BL Lac天体PKS 0537-441的光变特性分析
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摘要
收集了耀变体PKS 0537-441近11年红外和光学波段的光变数据,光变曲线表明PKS0537-441天体存在剧烈变化.利用功率谱方法和Jurkevich方法分析了PKS 0537-441各个波段的光变周期,发现其可能存在1 038d和583d的光变周期.若该源的长周期光变与吸积盘有关,则得到不稳定的区域为R=14.9Rg.用DCF方法对这几个波段的相关性进行分析,结果显示光学和红外之间有延时同时表现出很强的相关性,这表明它们的辐射区域不同但辐射过程是一致的.
In this paper,the light curves of the blazar PKS 0537-441 over past 11 years at infrared and optical band variability were collected.The light curve shows that the blazar PKS 0537-441 is a very active variation.The period of the PKS 0537-441 of each band were studied by using the power spectrum estimation method and the Jurkevich method.They revealed the existence of periods of 1 038 days and 583 days in the source variability.Considering that there is a relation between the origin of periodicity and accretion disk,we use this periodicity to obtain the unstable region lying at R=Rg.We used DCF method to analyze the correlation of several band.The results showed a time delay between optical and infrared,but they still have strong correlation.It suggests that their radiation area are different but the radiation process are the same.
In this paper,the light curves of the blazar PKS 0537-441 over past 11 years at infrared and optical band variability were collected.The light curve shows that the blazar PKS 0537-441 is a very active variation.The period of the PKS 0537-441 of each band were studied by using the power spectrum estimation method and the Jurkevich method.They revealed the existence of periods of 1 038 days and 583 days in the source variability.Considering that there is a relation between the origin of periodicity and accretion disk,we use this periodicity to obtain the unstable region lying at R=Rg.We used DCF method to analyze the correlation of several band.The results showed a time delay between optical and infrared,but they still have strong correlation.It suggests that their radiation area are different but the radiation process are the same.
引文
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[15]方婷,梁继华,李文红,等.BL Lac天体3C66A的光变周期分析[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(3):1-4.
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[17]高蓉,杨金雪,李怀珍.BL Lac天体PKS 2155-304光变特性分析[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(1):1-4.
[18]Jurkevich I,Usher P D,Shen B S P.On the light variations of Seyfert galaxy 3C120[J].Astrophysics and Space Science,1971,10(3):402-410.
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[20]李孝攀,易庭丰,张雄.类星体PKS1510—089的X波段光变周期特性研究[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(3):34-37.
[21]KIDGER M,TAKALO L,SILLANPAA A.A new analysis of the 11-year period in OJ287Confirmation of its existence[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,1992,264(1):32-36.
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[23]HUFNAGEL B R,BREGMAN J N.Optical and radio variability in blazars[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1992,386(2):473-484.
[24]Valtaoja E,Tersranta H,Tornikoski M,et al.Radio monitoring of OJ 287and binary black hole models for periodic outbursts[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2000,531(2):744-755.
[25]XIE G Z,LIANG E W,ZHOU S B,et al.Photometry of three gamma-ray-loud quasars and implications for supermassive black holes[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2002,334(2):459-470.
[26]RANI B,WIITA P J,GUPTA A C.Nearly periodic fluctuations in the long-term x-ray light curves of the blazars AO 0235+164and 1ES 2321+419[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2009,696(2):2170-2178.
[27]LAINELA M,TAKALO L O,SILLANPA,et al.The 65day period in 3C66A during bright state[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1999,521(2):561-564.
[28]VILLATA M,RAITERI C M.Helical jets in blazars.I.The case of MKN 501[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,1999,347(1):30-36.
[29]LI H Z,XIE G Z,CHEN L E,et al.The periodicity analysis of the light curve of 3C279and implications for the precession jet[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific,2009,121(885):1172-1179.
[30]WALLINDER F H,KATO S,ABRAMOWICZ M A.Variability of the central region in active galactic nuclei[J].The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review,1992,4(2):79-122.
[31]PIAN E,FALOMO R,TREVES A.Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectroscopy of blazars:emission-line properties and black hole masses[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2005,361(3):919-926.
[2]ACKERMANN M,AJELLO M,ALLAFORT A,et al.The second catalog of active galactic nuclei detected by the Fermi large area telescope[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2011,743(2):217-234.
[3]WAGNER S J,WITZEL A.Intraday variability in quasars and BL Lac objects[J].Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics,1995,33(1):163-198.
