多弧离子镀AlTiYN涂层的高温氧化性能及高温摩擦学行为
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摘要
为研究添加0.76%Y元素对AlTiN涂层结构、高温氧化行为及摩擦学性能的影响规律及作用机制,采用多弧离子镀技术于硬质合金(YG3X)表面沉积AlTiN及AlTiYN涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究涂层组织结构;采用纳米压痕仪、划痕仪进行力学性能表征;通过高温氧化试验分析涂层的高温抗氧化性能;利用高温摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:添加Y元素后,AlTiYN涂层发生晶粒细化、组织结构致密化、硬度及韧性增加、结合强度显著提升。AlTiN涂层经900℃/2 h氧化处理后已完全氧化;而AlTiYN涂层经900℃/2 h氧化处理后未完全氧化,氧化层厚度为1.1μm,表明添加Y元素可以增强AlTiN涂层的高温抗氧化能力。此外,AlTiYN涂层在900℃下其摩擦因数及磨损率均低于AlTiN涂层,表明添加Y元素可有效增强涂层高温耐磨损性能。
To investigate the influence of 0.76% Y addition on microstructure and high temperature properties of the AlTiN coatings, the AlTiN and AlTiYN coatings were deposited on cemented carbide(YG3 X) by arc ion plating. The microstructure,mechanical properties, oxidation and wear resistance of the coatings were analyzed by SEM, XRD, nano-indentation, scratch test, annealing and high-temperature tribometer, respectively. The results show that the addition of Y element refines the grain and improves the compactness of the coating. The coating hardness, toughness and adhesion strength increase due to the addition of Y. When the AlTiN coating is completely oxidized at 900 ℃ for 2 h in air, the AlTiYN has an oxide layer of 1.1 μm.Hence, it shows a better oxidation resistance than that of the Y free AlTiN coating. Additionally, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the AlTiYN coating at 900 ℃ are lower than that of the AlTiN coating, which indicates that adding Y element can effectively enhance the high-temperature wear resistance of the coating.
To investigate the influence of 0.76% Y addition on microstructure and high temperature properties of the AlTiN coatings, the AlTiN and AlTiYN coatings were deposited on cemented carbide(YG3 X) by arc ion plating. The microstructure,mechanical properties, oxidation and wear resistance of the coatings were analyzed by SEM, XRD, nano-indentation, scratch test, annealing and high-temperature tribometer, respectively. The results show that the addition of Y element refines the grain and improves the compactness of the coating. The coating hardness, toughness and adhesion strength increase due to the addition of Y. When the AlTiN coating is completely oxidized at 900 ℃ for 2 h in air, the AlTiYN has an oxide layer of 1.1 μm.Hence, it shows a better oxidation resistance than that of the Y free AlTiN coating. Additionally, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the AlTiYN coating at 900 ℃ are lower than that of the AlTiN coating, which indicates that adding Y element can effectively enhance the high-temperature wear resistance of the coating.
引文
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[4]陈德平,张平,冯燕,等.Ti Al N涂层含Al量对力学性能和摩擦性能的影响[J].工具技术,2016,50(3):27-29.CHEN D P,ZHANG P,FENG Y,et al.Impacts of Al content on mechanical and tribology properties of Ti Al N coating[J].Tool Engineering,2016,50(3):27-29(in Chinese).
[5]LEYENS C,PERTER M,HOVSEPIAN P E,et al.Novel coating systems produced by the combined cathodic arc/unbalanced magnetron sputtering for environmental protection of titanium alloys[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2002,155(2):103-111.
[6]HOVSEPIAN P E,LEWIS D B,LUO Q,et al.Ti Al N based nanoscale multilayer coatings designed to adapt their tribological properties at elevated temperature[J].Thin Solid Films,2005,485(1):160-168.
[7]BELOUS V,VASYLIEV V,LUCHANINOV A,et al.Cavitation and abrasion resistance of Ti-Al-Y-N coatings prepared by PⅢ&D technique from filtered vacuum-arc plasma[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2013,17(2):34-39.
[8]BELOUS V,VASYLIEV V,GOLTVYANYTSYA V S,et al.Structural and properties of Ti-Al-Y-N coatings deposited from filtered vacuum-arc plasma[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2011,206(10):1720-1726.
[9]QI Z B,SUN P,ZHU F P,et al.Relationship between tribological properties and oxidation behavior of Ti0.34Al0.66Ncoatings at elevated temperature up to 900℃[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2013,231:267-272.
[10]MOSER M,MAYRHOFER P H.Yttrium-induced structural changes in sputtered Ti1-x Alx N thin films[J].Scripta Materialia,2007,57(4):357-360.
[11]YAMAMOTO K,KUJIME S,FOX-RABINOVICH G.Effect of alloying element(Si,Y)on properties of AIP deposited(Ti,Cr,Al)N coating[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2008,203(5-7):579-583.
[12]CHOI W S,HWANG S K,LEE C M.Microstructure and chemical state of Ti1-x Yx N film deposited by reactive mag-netron sputtering[J].Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A:Vacuum,Surfaces and Films,2000,18(6):2914-2921.
[13]邱家稳,赵栋才.电弧离子镀技术及其在硬质薄膜方面的应用[J].表面技术,2012,41(2):93-100,104.QIU J W,ZHAO D C.A review of vacuum arc deposition and its application in hardness films[J].Surface Technology,2012,41(2):93-100,104(in Chinese).
[14]PEMMASANI S P,VALLETI K,GUNDAKARAM R C,et al.Effect of microstructure and phase constitution on mechanical properties of Ti1-x Alx N coatings[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,313(10):936-946.
[15]MUSIL J,JIROUT M.Toughness of hard nanostructured ceramic thin films[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2007,201(9-11):5148-5152.
[16]CHEN W,LIN Y,ZHENG J,et al.Preparation and characterization of Cr Al N/Ti Al Si N nano-multilayers by cathodic vacuum arc[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2015,265(4):205-211.
[17]范永中,张淑娟,涂金伟,等.Si和Y掺杂对(Ti,Al)N涂层结构和性能的影响[J].金属学报,2012,48(1):99-106.FAN Y Z,ZHANG S J,TU J W,et al.Influence of doping with Si and Y structure and properties of(Ti,Al)Ncoating[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2012,48(1):99-106(in Chinese).
[18]王永康,雷廷权,夏立芳,等.Ti0.5Al0.5N涂层的抗高温氧化行为[J].材料工程,2001,1(1):12-14.WANG Y K,LEI T Q,XIA L F,el al.The oxidation resistant behavior of Ti0.5Al0.5N coating at elevated temperature[J].Journal of Material Engineering,2001,1(1):12-14(in Chinese).
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[21]LIU A,DENG J,CUI H,et al.Friction and wear properties of Ti N,Ti Al N,Al Ti N and Cr Al N PVD nitride coatings[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2012,31:82-88.
[22]WU Z T,SUN P,QI Z B,et al.High temperature oxidation behavior and wear resistance of Ti0.53Al0.47N coating by cathodic arc evaporation[J].Vacuum,2017,135:34-43.