基于历史地震记录分析1906年M_W7.1中国台湾梅山地震
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摘要
以发生地附近村庄命名的1906年梅山MW7.1地震是二十世纪初中国台湾发生的破坏性最大的地震之一。历史文献和前人研究表明,这次地震与梅山断层有关,沿断层有大约12.5km东西走向的右旋地表破裂。然而,相对于地震的大小,地表破裂很短。北南方向的震害特征与地表破裂的走向不一致。这些明显的不一致性引起了对精确震源机制的严重怀疑。我们利用中国台湾台北、台中和台南地震台站获得的1906年梅山地震的原始大森历史记录,进行有效的波形模拟,评估几种不同的地质断层模型。根据这些地质断层模型合成的大森记录清楚地显示了台南台站P波和S波初动的差异,表明震源机制可能不是单纯走滑型。我们利用大森历史记录中观测到的P波和S波初动作为约束,进行网格搜索以获得可能的震源机制。优选的震源机制是北东—南西走向、具有小的右旋分量的倾斜俯冲断层。这种震源机制不仅再现了观测烈度图中显示的一般特征,而且更加符合余震主要位于震中的北部和南部这一显著的空间分布特征。该结果突出了历史记录分析复杂断层构造地震震源机制的重要性。
引文
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Yeh,Y-.T.,M-.T.Hsu,and S-.N.Cheng(1998).Report of the Rearrangement and Analysis of Ten Disastrous Earthquakes Occurring in Taiwan from1898 to 1997(in Chinese).
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Zhao,L.,P.Chen,and T.H.Jordan(2006).Strain Greens tensors,reciprocity,and their applications to seismic source and structure studies,Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.96,no.5,1753-1763.
Amante,C.,and B.W.Eakins(2009).ETOPO1 1Arc-Minute Global Relief Model:Procedures,Data Sources and Analysis,US Department of Commerce,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,National Environmental Satellite,Data,and Information Service,National Geophysical Data Center,Marine Geology and Geophysics Division,Colorado.
Brown,D.,J.Alvarez-Marron,C.Biete,H.Kuo-Chen,G.Camanni,and C.W.Ho(2017).How the structural architecture of the Eurasian continental margin affects the structure,seismicity,and topography of the south-central Taiwan fold-andthrust belt,Tectonics 36,no.7,1275-1294.
Fukuyama,E.,I.Muramatu,and T.Mikumo(2007).Seismic moment of the 1891Nobi,Japan earthquake estimated from historical seismograms,Earth Planets Space 59,no.6,553-559.
Hsieh,M-.C.,L.Zhao,andK-.F.Ma(2014).Efficient waveform inversion for average earthquake rupture in three-dimensional structures,Geophys.JI.nt.198,no.3,1279-1292.
Hsu,M-.T.(1980a).Earthquake Catalog for Taiwan from 1644 to 1979,Center for Earthquake Engineering Research National Taiwan University,77pp.
Hsu,M-.T.(1980b).Destructive earthquakes in Taiwan-From 1644to the present time,Meteorol.Bull.Cent.Weather Bur.26,no.3,17.
Hsu,Y-.J.,S-.B.Yu,M.Simons,L-.C.Kuo,and H-.Y.Chen(2009).Interseismic crustal deformation in the Taiwan plate boundary zone revealed by GPS observations,seismicity,and earthquake focal mechanisms,Tectonophysics 479,no.1,4-18.
Hu,J.C.,S.B.Yu,J.Angelier,and H.T.Chu(2001).Active deformation of Taiwan from GPS measurements and numerical simulations,J.Geophys.Res.106,no.B2,2265-2280.
Kanamori,H.,W.H.K.Lee,andK-.F.Ma(2012).The1909Taipei earthquake-implication for seismic hazard in Taipei,Geophys.J.Int.191,no.1,126-146,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05589.x.
Kondo,K.(1906).Report of the Severe Chiayi Earthquake of March 17,1906,13pp.(in Japanese).
Kuo-Chen,H.,K-.X.Chen,W-.F.Sun,C-.W.Ho,Y-.H.Lee,Z-.K.Guan,C-.C.Kang,andW-.Y.Chang(2017).3Dvs ambient noise tomography in the source region of the 2016 MW6.4 Meinong earthquake in Taiwan,Terr.Atmos.Ocean.Sci.28,no.5,693-701.
Kuo-Chen,H.,F.T.Wu,and S.W.Roecker(2012).Three-dimensional P velocity structures of the lithosphere beneath Taiwan from the analysis of TAIGER and related seismic datasets,J.Geophys.Res.117,no.B6,doi:10.1029/2011JB009108.
Lee,Y.H.,and Y.X.Shih(2011).Coseismic displacement,bilateral rupture,and structural characteristics at the southern end of the 1999Chi-Chi earthquake rupture,central Taiwan,J.Geophys.Res.116,no.B7,doi:10.1029/2010JB007760.
Noguchi,K.,Y.Yamanaka,Y.Tanabe,and T.Iwata(2001).Development of the retrieval system of the historical seismogram catalogue by using web technique,Technical Research Report,Vol.7,Earthquake Research Institute,University of Tokyo,64-71.
Omori,F.(1907).Preliminary note on the Formosa earthquake of March 17,1906,Imp.Earthq.Inves.Comm.Bull.2,53-71.
Sinotech Engineering Consultants,Inc.(1985).Report on regional geological study of Peikang Basement High area and the Meishan Fault,Taisee Site Feasibility Study,160pp.
Taihoku Meteorological Observatory(TMO)(1911).Report of the Weather of Taiwan,93-97(in Japanese).
Taihoku Meteorological Observatory(TMO)(1936).Report of the Severe Hsinchu-Taichung Earthquake of April 21,1935,160pp.
Taiwan Governor-General Office of Civil Affairs(1907).Report of Earthquake Damages of Chiayi,Taipei,428pp.
Wells,D.L.,and K.J.Coppersmith(1994).New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement,Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.84,no.4,974-1002.
Wu,Y-.M.,T-.L.Teng,T-.C.Shin,and N-.C.Hsiao(2003).Relationship between peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and intensity in Taiwan,Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.93,no.1,386-396.
Yeh,Y-.T.,M-.T.Hsu,and S-.N.Cheng(1998).Report of the Rearrangement and Analysis of Ten Disastrous Earthquakes Occurring in Taiwan from1898 to 1997(in Chinese).
Yu,S-.B.,H-.Y.Chen,andL-.C.Kuo(1997).Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area,Tectonophysics 274,no.1,41-59.
Zhao,L.,P.Chen,and T.H.Jordan(2006).Strain Greens tensors,reciprocity,and their applications to seismic source and structure studies,Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.96,no.5,1753-1763.