盐度对中试厌氧氨氧化脱氮特性的影响及其恢复动力学
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摘要
采用中试ASBR反应器(530 L),以逐步提高Cl~-浓度的方式考察了厌氧氨氧化菌(An AOB)处理高盐废水的脱氮特性.结果表明,采用逐步盐度驯化的方式,An AOB可适应高盐度(Cl~-浓度10 000 mg·L~(-1))环境进行高效脱氮(TN去除率高达92. 3%).其中,在Cl~-浓度6 000 mg·L~(-1)和10 000 mg·L~(-1)两个梯度内,反应器脱氮性能受到了较大影响,但随着驯化过程的持续进行可逐步恢复.修正的Boltzmann模型能较为准确地拟合An AOB受到不同盐度抑制后的活性恢复过程,相关系数R~2均在0. 96以上.得到的Cl~-浓度6 000 mg·L~(-1)和10 000 mg·L~(-1)时的恢复中间值tc分别为28. 765 d和44. 495 d,NRRmax分别为0. 145 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和0. 212 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),NRRmin分别为0. 021 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和0. 085 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).高盐度驯化后,厌氧氨氧化菌仍主要为Candidatus Brocadia和Candidatus Jettenia(其丰度分别是14. 76%和2. 7%),且污泥颗粒化程度和污泥密度均有不同程度的提高,污泥呈红褐色.
The denitrification characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria( An AOB) treating high salinity wastewater were investigated in an pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor( ASBR,530 L) by gradually increasing the Cl~-concentration. The results showed that An AOB can adapt to the high salinity( Cl~-concentration of 10 000 mg·L~(-1)) environment for high-efficiency denitrification by means of gradual salinity acclimation and total nitrogen( TN) removal rate of up to 92. 3%. In particular,the denitrification performance was influenced by two gradients of Cl~-concentrations,namely 6 000 mg·L~(-1) and 10 000 mg·L~(-1),but it could be gradually recovered as the acclimatization process continued. The modified Boltzmann model accurately fit the activity recovery process of An AOB after being inhibited by the different salinities,and the correlation coefficient R~2 was above 0. 96. The fitted recovered median values tcfor Cl~-concentrations of 6 000 mg·L~(-1) and 10 000 mg·L~(-1) were 28. 765 d and 44. 495 d. NRRmaxfor these concentrations was 0. 145 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1) and 0. 212 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),and NRRminwas 0. 021 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1) and 0. 085 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),respectively. After salinity acclimation,the dominant bacteria of An AOB were Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Jettenia( the abundances were 14. 76% and 2. 7%,respectively),the granulation degree and sludge density increased to varying degrees,and the sludge color was reddish brown.
The denitrification characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria( An AOB) treating high salinity wastewater were investigated in an pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor( ASBR,530 L) by gradually increasing the Cl~-concentration. The results showed that An AOB can adapt to the high salinity( Cl~-concentration of 10 000 mg·L~(-1)) environment for high-efficiency denitrification by means of gradual salinity acclimation and total nitrogen( TN) removal rate of up to 92. 3%. In particular,the denitrification performance was influenced by two gradients of Cl~-concentrations,namely 6 000 mg·L~(-1) and 10 000 mg·L~(-1),but it could be gradually recovered as the acclimatization process continued. The modified Boltzmann model accurately fit the activity recovery process of An AOB after being inhibited by the different salinities,and the correlation coefficient R~2 was above 0. 96. The fitted recovered median values tcfor Cl~-concentrations of 6 000 mg·L~(-1) and 10 000 mg·L~(-1) were 28. 765 d and 44. 495 d. NRRmaxfor these concentrations was 0. 145 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1) and 0. 212 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),and NRRminwas 0. 021 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1) and 0. 085 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),respectively. After salinity acclimation,the dominant bacteria of An AOB were Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Jettenia( the abundances were 14. 76% and 2. 7%,respectively),the granulation degree and sludge density increased to varying degrees,and the sludge color was reddish brown.
引文
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[14] Jin R C,Zhang Q Q,Yang G F,et al. Evaluating the recovery performance of the anammox process following inhibition by phenol and sulfide[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,142:162-170.
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[16]齐泮晴,于德爽,李津,等.盐度对厌氧氨氧化工艺处理含海水污水脱氮特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1392-1399.Qi P Q,Yu D S,Li J,et al. Effects of salinity on nitrogen removal of treating sewage with seawater by ANAMMOX process[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1392-1399.
[17]谢思宇,肖文香,潘海滨,等.抗高盐菌株的驯化及其对高盐含氮废水的处理[J].桂林电子科技大学学报,2012,32(4):335-338.Xie S Y, Xiao W X, Pan H B, et al. Acclimatization of anammox bacteria for biology treatment of high-salt wastewater[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology,2012,32(4):335-338.
[18] Fernández I,Vázquez-Padín J R,Mosquera-Corral A,et al.Biofilm and granular systems to improve Anammox biomass retention[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2008,42(3):308-313.
[19]陈重军,王建芳,张海芹,等.厌氧氨氧化污水处理工艺及其实际应用研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(3):521-527.Chen C J,Wang J F,Zhang H Q,et al. Research progress in anammox wastewater treatment system and its actual application[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(3):521-527.
[20]胡倩怡,郑平,康达.厌氧氨氧化菌的种类、特性与检测[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(2):384-391.Hu Q Y,Zheng P,Kang D. Taxonomy,characteristics,and biotechniques used for the analysis of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2017,23(2):384-391.
[21]于德爽,唐佳佳,张军,等.中试SAD-ASBR系统处理含盐废水的启动与工艺特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2740-2747.Yu D S, Tang J J, Zhang J, et al. Start-up and process characteristics of simultaneous ANAMMOX and denitrification(SAD)in a pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR)[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2740-2747.
