污水处理厂出水有机磷污染特征及强化去除
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摘要
针对污水处理厂(wastewater treatment plant,WWTP)有机磷(organic phosphorus,OP)污染现状,采用多种方法表征出水OP污染特性,并开展强化去除研究.结果表明,TP、PO_4~(3-)-P、聚磷酸盐(Poly-P)和OP的出水平均浓度分别为:0. 62、0. 22、0. 03和0. 37 mg·L~(-1),OP占比达59. 7%.工艺全流程分析结果表明,PO_4~(3-)-P、Poly-P和OP在进、出水中的占比依次是54. 4%、6. 3%、39. 3%和16. 9%、14. 5%、68. 6%. OP和溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)存在正相关性,相关系数为0. 65;亲水性和疏水性OP的平均浓度分别是0. 12 mg·L~(-1)和0. 31 mg·L~(-1),疏水性OP的C/P比亲水性低,说明疏水性OP生物利用度(bioavailability,BA)更高,结果表明OP的BA约为20. 0%,OP以难生物利用组分为主.强化去除研究表明活性焦最佳投加量为20 g·L~(-1),去除率为32. 6%; O_3最佳投加量为30 mg·L~(-1),去除率高达79. 1%,高级氧化技术较物理吸附更适合作为深度处理方式.
Given the presence of organic phosphorus(OP) pollution in wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) effluents,contaminant properties and enhanced removal approaches were investigated.The experimental results showed that the respective levels of effluent total phosphorus(TP),PO_4~(3-)-P,Poly-P,and OP were 0.62,0.22,0.03,and 0.37 mg·L~(-1),respectively,for which the ratio of OPreached up to 59.7%.Based on the flow analysis,the proportions of influent PO_4~(3-)-P,Poly-P,and OP changed from 54.4%,6.3%,and 39.3%to 16.9%,14.5%,and 68.6%within the effluent.The OP content was positively correlated with the DOC content(R~2=0.65),and the average contents of hydrophilic and hydrophobic OP were 0.12 mg·L~(-1) and 0.31 mg·L~(-1),respectively.C/P in hydrophobic OP was relatively lower than that in hydrophilic OP,which indicated that the bioavailability of hydrophobic OP was higher.However,the bioavailability of hydrophobic OP was only 20%,which implied that the effluent OP basically consisted of refractory components.A total of 32.6% of OP within the effluent was removed through bioadsorption reactions with activated coke,while the removal of OP was up to 79.1%when 30 mg·L~(-1) of O_3 was applied,which suggested that advanced oxidation was more beneficial for the enhancement of OP removal.
Given the presence of organic phosphorus(OP) pollution in wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) effluents,contaminant properties and enhanced removal approaches were investigated.The experimental results showed that the respective levels of effluent total phosphorus(TP),PO_4~(3-)-P,Poly-P,and OP were 0.62,0.22,0.03,and 0.37 mg·L~(-1),respectively,for which the ratio of OPreached up to 59.7%.Based on the flow analysis,the proportions of influent PO_4~(3-)-P,Poly-P,and OP changed from 54.4%,6.3%,and 39.3%to 16.9%,14.5%,and 68.6%within the effluent.The OP content was positively correlated with the DOC content(R~2=0.65),and the average contents of hydrophilic and hydrophobic OP were 0.12 mg·L~(-1) and 0.31 mg·L~(-1),respectively.C/P in hydrophobic OP was relatively lower than that in hydrophilic OP,which indicated that the bioavailability of hydrophobic OP was higher.However,the bioavailability of hydrophobic OP was only 20%,which implied that the effluent OP basically consisted of refractory components.A total of 32.6% of OP within the effluent was removed through bioadsorption reactions with activated coke,while the removal of OP was up to 79.1%when 30 mg·L~(-1) of O_3 was applied,which suggested that advanced oxidation was more beneficial for the enhancement of OP removal.
引文
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[22] Zhang Y,Xia S B,He F,et al. Phosphate removal of acid wastewater from high-phosphate hematite pickling process by insitu self-formed dynamic membrane technology[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2012,37(1-3):77-83.
