大气颗粒物水溶性重金属元素研究进展
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摘要
以As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Mn、V、Pb和Zn为研究对象,总结历史及自身研究结果,从大气颗粒物水溶性重金属的分析方法、浓度水平、化合物形态、水溶性及其影响因素等方面进行分析.结果表明,发展中国家大气颗粒物水溶性重金属浓度较高,国内水溶性Zn和As污染严重,特别是As已超过国家空气质量标准中的浓度限值;大气中Zn、Pb、Cd、As和V的浓度和水溶性都较高(37.69%—58.65%),应受到广泛关注;大气颗粒物中重金属的水溶性主要受颗粒物粒径大小、酸碱性、重金属与颗粒物结合方式、金属化合物形态和来源的影响.研究结果可以为大气重金属污染控制和人体健康影响评估的开展提供理论基础.
The analytical methods, characterization, speciation, water solubility and influence factors on the solubility of water-soluble heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matters including As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Mn,V,Pb and Zn are summarized. The results showed that the levels of water-soluble heavy metals in the developing countries are higher than other countries. Atmospheric water-soluble Zn and As contents are high in China,especially water-soluble As,which is over the limit of the national air quality standards. The total concentration and water-solubility( 37. 69% —58. 65%) of Zn,Pb,Cd,As and V in atmospheric particle are relatively high,so more attention should be paid to these heavy metals. Influence factors of the water solubility of heavy metals,such as particle size,acid-base properties of the particles,binding modes of metal element and particle,chemical speciation and sources of the metal elements,are also discussed in this paper. The results may provide a theoretical basis for atmospheric heavy metal pollution control and human health impact assessment.
The analytical methods, characterization, speciation, water solubility and influence factors on the solubility of water-soluble heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matters including As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Mn,V,Pb and Zn are summarized. The results showed that the levels of water-soluble heavy metals in the developing countries are higher than other countries. Atmospheric water-soluble Zn and As contents are high in China,especially water-soluble As,which is over the limit of the national air quality standards. The total concentration and water-solubility( 37. 69% —58. 65%) of Zn,Pb,Cd,As and V in atmospheric particle are relatively high,so more attention should be paid to these heavy metals. Influence factors of the water solubility of heavy metals,such as particle size,acid-base properties of the particles,binding modes of metal element and particle,chemical speciation and sources of the metal elements,are also discussed in this paper. The results may provide a theoretical basis for atmospheric heavy metal pollution control and human health impact assessment.
引文
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[19]Hedberg E,Gidhagen L,Johansson C.Source contributions to PM10and arsenic concentrations in Central Chile using positive matrix factorization[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(3):549-561
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[28]邵龙义,沈蓉蓉,王静,等.澳门可吸入颗粒物的氧化性损伤能力及原因探讨[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,56(6):1037-1043
[29]赵金平,谭吉华,毕新慧,等.广州市灰霾期间大气颗粒物中无机元素的质量浓度[J].环境化学,2008,27(3):322-326
[30]涛余,程新彬,杨忠芳,等.辽宁省典型地区大气颗粒物重金属元素分布特征及对土地质量影响研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):146-154
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[32]Mukhtar A,Limbeck A.Recent developments in assessment of bio-accessible trace metal fractions in airborne particulate matter:A review[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2013,774:11-25
[33]Schneidemesser E,Stone E A,Quraishi T A,et al.Toxic metals in the atmosphere in Lahore,Pakistan[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(7):1640-1648
[34]Espinosa A J,RodríGuez M,Rosa F J,et al.A chemical speciation of trace metals for fine urban particles[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(5):773-780
[35]Guieu C,Chester R,Nimmo M,et al.Atmospheric input of dissolved and particulate metals to the northwestern Mediterranean[J].Deep Sea Research PartⅡ:Topical Studies in Oceanography,1997,44(3):655-674
[36]Sandron V,Migon C.Atmospheric deposition of metallic pollutants over the Ligurian Sea labile and residual inputs[J].Chemosphere,2002,47:753-764
[37]Herut B,Nimmo M,Medway A,et al.Dry atmospheric inputs of trace metals at the Mediterranean coast of Israel(SE Mediterranean)sources and fluxes[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35:803-813
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[39]Svenes K,Andersen I.Distribution of nickel in lungs from former nickel workers[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,1998,71(6):424-428
[40]Praharaja T,Powellb M A,Hartb B R,et al.Leachability of elements from sub-bituminous coal fly ash from India[J].Environment International,2002,27:609-615
[41]Vassilev S V,Menendez R,Somoano M D,et al.Phase-mineral and chemical composition of coal fly ashes as a basis for their multicomponent utilization.2.Characterization of ceramic cenosphere and salt concentrates[J].Fuel,2004,83(4/5):585-603
[42]Liu A,Wong J L.Chemical speciation of nickel in fly ash by phase separation and carbon paste electrode voltammetry[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2000,74(1):25-35
[43]Vitolo S,Seggiani M,Falaschi F.Recovery of vanadium from a previously burned heavy oil fly ash[J].Hydrometallurgy,2001,62(3):145-150
[44]王晴晴.北京市冬季PM2.5中水溶性重金属污染特征[D].北京:中国科学院大学硕士学位论文,2013
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[46]Castillo M E,Ortiz M,Ruiz A,et al.Chemical characterization of extractable water soluble matter associated with PM10from Mexico City during 2000[J].Chemosphere,2005,61(5):701-710
[47]段国霞,周变红.西安市南郊冬季PM2.5中重金属污染与危害分析[J].农业灾害研究,2012,2(2):27-29
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