[22] Ingram M. The Influence of sodium chloride and temperature on the endogenous respiration of b. cereus[J]. The Journal of General Physiology,1940,23(6):773-778.
[23] Jin B D,Wang S Y,Xing L Q,et al. The effect of salinity on waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation and kinetic analysis[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,43(5):80-90.
[24]吴月红.盐环境细菌群落结构分析和多相分类学研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.Wu Y H. Community structure analysis and polyphasic taxonomy of bacteria from saline environments[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009.
[25] Dapena-Mora A, Vázquez-Padín J R, Campos J L,et al.Monitoring the stability of an Anammox reactor under high salinity conditions[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2010,51(3):167-171.
[26]陆慧锋.耐盐厌氧氨氧化工艺性能及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.Lu H F. Performance and mechanisms of salt-tolerant ANAMMOX process[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.
[27] Ma C,Jin R C,Yang G F,et al. Impacts of transient salinity shock loads on Anammox process performance[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,112:124-130.
[2] Jetten M S M,van Niftrik L,Strous M,et al. Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria[J]. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2009,44(2-3):65-84.
[3] Mulder A,van de Graaf A A,Robertson L A,et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1995,16(3):177-183.
[4]金仁村,郑平,胡安辉,等.盐度对厌氧氨氧化反应器运行性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(1):81-87.Jin R C,Zheng P,Hu A H,et al. Effect of salinity on the performance of an anammox reactor[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(1):81-87.
[5] Thamdrup B,Dalsgaard T. Production of N2through anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in marine sediments[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2002,68(3):1312-1318.
[6] Kuypers M M M,Sliekers A O,Lavik G,et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea[J].Nature,2003,422(6932):608-611.
[7] Chen H,Ma C,Ji Y X,et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and regulation measures of the anammox process under salty conditions[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2014,132:584-592.
[8] Kartal B,Koleva M,Arsov R,et al. Adaptation of a freshwater anammox population to high salinity wastewater[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2006,126(4):546-553.
[9] Liu C L,Yamamoto T,Nishiyama T,et al. Effect of salt concentration in anammox treatment using non woven biomass carrier[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2009,107(5):519-523.
[10] Yang J C,Zhang L,Hira D,et al. Anammox treatment of highsalinity wastewater at ambient temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2367-2372.
[11] Van De Graaf A A,De Bruijn P,Robertson L A,et al.Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Microbiology,1996,142(8):2187-2196.
[12]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13] Wang J L,Wan W. Kinetic models for fermentative hydrogen production:a review[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(8):3313-3323.
[14] Jin R C,Zhang Q Q,Yang G F,et al. Evaluating the recovery performance of the anammox process following inhibition by phenol and sulfide[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,142:162-170.
[15]金仁村,马春,郑平,等.盐度对Anammox的短期影响研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2013,27(2):322-329.Jin R C,Ma C,Zheng P,et al. Short-term effects of salinity on Anammox[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2013,27(2):322-329.
[16]齐泮晴,于德爽,李津,等.盐度对厌氧氨氧化工艺处理含海水污水脱氮特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1392-1399.Qi P Q,Yu D S,Li J,et al. Effects of salinity on nitrogen removal of treating sewage with seawater by ANAMMOX process[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1392-1399.
[17]谢思宇,肖文香,潘海滨,等.抗高盐菌株的驯化及其对高盐含氮废水的处理[J].桂林电子科技大学学报,2012,32(4):335-338.Xie S Y, Xiao W X, Pan H B, et al. Acclimatization of anammox bacteria for biology treatment of high-salt wastewater[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology,2012,32(4):335-338.
[18] Fernández I,Vázquez-Padín J R,Mosquera-Corral A,et al.Biofilm and granular systems to improve Anammox biomass retention[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2008,42(3):308-313.
[19]陈重军,王建芳,张海芹,等.厌氧氨氧化污水处理工艺及其实际应用研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(3):521-527.Chen C J,Wang J F,Zhang H Q,et al. Research progress in anammox wastewater treatment system and its actual application[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(3):521-527.
[20]胡倩怡,郑平,康达.厌氧氨氧化菌的种类、特性与检测[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(2):384-391.Hu Q Y,Zheng P,Kang D. Taxonomy,characteristics,and biotechniques used for the analysis of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2017,23(2):384-391.
[21]于德爽,唐佳佳,张军,等.中试SAD-ASBR系统处理含盐废水的启动与工艺特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2740-2747.Yu D S, Tang J J, Zhang J, et al. Start-up and process characteristics of simultaneous ANAMMOX and denitrification(SAD)in a pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR)[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2740-2747.
[22] Ingram M. The Influence of sodium chloride and temperature on the endogenous respiration of b. cereus[J]. The Journal of General Physiology,1940,23(6):773-778.
[23] Jin B D,Wang S Y,Xing L Q,et al. The effect of salinity on waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation and kinetic analysis[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,43(5):80-90.
[24]吴月红.盐环境细菌群落结构分析和多相分类学研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.Wu Y H. Community structure analysis and polyphasic taxonomy of bacteria from saline environments[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009.
[25] Dapena-Mora A, Vázquez-Padín J R, Campos J L,et al.Monitoring the stability of an Anammox reactor under high salinity conditions[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2010,51(3):167-171.
[26]陆慧锋.耐盐厌氧氨氧化工艺性能及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.Lu H F. Performance and mechanisms of salt-tolerant ANAMMOX process[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.
[27] Ma C,Jin R C,Yang G F,et al. Impacts of transient salinity shock loads on Anammox process performance[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,112:124-130.