高负荷厌氧生物反应器的三元酸碱缓冲体系特征与调控
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摘要
高负荷是升流式(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, UASB)、内循环厌氧反应器(internal circulation, IC)和厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)等厌氧生物反应器发展的趋势,也是实现"沼气升级(biogas upgrading)"的难点.挥发性有机酸(volatile fatty acids, VFAs)和溶解性无机碳(total inorganic carbon, TIC)既是厌氧消化必经的中间产物,又与氨氮等弱碱共同影响高负荷厌氧消化过程的pH变化,并决定着沼气中的甲烷含量.VFAs、TIC和氨氮构成的三元pH酸碱缓冲体系是高负荷厌氧消化"沼气升级"的关键操作条件.本文总结了高负荷厌氧消化过程中pH变化规律和影响,针对不同VFAs/氨氮关系的形成机制,分析了高负荷厌氧消化碳酸盐缓冲体系特征及其对沼气CH_4/CO_2构成的影响.以厌氧膜生物反应器为例,讨论了近年来基于pH在线监测和调控方法、理论模型方面的研究进展,同时对未来的重点研究方向提出展望,以期为今后的高负荷AnMBR研发提供参考.
High loading rate is a tendency for anaerobic bioreactor for UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket), IC(internal circulation) and AnMBR(anaerobic membrane bioreactor), and it is also a bottleneck for "biogas upgrading". As intermediate products and buffer capacity contributors, the volatile fatty acids(VFAs) and total inorganic carbon(TIC) are the primary endogenous driving forces for pH evolution for anaerobic bioreactor at high loading rate. Meanwhile, ammonia also plays an important role in pH evolution and methanogenesis pathway. The VFAs, TIC and ammonia form a ternary pH buffer system which determines the "biogas upgrading" for anaerobic bioreactor at high loading rate. The purposes of this paper are to summarize the pH evolution for anaerobic bioreactor at high loading rate, to thoroughly review the ternary pH buffer system driven by VFAs and TIC, the advances of pH based online monitoring and automation control strategies, and to propose the future research directions for anaerobic membrane bioreactor at high loading rate.
High loading rate is a tendency for anaerobic bioreactor for UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket), IC(internal circulation) and AnMBR(anaerobic membrane bioreactor), and it is also a bottleneck for "biogas upgrading". As intermediate products and buffer capacity contributors, the volatile fatty acids(VFAs) and total inorganic carbon(TIC) are the primary endogenous driving forces for pH evolution for anaerobic bioreactor at high loading rate. Meanwhile, ammonia also plays an important role in pH evolution and methanogenesis pathway. The VFAs, TIC and ammonia form a ternary pH buffer system which determines the "biogas upgrading" for anaerobic bioreactor at high loading rate. The purposes of this paper are to summarize the pH evolution for anaerobic bioreactor at high loading rate, to thoroughly review the ternary pH buffer system driven by VFAs and TIC, the advances of pH based online monitoring and automation control strategies, and to propose the future research directions for anaerobic membrane bioreactor at high loading rate.
引文
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Charnier C, Latrille E, Lardon L, et al. 2016. Combining pH and electrical conductivity measurements to improve titrimetric methods to determine ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids and inorganic carbon concentrations[J]. Water Research, 95: 268-279
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Fang H H P, Zhang T. 2015. Anaerobic Biotechnology: Environmental Protection And Resource Recovery[M]. 1st ed. Imperial College Press, London.
