利用海浪噪声自相关实现散射体无源探测
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摘要
提出了一种利用海浪噪声自相关实现散射体无源探测的新方法.将各接收器记录噪声信号的自相关减去所有接收器记录噪声信号自相关的平均值,得到散射信号的到达结构,然后结合基尔霍夫移位算法实现对散射体的探测.与利用背景噪声互相关提取格林函数从而实现散射体探测的方法不同,自相关无需考虑各个接收器之间的大量数据传输及时间同步问题,这为相距较远的多接收器和移动平台目标探测提供了极大的方便.将所提出的方法应用于实验数据中,最终探测结果与实际测量结果相比差别不大,验证了方法的有效性.
When a scatterer is located in a diffuse noise field, time domain Green's function between two different receivers can be extracted from cross-correlation of ambient noise which is recorded by the two receivers so that target detection can be implemented. However, the method based on cross-correlation strongly depends on timing synchronization of each receiver, otherwise there will be a time drift in the cross-correlation result, which can bring error in the positioning detection. Besides, two receivers that are far from each other must communicate with each other to implement crosscorrelation in real-time data processing, but big data transmission is difficult in the ocean. Compared with crosscorrelation, autocorrelation means that each receiver works independently and only the final autocorrelation result is to be transmitted. Actually, the scattered wave of target is always so weak that it is submerged in the autocorrelation result of the ambient noise. In this paper, we propose a method of processing the autocorrelation of the ambient noise. When the averaging noise autocorrelation of all receivers is subtracted from the autocorrelation result of the noise recorded by each receiver, the signalnoise ratio of the scattered wave will be significantly enhanced. With the help of Kirchhoff migration algorithm, detection of a scatterer can be implemented. We have conducted a scatterer passive detection experiment in Shilaoren beach, Qingdao, and accurately detected the position of a polyviny chloride pipe(about 8 m away from the nearest receiver) using only 12 min surf noise data. The experimental result shows that the processing of autocorrelation could replace cross-correlation in passive target detection when the ambient noise is time steady and the statistical characteristics of the background noise at different receivers are the same. Unlike Green's function extracted from cross-correlation of ambient noise, each receiver can work independently without considering the problems of massive data transmission and timing synchronization, which may be suitable for target detection using multi-receivers and mobile platform.
When a scatterer is located in a diffuse noise field, time domain Green's function between two different receivers can be extracted from cross-correlation of ambient noise which is recorded by the two receivers so that target detection can be implemented. However, the method based on cross-correlation strongly depends on timing synchronization of each receiver, otherwise there will be a time drift in the cross-correlation result, which can bring error in the positioning detection. Besides, two receivers that are far from each other must communicate with each other to implement crosscorrelation in real-time data processing, but big data transmission is difficult in the ocean. Compared with crosscorrelation, autocorrelation means that each receiver works independently and only the final autocorrelation result is to be transmitted. Actually, the scattered wave of target is always so weak that it is submerged in the autocorrelation result of the ambient noise. In this paper, we propose a method of processing the autocorrelation of the ambient noise. When the averaging noise autocorrelation of all receivers is subtracted from the autocorrelation result of the noise recorded by each receiver, the signalnoise ratio of the scattered wave will be significantly enhanced. With the help of Kirchhoff migration algorithm, detection of a scatterer can be implemented. We have conducted a scatterer passive detection experiment in Shilaoren beach, Qingdao, and accurately detected the position of a polyviny chloride pipe(about 8 m away from the nearest receiver) using only 12 min surf noise data. The experimental result shows that the processing of autocorrelation could replace cross-correlation in passive target detection when the ambient noise is time steady and the statistical characteristics of the background noise at different receivers are the same. Unlike Green's function extracted from cross-correlation of ambient noise, each receiver can work independently without considering the problems of massive data transmission and timing synchronization, which may be suitable for target detection using multi-receivers and mobile platform.
引文
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[2]Epifanio C L,Potter J R,Deane G B,Readhead M L,Buckingham M J 1999 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.106 3211
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[6]Lani S,Satir S,Gurun G,Sabra K G,Degertekin F L2011 Appl.Phys.Lett.99 224103
[7]Sabra K G,Gerstoft P,Roux P,Kuperman W A,Fehler M C 2005 Geophys.Res.Lett.32 000
[8]Curtis A,Gerstoft P,Sato H,Snieder R,Wapenaar K2006 The Leading Edge 25 1082
[9]Roux P,Kuperman W A,the NPAL group 2004 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.116 1995
[10]Brooks L A,Gerstoft P 2009 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.125723
[11]Snieder R,van Wijk K,Haney M 2008 Phys.Rev.E 78036606
[12]Garnier J,Papanicolaou G 2009 J.Imaging Sci.2 396
[13]Davy M,Fink M,de Rosny J 2013 Phys.Rev.Lett.11020
[14]Li G F,Li J,Gao D Z,Wang N 2016 Acta Acustica 4149(in Chinese)[李国富,黎洁,高大治,王宁2016声学学报41 49]
[15]Li J,Gerstoft P,Gao D Z,Li G F,Wang N 2017 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.141 64
[16]Larose E,Margerin L,Derode A,van Tiggelen B,van Campillo M,Shapiro N M,Paul A,Stehly L,Tanter M2006 Geophysics 71 SI11
[17]Bender C M,Orszag S A 1999 Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers(New York:Springer-Verlag)pp276-280
[18]Glauber R,Schomaker V 1953 Phys.Rev.89 667
[19]Sabra K G,Winkel E S,Bourgoyne D A 2007 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.121 4
[2]Epifanio C L,Potter J R,Deane G B,Readhead M L,Buckingham M J 1999 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.106 3211
[3]Weaver R L,Lobkis O I 2001 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1103011
[4]Larose E,Derode A,Campillo M,Fink M 2004 J.Appl.Phys.95 8393
[5]Larose E,Montaldo G,Derode A,Campillo M 2006Appl.Phys.Lett.88 104103
[6]Lani S,Satir S,Gurun G,Sabra K G,Degertekin F L2011 Appl.Phys.Lett.99 224103
[7]Sabra K G,Gerstoft P,Roux P,Kuperman W A,Fehler M C 2005 Geophys.Res.Lett.32 000
[8]Curtis A,Gerstoft P,Sato H,Snieder R,Wapenaar K2006 The Leading Edge 25 1082
[9]Roux P,Kuperman W A,the NPAL group 2004 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.116 1995
[10]Brooks L A,Gerstoft P 2009 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.125723
[11]Snieder R,van Wijk K,Haney M 2008 Phys.Rev.E 78036606
[12]Garnier J,Papanicolaou G 2009 J.Imaging Sci.2 396
[13]Davy M,Fink M,de Rosny J 2013 Phys.Rev.Lett.11020
[14]Li G F,Li J,Gao D Z,Wang N 2016 Acta Acustica 4149(in Chinese)[李国富,黎洁,高大治,王宁2016声学学报41 49]
[15]Li J,Gerstoft P,Gao D Z,Li G F,Wang N 2017 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.141 64
[16]Larose E,Margerin L,Derode A,van Tiggelen B,van Campillo M,Shapiro N M,Paul A,Stehly L,Tanter M2006 Geophysics 71 SI11
[17]Bender C M,Orszag S A 1999 Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers(New York:Springer-Verlag)pp276-280
[18]Glauber R,Schomaker V 1953 Phys.Rev.89 667
[19]Sabra K G,Winkel E S,Bourgoyne D A 2007 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.121 4