeev VA,Huang SY,Kronberg E A,Daly P W.2012a.Pitch angle distribution of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts:A statistical overview.J Geophys Res,117:A12221
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Fu H S,Cao J B,Zong Q G,Lu H Y,Huang S Y,Wei X H,Ma Y D.2012c.The role of electrons during chorus intensification:Energy source and energy loss.J Atmos Sol-Terr Phys,80:37-47
Liu C M,Fu H S,Xu Y,Cao J B,Liu W L.2017a.Explaining the rolling-pin distribution of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts.Geophys Res Lett,44:6492-6499
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Liu Z X,Escoubet C P,Pu Z,Laakso H,Shi J K,Shen C,Hapgood M.2005.The Double Star mission.Ann Geophys,23:2707-2712
Lu L,McKenna-Lawlor S,Barabash S,Kudela K,Balaz J,Strharsky I,Liu Z X,Shen C,Cao J B,Brandt P C,Tang C L,Dandouras I.2008a.Iterative inversion of global magnetospheric ion distributions using energetic neutral atom(ENA)images recorded by the NUADU/TC2 instrument.Ann Geophys,26:1641-1652
Lu L,Mckenna-Lawlor S,Barabash S,Balaz J,Liu Z X,Shen C,Cao JB,Tang C L.2008b.Iterative inversion of global magnetospheric information from energy neutral atom(ENA)images recorded by the TC-2/NUADU instrument.Sci China Ser E-Technol Sci,51:1731-1744
Lu L,McKenna-Lawlor S,Balaz J,Shi J,Yang C,Luo J.2014.Technical configuration and simulation of the NAIS-H for the MITmission(in Chinese).Chin J Space Sci,34:341-351
Lu L,McKenna-Lawlor S,Cao J B,Kudela K,Balaz J.2016.The causal sequence investigation of the ring current ion-flux increasing and the magnetotail ion injection during a major storm.Sci China Earth Sci,59:129-144
Ma S Y,Yan W N,Xu L.2015.Tomographic reconstruction of storm time RC ion distribution from ENA images on board multiple spacecraft.J Geophys Res-Space Phys,120:9334-9354
McKenna-Lawlor S,Balaz J,Strharsky I,Barabash S,Brinkfeldt K,Li L,Shen C,Shi J,Zong Q,Kudela K,Fu S,Roelof E C,son Brandt PC,Dandouras I.2004.The energetic NeUtral atom detector unit(NUADU)for China’s Double Star Mission and its calibration.Nucl Inst Method Phys Res Sect A,530:311-322
McComas D J,Buzulukova N,Connors M G,Dayeh M A,Goldstein J,Funsten H O,Fuselier S,Schwadron N A,Valek P.2012.Two wideangle imaging neutral-atom spectrometers and interstellar boundary explorer energetic neutral atom imaging of the 5 April 2010substorm.J Geophys Res,117:A03225
Perez J D,Fok M C,Moore T E.2000.Deconvolution of energetic neutral atom images of the earth’s magnetosphere.Space Sci Rev,91:421-436
Perez J D,Kozlowski G,C:son-Brandt P,Mitchell D G,Jahn J M,Pollock C J,Zhang X X.2001.Initial ion equatorial pitch angle distributions from medium and high energy neutral atom images obtained by IMAGE.Geophys Res Lett,28:1155-1158
Roelof E C.1987.Energetic neutral atom image of a storm-time ring current.Geophys Res Lett,14:652-655
Roelof E C,Skinner A J.2000.Extraction of ion distributions from magnetospheric ENA and EUV images.Space Sci Rev,91:437-459
Sauvaud J A,Winckler J R.1980.Dynamics of plasma,energetic particles,and fields near synchronous orbit in the nighttime sector during magnetospheric substorms.J Geophys Res,85:2043-2056
Shen C,Liu Z X.2002.Properties of the neutral energetic atoms emitted from Earth’s ring current region.Phys Plasmas,9:3984-3994
Wang L,Lin R P,Parks G K,Brandt P C,Roelof E C,Sample J G,Eastwood J P,Larson D E,Curtis D W,Luhmann J G.2010.Energetic,~5-90 keV neutral atom imaging of a weak substorm with STEREO/STE.Geophys Res Lett,37:L08107
Xu Y,Fu H S,Norgren C,Hwang K J,Liu C M.2018.Formation of dipolarization fronts after current sheet thinning.Phys Plasmas,25:072123
Zhang X X,Perez J D,Chen T,Wang C,Brandt P C,Mitchell D G,Wang Y L.2005.Proton temperatures in the ring current from ENAimages and in situ measurements.Geophys Res Lett,32:L16101
Brandt P C,Barabash S,Roelof E C,Chase C J.2001.Energetic neutral atom imaging at low altitudes from the Swedish microsatellite Astrid:Extraction of the equatorial ion distribution.J Geophys Res,106:25731-25744
Brandt P C,Demajistre R,Roelof E C,Ohtani S,Mitchell D G,Mende S.2002a.IMAGE/high-energy energetic neutral atom:Global energetic neutral atom imaging of the plasma sheet and ring current during substorms.J Geophys Res,107:SMP 21-1-SMP 21-13
Brandt P C,Roelof E C,Ohtani S,Mitchell D G,Anderson B.2002b.IMAGE/HENA:Pressure and current distributions during the 1October 2002 storm.Adv Space Res,33:719-722