Fotidis I A, Treu L, Angelidaki I, 2017. Enriched ammonia-tolerant methanogenic cultures as bioaugmentation inocula in continuous biomethanation processes[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166: 1305-1313
Fotidis I A, Wang H, Fiedel N R, et al. 2014. Bioaugmentation as a solution to increase methane production from an ammonia-rich substrate[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 48: 7669-7676
Hao L P, Lü F, Li L, et al. 2012. Shift of pathways during initiation of thermophilic methanogenesis at different initial pH[J]. Bioresource Technology, 126: 418-424
Hinken L, Huber M, Weichgrebe D, et al. 2014. Modified ADM1 for modelling an UASB reactor laboratory plant treating starch wastewater and synthetic substrate load tests[J]. Water Research, 64: 82-93
Ho L, Ho G. 2012. Mitigating ammonia inhibition of thermophilic anaerobic treatment of digested piggery wastewater: Use of pH reduction, zeolite, biomass and humic acid[J]. Water Research, 46: 4339-4350
Hu D, Su H, Chen Z, et al. 2017. Performance evaluation and microbial community dynamics in a novel AnMBR for treating antibiotic solvent wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 243: 218-227
Huang C, Zhao Y, Li Z, et al. 2015. Enhanced elementary sulfur recovery with sequential sulfate-reducing, denitrifying sulfide-oxidizing processes in a cylindrical-type anaerobic baffled reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 192: 478-485
Huang W, Zhao Z, Yuan T, et al. 2016. Effective ammonia recovery from swine excreta through dry anaerobic digestion followed by ammonia stripping at high total solids content[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 90: 139-147
Khan M A, Ngo H H, Guo W S, et al. 2016. Comparing the value of bioproducts from different stages of anaerobic membrane bioreactors[J]. Bioresource Technology, 214: 816-825
Kougias P G, Treu L, Benavente D P, et al. 2017. Ex-situ biogas upgrading and enhancement in different reactor systems[J]. Bioresource Technology, 225: 429-437
Lay J J, Li Y Y, Noike T. 1998. The influence of pH and ammonia concentration on the methane production in high-solids digestion processes[J]. Water Environmental Research, 70: 1075-1082
Lee D H. 2017. Evaluation the financial feasibility of biogas upgrading to biomethane, heat, CHP and AwR[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42: 27718-27731
Lemmer A, Merkle W, Baer K, et al. 2017. Effects of high-pressure anaerobic digestion up to 30 bar on pH-value, production kinetics and specific methane yield[J]. Energy, 138: 659-667
Li L, Peng X, Wang X, et al. 2018. Anaerobic digestion of food waste: A review focusing on process stability[J]. Bioresource Technology, 248: 20-28
Lima D M F, Rodrigues, J A D et al. 2016. Anaerobic modeling for improving synergy and robustness of a manure co-digestion process[J]. Brazilian Journal Chemistry Engineering, 33: 871-883
Lovato G, Alvarado-Morales M, Kovalovszki A, et al. 2017. In-situ biogas upgrading process: Modeling and simulations aspects[J]. Bioresource Technology, 245: 332-341
Lu X, Zhen G, Ni J, et al. 2017. Sulfidogenesis process to strengthen re-granulation for biodegradation of methanolic wastewater and microorganisms evolution in an UASB reactor[J]. Water Research, 108: 137-150
Luo G, Li J, Li Y, et al. 2016. Performance, kinetics behaviors and microbial community of internal circulation anaerobic reactor treating wastewater with high organic loading rate: Role of external hydraulic circulation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 222: 470-477
Lützh?ft H C H, Boe K, Fang C, et al. 2014. Comparison of VFA titration procedures used for monitoring the biogas process[J]. Water Research, 54: 262-272
Meng F, Chae S R, Drews A, et al. 2009. Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): Membrane fouling and membrane material[J]. Water Research, 43: 1489-1512
Meng X S, Yu D W, Wei Y S, et al. 2018.Endogenous ternary pH buffer system with ammonia-carbonates-VFAs in high solid anaerobic digestion of swine manure: An alternative for alleviating ammonia inhibition? [J]. Process Biochemistry, 69: 144-152
Mortezaei Y, Amani T, Elyasi S, et al. 2018. High-rate anaerobic digestion of yogurt wastewater in a hybrid EGSB and fixed-bed reactor: Optimizing through response surface methodology[J]. Process Safety & Environmental Protection, 113: 255-263
