英语经验型强势主位结构的功能视角研究
|
摘要
本文从系统功能语言学视角对英语经验型强势主位结构进行探讨,目的是明确其功能及句法结构。研究认为:从语篇功能角度,"It be"是主位引发语,其后被增强的内容为真正主位,故而强势主位结构只涉及一个主位结构;从经验功能角度,"It be"只是用以凸显小句及物性结构中参与者或环境角色,因此强势主位结构与原式小句的及物性过程类型相同;从人际功能角度,"It be"是语气附加语,由此强势主位结构属于强调式语气域,以此表示小句"给予"或"寻求"信息的人际意义。在句法上,"It be"是状语,与其相关的"that"系强调结构中的粘合词,作用是将强调结构嵌入原式小句。
Within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper investigates the English experiential enhanced theme construction, aiming to reveal the three metafunctions of such a clause type and its syntactic structure. The research results shows that from the angle of textual metafunction, as the thematic build-up, "It be" enhances the following element, which is the only real Theme in this kind of clause; that from the angle of experiential metafunction, "It be" is used to highlight a Participant Role or a Circumstantial Role, and thus the process type of such a clause remains the same as that of its corresponding clause; and that from the angle of interpersonal metafunction, "It be" is a Mood Tag, rendering a congruent indicative mood type, and thus making the clause acquire a reading of emphatic mood domain. At the syntactic level, "It be" is an Adjunct, and the collocate element "that" is the Binder in the adjunctive clause, which embeds the structure of "It be" into the original clause.
Within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper investigates the English experiential enhanced theme construction, aiming to reveal the three metafunctions of such a clause type and its syntactic structure. The research results shows that from the angle of textual metafunction, as the thematic build-up, "It be" enhances the following element, which is the only real Theme in this kind of clause; that from the angle of experiential metafunction, "It be" is used to highlight a Participant Role or a Circumstantial Role, and thus the process type of such a clause remains the same as that of its corresponding clause; and that from the angle of interpersonal metafunction, "It be" is a Mood Tag, rendering a congruent indicative mood type, and thus making the clause acquire a reading of emphatic mood domain. At the syntactic level, "It be" is an Adjunct, and the collocate element "that" is the Binder in the adjunctive clause, which embeds the structure of "It be" into the original clause.
引文
[1] Akmajian, A. On deriving from cleft sentences pseudo-cleft sentences[J]. Linguistic Inquiry, 1970(2): 149-168.
[2] Atlas, J. D. & S. C. Levinson. It-clefts, informativeness, and logical form: Radical pragmatics[A]. In Cole,P.(ed.). Radical Pragmatics[C]. New York: Academic Press, 1981: 1-36.
[3] Chafe, W. Giveness, constrastiveness, subjects, topics and points of view[A]. In Li,C.(ed.). Subject and Topic[C]. New York: Academic Press, 1976: 25-55.
[4] Chalker, S. & E. Weiner. Oxford Concise Dictionary of English Grammar[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.
[5] Chomsky, N著. 赵世开,译. Deep structure, surface structure, and semantic interpretation[A]. 《语言学译丛》(第二辑)[C]. 北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1980: 177-230.
[6] Downing, A. & P. Locke. English Grammar: A University Course (2nd ed.)[M]. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
[7] Eggins, S. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics[M]. London: Pinter, 2007.
[8] Fawcett,R.P. A Theory of Syntax for System Functional Linguistics[M]. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2000.
[9] Fawcett, R.P. Invitation to Systemic Functional Linguistics through the Cardiff Grammar[M]. London: Equinox, 2008.
[10]Fawcett, R. P. The many types of ‘Theme’ in English: Their semantic systems and functional syntax[M/OL]. 2003. http: // www. wagsoft. com / Systemics / Archive / Fawcett-Theme Paper. Rtf.
[11]Fries, P. H. “Theme and new in written English”[A]. In Miller,T.(ed.). Functional Approaches to Written Text: Classroom Applications[C]. Washington, D. C.: English Language Programs, 1997: 230-243.
