膨润土常压低温焙烧法制备活性白土及其性能
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摘要
以江西某地钙基膨润土为原料,浓硫酸为活化助剂,常压下低温焙烧活化制备高效活性白土,通过X射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱等分析手段考察了不同浓硫酸/膨润土质量比、焙烧温度及焙烧时间对活化产物物相结构、脱色率及活性度的影响。结果表明:常压低温焙烧法中焙烧温度是影响活性白土性能的首要因素;在优化条件为浓硫酸/膨润土质量比25%、焙烧温度200℃,焙烧时间40 min时,制备得到的活性白土脱色率为99.22%,活性度为232 mmol/kg,游离酸含量为0.19%,其他性能也均满足我国行业标准各类型活性白土一等品要求。
Activated clay was prepared via low-temperature calcination at atmospheric pressure with Ca-bentonite as a raw material and sulfuric acid as an activator.The influences of mass ratio of sulfuric acid/bentonite, calcination temperature and calcination time on the phase structure, decolorization rate and activity of the activated products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible adsorption spectroscopy and other analytical methods.The results show that the calcination temperature is a dominant factor affecting the performance of activated clay in this method.An activated clay with the decolorization rate of 99.22%, the activity degree of 232 mmol/kg and the free acid content of 0.19% can be obtained under the optimized conditions(i.e., mass ratio of sulfuric acid/bentonite of25%, calcination temperature of 200 ℃, and calcination time of 40 min).Besides, this activated clay can be used as a first-class activated clay to meet the industrial requirements.
Activated clay was prepared via low-temperature calcination at atmospheric pressure with Ca-bentonite as a raw material and sulfuric acid as an activator.The influences of mass ratio of sulfuric acid/bentonite, calcination temperature and calcination time on the phase structure, decolorization rate and activity of the activated products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible adsorption spectroscopy and other analytical methods.The results show that the calcination temperature is a dominant factor affecting the performance of activated clay in this method.An activated clay with the decolorization rate of 99.22%, the activity degree of 232 mmol/kg and the free acid content of 0.19% can be obtained under the optimized conditions(i.e., mass ratio of sulfuric acid/bentonite of25%, calcination temperature of 200 ℃, and calcination time of 40 min).Besides, this activated clay can be used as a first-class activated clay to meet the industrial requirements.
引文
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[20]BABAKI H,SALEM A,JAFARIZAD A.Kinetic model for the isothermal activation of bentonite by sulfuric acid[J].Mater Chem Phys,2008,108(2/3):263-268.
[2]WENG C H,PAN Y F.Adsorption of a cationic dye(methylene blue)onto spent activated clay[J].J Hazard Mater,2007,144(112):355-362.
[3]FOLETTO E L,COLAZZO G C,VOLZONE C,et al.Sunflower oil bleaching by adsorption onto acid-activated bentonite[J].Braz J Chem Eng,2011,28(1):169-174.
[4]CHEN T C,SAPITAN J F,Jr F C B,et al.Using activated clay for adsorption of sulfone compounds in diesel[J].J Clean Prod,2016,124:378-382.
[5]WU S X,HUANG S S,TAN C B,et al.Application of spent bleaching clay for producing environmental brick[J].Appl Mech Mater,2012,204/208:3668-3671.
[6]WANG X Q,ZHANG J Q,LIU B H,et al.Spent bleaching clay(SBC)from oil refining as a substrate for the spawn production of shiitake mushroom(Lentinula edodes)[J].Afr J Biotechnol,2015,9(53):9007-9011.
[7]SALEM S,SALEM A,BABAEI A A.Preparation and characterization of nano porous bentonite for regeneration of semi-treated waste engine oil:Applied aspects for enhanced recovery[J].Chem Eng J,2015,260(5):368-376.
[8]TAHA K K,SULEIMAN T M,MUSA M A.Performance of Sudanese activated bentonite in bleaching cottonseed oil[J].J Bangladesh Chem Soc,2011,24(2):191-201.
[9]李彩霞,程明,满东,等.北票某膨润土制备活性白土研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(2):426-430.LI Caixia,CHENG Ming,MAN Dong,et al.Study on activated clay preparation by Beipiao[J].Bull Chin Ceram Soc,2014,33(2):426-430.
[10]贾茂荣.福建某地膨润土制备活性白土试验研究[J].非金属矿,2014,37(3):20-21.JIA Maorong.Non-Met Mines(in Chinese),2014,37(3):20-21.
[11]周婷婷.膨润土提纯、活化与联产白炭黑工艺技术研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2008.ZHOU Tingting.The research on the technology of purifying,activating bentonite and producing white carbon(in Chinese,dissertation)Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2008.
[12]KOOLI F,LIU Y,AL-FAZE R,et al.Effect of acid activation of Saudi local clay mineral on removal properties of basic blue 41 from an aqueous solution[J].Appl Clay Sci,2015,116/117(3):23-30.
[13]HILL D,FABRY C P,BELLO J.Processes for producing a bleaching clay product and bleaching clay products produced by those processes[P].US,US6489260.2002-03-12.
[14]刘健,任瑞晨,李彩霞.辽西膨润土提纯及活性白土制备研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2012,31(1):179-182.LIU Jian,REN Ruichen,LI Caixia.Bull Chin Ceram Soc(in Chinese),2012,31(1):179-182.
[15]黄彦林,李英堂,吴彬.信阳上天梯膨润土矿工艺矿物学特征研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2000,19(1):88-96.HUANG Yanlin,LI Yingtang,WU Bin.Acta Petrrol Et Mineral(in Chinese),2000,19(1):88-96.
[16]AJEMBA R O.Alteration of bentonite from Ughelli by nitric acid activation:Kinetics and physicochemical properties[J].Indian J Sci Technol,2013,6(2):4076-4083.
[17]LJILJANA R,TATJANA N,SRDJAN P,et al.Fractal analysis of physical adsorption on surfaces of acid activated bentonites from Serbia[J].Chem Ind Chem Eng Q,2008,14(4):227-229.
[18]HE H,GUO J,LIN H,et al.New evidence for microstructural evolution model of acid-activated montmorillonite[J].Chin Sci Bull,2002,47(9):761-765.
[19]HUSSIN F,AROUA M K,WAN M.Textural characteristics,surface chemistry and activation of bleaching earth:A review[J].Chem Eng J,2011,170(1):90-106.
[20]BABAKI H,SALEM A,JAFARIZAD A.Kinetic model for the isothermal activation of bentonite by sulfuric acid[J].Mater Chem Phys,2008,108(2/3):263-268.