Motteran F, Lima Gomes P C F, Silva E L, et al. 2017. Simultaneous determination of anionic and nonionic surfactants in commercial laundry wastewater and anaerobic fluidized bed reactor effluent by online column-switching liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 580(C): 1120-1128
Mu Z X, He C S, Jiang J K, et al. 2018. A modified two-point titration method for the determination of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic systems[J]. Chemosphere,204: 251-256
Muňoz R, Meier L, Diaz I, et al. 2015. A review on the state-of-the-art of physical/chemical and biological technologies for biogas upgrading[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science & Bio/Technology, 14(4): 727-759
Ng K K, Shi X, Ng H Y. 2015. Evaluation of system performance and microbial communities of abioaugmented anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater[J]. Water Research, 81: 311-324
Nguyen D, Gadhamshetty V, Nitayavardhana S, et al. 2015. Automatic process control in anaerobic digestion technology: A critical review[J]. Bioresource Technology, 193: 513-522
Olsson G. 2012. ICA and me - A subjective review[J]. Water Research, 46: 1585-1624
Poirier S, Desmond-Le Quéméner E, Madigou C, et al. 2016. Anaerobic digestion of biowaste under extreme ammonia concentration: Identification of key microbial phylotypes[J]. Bioresource Technology, 207: 92-101
Ren Y, Yu M, Wu C, et al. 2018. A comprehensive review on food waste anaerobic digestion: Research updates and tendencies[J]. Bioresource Technology, 247: 1069-1076
Rico C, Montes J A, Rico J L. 2017. Evaluation of different types of anaerobic seed sludge for the high rate anaerobic digestion of pig slurry in UASB reactors[J]. Bioresource Technology, 238: 147-156
Salis A, Monduzzi M. 2016. Not only pH. specific buffer effects in biological systems[J]. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 23: 1-9
Selvaraj R, Abdul A N, Vasa N J, et al. 2017. Monitoring of CO2 and CH4 composition in a biogas matrix from different biomass structures. Sensors Actuators[J]. Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering, 249: 378-385
Sprott G D, Patel G B. 1986. Ammonia toxicity in pure cultures of methanogenic bacteria[J]. Systematic & Applied Microbiology, 7(2): 358-363
Stockl A, Lichti F. 2018. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for a real time monitoring of the biogas process[J]. Bioresource Technology, 247: 1249-1252
Strumn W, Morgan J J, 汤鸿霄. 1984. 水化学-天然水体化学平衡导论[M]. 北京:科学出版社
Tian H, Fotidis I A, Mancini E, et al. 2017. Different cultivation methods to acclimatise ammonia-tolerant methanogenic consortia[J]. Bioresource Technology, 232: 1-9
Ullah K I, Hafiz M H. 2017. Biogas as a renewable energy fuel-A review of biogas upgrading, utilisation and storage[J]. Energy Conversion & Management, 150: 277-294
Vasco-Correa J, Khanal S, Manandhar A, et al. 2018. Anaerobic digestion for bioenergy production: Global status, environmental and techno-economic implications, and government policies[J]. Bioresource Technology, 247: 1015-1026
Wang D, Chen Y. 2015. Critical review of the influences of nanoparticles on biological wastewater treatment and sludge digestion[J]. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,36(5): 816-828
Wang H, Fotidis I A, Angelidaki I. 2016. Ammonia-LCFA synergetic co-inhibition effect in manure-based continuous biomethanation process[J]. Bioresource Technology, 209: 282-289
Wang H, Tao Y, Gao D, et al. 2015. Microbial population dynamics in response to increasing loadings of pre-hydrolyzed pig manure in an expanded granular sludge bed[J]. Water Research, 87: 29-37
Wang J, Xu W, Yan J, et al. 2014. Study on the flow characteristics and the wastewater treatment performance in modified internal circulation reactor[J]. Chemosphere, 117: 631-637
Wang W, Xie L, Luo G, et al. 2013. Performance and microbial community analysis of the anaerobic reactor with coke oven gas biomethanation and in situ biogas upgrading[J]. Bioresource Technology, 146: 234-239
Wang Y, Zang B, Gong X, et al. 2017. Effects of pH buffering agents on the anaerobic hydrolysis acidification stage of kitchen waste[J]. Waste Management, 68: 603-609
Ward A J, Bruni E, Lykkegaard M K, et al. 2011. Real time monitoring of a biogas digester with gas chromatography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and membrane-inlet mass spectrometry[J]. Bioresource Technology, 102: 4098-4103
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