[23]李京,李可,赵仕林,等.多元磷酸酯酸洗缓蚀剂的合成与应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):79-81.Li J,Li K,Zhao S L,et al. Synthesis of poly-phosphate acidwashing inhibitor and its application[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(11):79-81.
[24] Gigliotti G,Kaiser K,Guggenberger G,et al. Differences in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter from waste material of different sources[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,36(5):321-329.
[25] Monbet P,Mc Kelvie I D,Saefumillah A,et al. A protocol to assess the enzymatic release of dissolved organic phosphorus species in waters under environmentally relevant conditions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(21):7479-7485.
[26] Cotner J B Jr,Wetzel R G. Uptake of dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds by phytoplankton and bacterioplankton[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1992,37(2):232-243.
[27]王超,冯士龙,王沛芳,等.污泥中磷的形态与生物可利用磷的分布及相互关系[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1593-1597.Wang C,Feng S L,Wang P F,et al. Distribution of phosphorus fractions and bio-available phosphorus forms and their relationships in sewage sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(6):1593-1597.
[28]朱秋实,陈进富,姜海洋,等.臭氧催化氧化机理及其技术研究进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(4):1010-1014,1034.Zhu Q S,Chen J F,Jiang H Y,et al. A review of catalytic ozonation:mechanisms and efficiency[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(4):1010-1014,1034.
[29]张志伟.臭氧氧化深度处理煤化工废水的应用研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Zhang Z W. The research and application of ozonation for the advanced treatment of coal chemical wastewater[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[30]竹湘锋.有机废水的催化臭氧氧化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.Zhu X F. Catalytic ozonation of the organic wastewater[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2005.
[31]郑志洋.城镇污水厂二级生化出水臭氧深度处理技术研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2017.Zheng Z Y. Advanced wastewater treatment technology based on ozone treating urban sewage secondary biochemical effluent[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei University of Science and Technology,2017.
[2]徐伟勇.城市污水处理厂尾水中磷的形态分析及除磷研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2009.Xu W Y. Study on speciation and removal of phosphorus in tail water from municipal wastewater treatment plant[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2009.
[3]丁照兵.某湖泊水环境现状调查及水质保持技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.Ding Z B. Study on the investigation of the water environment actuality and the maintenance technology of the water quality in a certain lake[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University,2008.
[4] Tarayre C,Nguyen H T,Brognaux A,et al. Characterisation of phosphate accumulating organisms and techniques for polyphosphate detection:a review[J]. Sensors,2016,16:797.
[5]周峰.生物脱氮除磷工艺中的化学辅助除磷试验研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2010.Zhou F. Research on the chemical-aid phosphorus removal in biological nutrient removal technology[D]. Ji'nan:Shandong Jianzhu University,2010.
[6] Qin C, Liu H Z, Liu L, et al. Bioavailability and characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorus in wastewater effluents[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,511:47-53.
[7] Liu H Z,Jeong J,Gray H,et al. Algal uptake of hydrophobic and hydrophilic dissolved organic nitrogen in effluent from biological nutrient removal municipal wastewater treatment systems[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(2):713-721.
[8] Li B, Brett M T. The influence of dissolved phosphorus molecular form on recalcitrance and bioavailability[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,182:37-44.
[9] Hong H S,Wang H L,Huang B Q. The availability of dissolved organic phosphorus compounds to marine phytoplankton[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1995,13(2):169-176.
[10] Li W,Hua T,Zhou Q X,et al. Treatment of stabilized landfill leachate by the combined process of coagulation/flocculation and powder activated carbon adsorption[J]. Desalination,2010,264(1-2):56-62.
[11] Dabrowski A,Podko'scielny P,Hubicki Z,et al. Adsorption of phenolic compounds by activated carbon-a critical review[J].Chemosphere,2005,58(8):1049-1070.
[12] Bhatnagar A,Hogland W,Marques M,et al. An overview of the modification methods of activated carbon for its water treatment applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,219:499-511.