[12]Gundel, J. K. Where do cleft sentences come from?[J]. Language, 1977(3): 543-549.
[13]Halliday, M. A. K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M]. London: Arnold, 1994.
[14]Halliday, M. A. K. & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (3rd ed.)[M]. London: Arnold, 2004.
[15]Jespersen, O. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles III[M]. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1928.
[16]Jespersen, O. Analytic Syntax[M]. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1937.
[17]Leech, G., Deuchar,M. & R. Hoogenraad. English Grammar for Today: A New Introduction[M]. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1982.
[18]Levinson, S. Pragmatics[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[19]Quirk, R. et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M]. London: Longman, 1985.
[20]Thompson, G. Introducing Functional Grammar (2nd ed.)[M]. London: Arnold, 2004.
[21]何伟, 张敬源, 张娇. 英语功能句法研究[M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2015.
[22]黄国文. 英语分裂句的结构问题[J]. 外语研究, 1996(2): 37-43.
[23]黄国文. 系统功能语法中的重合主位[J]. 现代外语, 2001(2): 111-120.
[24]王红成. 英语分裂句的语义语用分析[J]. 外语教学, 2004(2): 40-43.
[2] Atlas, J. D. & S. C. Levinson. It-clefts, informativeness, and logical form: Radical pragmatics[A]. In Cole,P.(ed.). Radical Pragmatics[C]. New York: Academic Press, 1981: 1-36.
[3] Chafe, W. Giveness, constrastiveness, subjects, topics and points of view[A]. In Li,C.(ed.). Subject and Topic[C]. New York: Academic Press, 1976: 25-55.
[4] Chalker, S. & E. Weiner. Oxford Concise Dictionary of English Grammar[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.
[5] Chomsky, N著. 赵世开,译. Deep structure, surface structure, and semantic interpretation[A]. 《语言学译丛》(第二辑)[C]. 北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1980: 177-230.
[6] Downing, A. & P. Locke. English Grammar: A University Course (2nd ed.)[M]. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
[7] Eggins, S. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics[M]. London: Pinter, 2007.
[8] Fawcett,R.P. A Theory of Syntax for System Functional Linguistics[M]. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2000.
[9] Fawcett, R.P. Invitation to Systemic Functional Linguistics through the Cardiff Grammar[M]. London: Equinox, 2008.
[10]Fawcett, R. P. The many types of ‘Theme’ in English: Their semantic systems and functional syntax[M/OL]. 2003. http: // www. wagsoft. com / Systemics / Archive / Fawcett-Theme Paper. Rtf.
[11]Fries, P. H. “Theme and new in written English”[A]. In Miller,T.(ed.). Functional Approaches to Written Text: Classroom Applications[C]. Washington, D. C.: English Language Programs, 1997: 230-243.
[12]Gundel, J. K. Where do cleft sentences come from?[J]. Language, 1977(3): 543-549.
[13]Halliday, M. A. K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M]. London: Arnold, 1994.
[14]Halliday, M. A. K. & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (3rd ed.)[M]. London: Arnold, 2004.
[15]Jespersen, O. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles III[M]. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1928.
[16]Jespersen, O. Analytic Syntax[M]. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1937.
[17]Leech, G., Deuchar,M. & R. Hoogenraad. English Grammar for Today: A New Introduction[M]. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1982.
[18]Levinson, S. Pragmatics[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[19]Quirk, R. et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M]. London: Longman, 1985.
[20]Thompson, G. Introducing Functional Grammar (2nd ed.)[M]. London: Arnold, 2004.
[21]何伟, 张敬源, 张娇. 英语功能句法研究[M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2015.
[22]黄国文. 英语分裂句的结构问题[J]. 外语研究, 1996(2): 37-43.
[23]黄国文. 系统功能语法中的重合主位[J]. 现代外语, 2001(2): 111-120.
[24]王红成. 英语分裂句的语义语用分析[J]. 外语教学, 2004(2): 40-43.