强亲铁元素高温地球化学与天体化学及研究进展
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摘要
强亲铁元素(HSE)包括铂族元素(PGE):Os、Ir、Ru、Rh、Pt、Pd)及Re、Au,它们对金属与硫化物相具有强烈的亲和性,这种独特性质使其成为高温地球化学与天体化学研究中的优秀示踪剂。此外,强亲铁元素内含两种长半衰期(~(187)Re-~(187)Os,t_(1/2)=41.6 Ga;~(190)Pt-~(186)Os,t_(1/2)=469 Ga)和一种短半衰期(~(107)Pd-~(107)Ag,t_(1/2)=6.5 Ma)放射性同位素衰变体系,可以用作地球与天体演化的时钟。在地幔部分熔融或分离结晶期间,PPGE(Rh、Pd、Pt)与Re、Au倾向于进入熔体相,IPGE(Os、Ir、Ru)则更多保留在残余固相。因此,通过地幔包体、地幔构造岩、镁铁质与超镁铁质火山岩的HSE丰度与Os同位素可约束地幔组成和相应的岩浆过程,以及制约地球早期演化过程。随着分析技术的改进,HSE与Re-Pt-Os同位素在行星增生与分异、核幔相互作用、壳幔分异、洋陆转换、克拉通形成与破坏、岩石圈俯冲再循环以及Ni-Cu-PGE矿床成因等方面均显示了巨大的应用潜力。
The highly siderophile elements(HSE) comprise platinum group elements(PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt) and Re, Au. Their unique strong affinity for metallic and sulfide phases has made them outstanding tracers for high-temperature geochemistry and cosmochemistry. In addition, two kinds of long-lived(~(187)Re-~(187)Os, t_(1/2)=41.6 Ga; ~(190)Pt-~(186)Os, t_(1/2)=469 Ga) and one kind of short-lived(~(107)Pd-~(107)Ag, t_(1/2)=6.5 Ma) radioactive isotope decay systems within the HSE can be used as chronometers for evolutions of the earth and planets. During partial melting of mantle or fractional crystallization of magma, Re, Au and PPGE(Rh, Pd, Pt) are normally preferred to be in the melt, while IPGE(Os, Ir, Ru) are preferentially retained in residual solid phases. Therefore, the terrestrial mantle composition and associated magmatic processes and the early evolution processes of the Earth can be constrained by studying the HSE abundances and Os isotopes of mantle xenoliths, mantle tectonites, and mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks. Along with recent advances in analytical technology, the applications of HSE geochemical and Re-Pt-Os isotopic systematics have great potential in, but not limited to, researches on the planetary accretion and differentiation, core-mantle interaction, crust-mantle differentiation, ocean-continent transformation, formation and destruction of craton, recycling of subducted lithosphere, and genesis of the Ni-Cu-PGE ore deposit.
The highly siderophile elements(HSE) comprise platinum group elements(PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt) and Re, Au. Their unique strong affinity for metallic and sulfide phases has made them outstanding tracers for high-temperature geochemistry and cosmochemistry. In addition, two kinds of long-lived(~(187)Re-~(187)Os, t_(1/2)=41.6 Ga; ~(190)Pt-~(186)Os, t_(1/2)=469 Ga) and one kind of short-lived(~(107)Pd-~(107)Ag, t_(1/2)=6.5 Ma) radioactive isotope decay systems within the HSE can be used as chronometers for evolutions of the earth and planets. During partial melting of mantle or fractional crystallization of magma, Re, Au and PPGE(Rh, Pd, Pt) are normally preferred to be in the melt, while IPGE(Os, Ir, Ru) are preferentially retained in residual solid phases. Therefore, the terrestrial mantle composition and associated magmatic processes and the early evolution processes of the Earth can be constrained by studying the HSE abundances and Os isotopes of mantle xenoliths, mantle tectonites, and mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks. Along with recent advances in analytical technology, the applications of HSE geochemical and Re-Pt-Os isotopic systematics have great potential in, but not limited to, researches on the planetary accretion and differentiation, core-mantle interaction, crust-mantle differentiation, ocean-continent transformation, formation and destruction of craton, recycling of subducted lithosphere, and genesis of the Ni-Cu-PGE ore deposit.
引文
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