[13]薛爽.基于活性炭吸附及组合工艺对洗消废水处理的应用研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.Xue S. Application research of decontamination wastewater treatment based on activated carbon adsorption and Combined Process[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2015.
[14] Shlewit H,Alibrahim M. Extraction of sulfur and vanadium from petroleum coke by means of salt-roasting treatment[J]. Fuel,2006,85(5-6):878-880.
[15]王东,庞之鹏,沈斐,等.活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物的吸附及影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4653-4661.Wang D,Pang Z P,Shen F,et al. Adsorption of refractory organics in landfill leachate by activated coke and its influencing factors[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(12):4653-4661.
[16]宋淑静,刘雪娟.污水中残留有机磷的深度氧化及分析测定[A].第七届全国磷化学化工暨第四届海峡化学生物学、生物技术与医药发展讨论会会论文集[C].郑州:中国化学会,2006.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002. 120-246.
[18] Tarayre C,De Clercq L,Charlier R,et al. New perspectives for the design of sustainable bioprocesses for phosphorus recovery from waste[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,206:264-274.
[19]杨柳,唐振,郝原芳.化学连续提取法对太湖沉积物中磷的各种形态测定[J].世界地质,2013,32(3):634-639.Yang L,Tang Z,Hao Y F. Morphometry of phosphorus in the lake sediments of Taihu by chemical sequential extraction method[J]. World Geology,2013,32(3):634-639.
[20]高洋,程洁红.太湖流域污水处理厂氮磷去除现状及效能的研究[J].江苏理工学院学报,2016,22(2):55-60.Gao Y,Cheng J H,. Characteristics of influent water quality of wastewater treatment plants and its effect on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University of Technology,2016,22(2):55-60.
[21]徐瑛,徐祥,陈宇,等.无锡主城区污水厂升级改造脱氮除磷与污泥产量分析[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(10):32-35.Xu Y, Xu X, Chen Y, et al. Analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and sludge yield in upgrading and reconstruction of WWTPs in Wuxi main city zone[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(10):32-35.
[22] Zhang Y,Xia S B,He F,et al. Phosphate removal of acid wastewater from high-phosphate hematite pickling process by insitu self-formed dynamic membrane technology[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2012,37(1-3):77-83.
[23]李京,李可,赵仕林,等.多元磷酸酯酸洗缓蚀剂的合成与应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):79-81.Li J,Li K,Zhao S L,et al. Synthesis of poly-phosphate acidwashing inhibitor and its application[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(11):79-81.
[24] Gigliotti G,Kaiser K,Guggenberger G,et al. Differences in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter from waste material of different sources[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,36(5):321-329.
[25] Monbet P,Mc Kelvie I D,Saefumillah A,et al. A protocol to assess the enzymatic release of dissolved organic phosphorus species in waters under environmentally relevant conditions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(21):7479-7485.
[26] Cotner J B Jr,Wetzel R G. Uptake of dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds by phytoplankton and bacterioplankton[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1992,37(2):232-243.
[27]王超,冯士龙,王沛芳,等.污泥中磷的形态与生物可利用磷的分布及相互关系[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1593-1597.Wang C,Feng S L,Wang P F,et al. Distribution of phosphorus fractions and bio-available phosphorus forms and their relationships in sewage sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(6):1593-1597.
[28]朱秋实,陈进富,姜海洋,等.臭氧催化氧化机理及其技术研究进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(4):1010-1014,1034.Zhu Q S,Chen J F,Jiang H Y,et al. A review of catalytic ozonation:mechanisms and efficiency[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(4):1010-1014,1034.
[29]张志伟.臭氧氧化深度处理煤化工废水的应用研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Zhang Z W. The research and application of ozonation for the advanced treatment of coal chemical wastewater[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[30]竹湘锋.有机废水的催化臭氧氧化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.Zhu X F. Catalytic ozonation of the organic wastewater[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2005.
[31]郑志洋.城镇污水厂二级生化出水臭氧深度处理技术研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2017.Zheng Z Y. Advanced wastewater treatment technology based on ozone treating urban sewage secondary biochemical effluent[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei University of Science and Technology,2017.