Christon S P,Williams D J,Mitchell D G,Huang C Y,Frank L A.1991.Spectral characteristics of plasma sheet ion and electron populations during disturbed geomagnetic conditions.J Geophys Res,96:1-22
Fok M C,Moore T E,Greenspan M E.1996.Ring current development during storm main phase.J Geophys Res,101:15311-15322
Fu H S,Khotyaintsev Y V,AndréM,Vaivads A.2011.Fermi and betatron acceleration of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts.Geophys Res Lett,38:L16104
Fu H S,Khotyaintsev Y V,Vaivads A,AndréM,Sergeev VA,Huang SY,Kronberg E A,Daly P W.2012a.Pitch angle distribution of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts:A statistical overview.J Geophys Res,117:A12221
Fu H S,Cao J B,Mozer F S,Lu H Y,Yang B.2012b.Chorus intensification in response to interplanetary shock.J Geophys Res,117:A01203
Fu H S,Cao J B,Zong Q G,Lu H Y,Huang S Y,Wei X H,Ma Y D.2012c.The role of electrons during chorus intensification:Energy source and energy loss.J Atmos Sol-Terr Phys,80:37-47
Liu C M,Fu H S,Xu Y,Cao J B,Liu W L.2017a.Explaining the rolling-pin distribution of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts.Geophys Res Lett,44:6492-6499
Liu C M,Fu H S,Cao J B,Xu Y,Yu Y Q,Kronberg E A,Daly P W.2017b.Rapid pitch angle evolution of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts.Geophys Res Lett,44:10116-10124
Liu Z X,Escoubet C P,Pu Z,Laakso H,Shi J K,Shen C,Hapgood M.2005.The Double Star mission.Ann Geophys,23:2707-2712
Lu L,McKenna-Lawlor S,Barabash S,Kudela K,Balaz J,Strharsky I,Liu Z X,Shen C,Cao J B,Brandt P C,Tang C L,Dandouras I.2008a.Iterative inversion of global magnetospheric ion distributions using energetic neutral atom(ENA)images recorded by the NUADU/TC2 instrument.Ann Geophys,26:1641-1652
Lu L,Mckenna-Lawlor S,Barabash S,Balaz J,Liu Z X,Shen C,Cao JB,Tang C L.2008b.Iterative inversion of global magnetospheric information from energy neutral atom(ENA)images recorded by the TC-2/NUADU instrument.Sci China Ser E-Technol Sci,51:1731-1744
Lu L,McKenna-Lawlor S,Balaz J,Shi J,Yang C,Luo J.2014.Technical configuration and simulation of the NAIS-H for the MITmission(in Chinese).Chin J Space Sci,34:341-351
Lu L,McKenna-Lawlor S,Cao J B,Kudela K,Balaz J.2016.The causal sequence investigation of the ring current ion-flux increasing and the magnetotail ion injection during a major storm.Sci China Earth Sci,59:129-144
Ma S Y,Yan W N,Xu L.2015.Tomographic reconstruction of storm time RC ion distribution from ENA images on board multiple spacecraft.J Geophys Res-Space Phys,120:9334-9354
McKenna-Lawlor S,Balaz J,Strharsky I,Barabash S,Brinkfeldt K,Li L,Shen C,Shi J,Zong Q,Kudela K,Fu S,Roelof E C,son Brandt PC,Dandouras I.2004.The energetic NeUtral atom detector unit(NUADU)for China’s Double Star Mission and its calibration.Nucl Inst Method Phys Res Sect A,530:311-322
McComas D J,Buzulukova N,Connors M G,Dayeh M A,Goldstein J,Funsten H O,Fuselier S,Schwadron N A,Valek P.2012.Two wideangle imaging neutral-atom spectrometers and interstellar boundary explorer energetic neutral atom imaging of the 5 April 2010substorm.J Geophys Res,117:A03225
Perez J D,Fok M C,Moore T E.2000.Deconvolution of energetic neutral atom images of the earth’s magnetosphere.Space Sci Rev,91:421-436
Perez J D,Kozlowski G,C:son-Brandt P,Mitchell D G,Jahn J M,Pollock C J,Zhang X X.2001.Initial ion equatorial pitch angle distributions from medium and high energy neutral atom images obtained by IMAGE.Geophys Res Lett,28:1155-1158
Roelof E C.1987.Energetic neutral atom image of a storm-time ring current.Geophys Res Lett,14:652-655
Roelof E C,Skinner A J.2000.Extraction of ion distributions from magnetospheric ENA and EUV images.Space Sci Rev,91:437-459
Sauvaud J A,Winckler J R.1980.Dynamics of plasma,energetic particles,and fields near synchronous orbit in the nighttime sector during magnetospheric substorms.J Geophys Res,85:2043-2056
Shen C,Liu Z X.2002.Properties of the neutral energetic atoms emitted from Earth’s ring current region.Phys Plasmas,9:3984-3994
Wang L,Lin R P,Parks G K,Brandt P C,Roelof E C,Sample J G,Eastwood J P,Larson D E,Curtis D W,Luhmann J G.2010.Energetic,~5-90 keV neutral atom imaging of a weak substorm with STEREO/STE.Geophys Res Lett,37:L08107
Xu Y,Fu H S,Norgren C,Hwang K J,Liu C M.2018.Formation of dipolarization fronts after current sheet thinning.Phys Plasmas,25:072123
Zhang X X,Perez J D,Chen T,Wang C,Brandt P C,Mitchell D G,Wang Y L.2005.Proton temperatures in the ring current from ENAimages and in situ measurements.Geophys Res Lett,32:L16101