[4]AHARONIAN F,AKHPERJANIAN A G,BAZER-BACHI A R,et al.An exceptional very high energy Gamma-Ray flare of PKS 2155-304[J].The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2007,664(2):L71-L74.
[5]SASADA M,UEMURA M,ARAI A,et al.Detection of Polarimetric Variations Associated with the Shortest Time-Scale Variability in S5 0716+714[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2008,60(6):L37-L41.
[6]SAITO S,TANAKA Y T,TAKAHASHI T,et al.Very Rapid High-amplitude Gamma-Ray Variability in Luminous Blazar PKS 1510-089 Studied with Fermi-LAT[J].The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2013,766(1):L11.
[7]IMPIOMBATO D,COVINO S,TREVES A,et al.Optical and infrared photometry of the blazar PKS 0537-441:long and short timescale variability[J].The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2010,192(1):12.
[8]DOLCINI A,COVINO S,TREVES A,et al.Multiband photometry of the blazar PKS 0537-441:a major active state in December 2004-March 2005[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2005,443(3):L33-L36.
[9]EGGEN O J.A very large light pulse from the object identified with PKS 0537-441[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1973,186:L1-L2.
[10]LI X,ZHANG L,LUO Y,et al.Colour variation of the BL Lacertae object PKS 0537-441[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2015,449(3):2750-2758.
[11]ZHANG B K,WANG S,ZHAO X Y,et al.Long-term optical and infrared variability of the BL Lac object PKS 0537-441[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2013,428(4):3630-3635.
[12]D′AMMANDO F,ANTOLINI E,TOSTI G,et al.Long-term monitoring of PKS 0537-441 with Fermi-LAT and multiwavelength observations[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2013,431(3):2481-2492.
[13]SANDRINELLI A,COVINO S,TREVES A.Long and short term variability of seven blazars in six near-infrared/optical bands[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2014,562:A79.
[14]FAN J H,CHENG K S,ZHANG L.Multi-wavelength variation properties ofγ-ray-loud blazars[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2002,54(4):533-539.
[15]方婷,梁继华,李文红,等.BL Lac天体3C66A的光变周期分析[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(3):1-4.
[16]DEEMING T J.Fourier analysis with unequally-spaced data[J].Astrophysics and Space Science,1975,36(1):137-158.
[17]高蓉,杨金雪,李怀珍.BL Lac天体PKS 2155-304光变特性分析[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(1):1-4.
[18]Jurkevich I,Usher P D,Shen B S P.On the light variations of Seyfert galaxy 3C120[J].Astrophysics and Space Science,1971,10(3):402-410.
[19]刘凯博,杨东末,侯德东,等.Jurkevich方法在3C120天体光变周期分析中的应用[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(5):1-5.
[20]李孝攀,易庭丰,张雄.类星体PKS1510—089的X波段光变周期特性研究[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(3):34-37.
[21]KIDGER M,TAKALO L,SILLANPAA A.A new analysis of the 11-year period in OJ287Confirmation of its existence[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,1992,264(1):32-36.
[22]EDELSON R A,KROLIK J H.The discrete correlation function-A new method for analyzing unevenly sampled variability data[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1988,333(134):646-659.
[23]HUFNAGEL B R,BREGMAN J N.Optical and radio variability in blazars[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1992,386(2):473-484.
[24]Valtaoja E,Tersranta H,Tornikoski M,et al.Radio monitoring of OJ 287and binary black hole models for periodic outbursts[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2000,531(2):744-755.
[25]XIE G Z,LIANG E W,ZHOU S B,et al.Photometry of three gamma-ray-loud quasars and implications for supermassive black holes[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2002,334(2):459-470.
[26]RANI B,WIITA P J,GUPTA A C.Nearly periodic fluctuations in the long-term x-ray light curves of the blazars AO 0235+164and 1ES 2321+419[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2009,696(2):2170-2178.
[27]LAINELA M,TAKALO L O,SILLANPA,et al.The 65day period in 3C66A during bright state[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1999,521(2):561-564.
[28]VILLATA M,RAITERI C M.Helical jets in blazars.I.The case of MKN 501[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,1999,347(1):30-36.
[29]LI H Z,XIE G Z,CHEN L E,et al.The periodicity analysis of the light curve of 3C279and implications for the precession jet[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific,2009,121(885):1172-1179.
[30]WALLINDER F H,KATO S,ABRAMOWICZ M A.Variability of the central region in active galactic nuclei[J].The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review,1992,4(2):79-122.
[31]PIAN E,FALOMO R,TREVES A.Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectroscopy of blazars:emission-line properties and black hole masses[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2005,361(3):919-926.