10种常绿植物滞留大气颗粒物能力与叶表面微结构的关系
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摘要
以10种常绿植物为研究对象,通过测定单位叶面滞尘量,采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察各树种叶表面的微形态特征,探讨了植物叶表面微结构与滞留大气颗粒能力的关系。研究结果表明:10种植物叶表面滞留大气颗粒物的能力存在差异,云杉的单位叶面滞尘量最高,其后依次为雪松、刺柏、华山松、龙柏、油松、白皮松、塔柏、侧柏和冬青卫矛。ESEM能够较好地描述植物叶表面原始的滞尘情况,华山松和冬青卫矛叶表面微形态特征由于积累较多浮尘而被掩盖。SEM观察结果表明,清洗和未清洗树种叶表面微形态差异明显,模拟自然状态下的降雨过程能够较大程度地清除植物叶表面滞留的大气颗粒物;植物叶表面的滞尘能力与植物种类及其微形态结构之间存在一定的对应关系,凸起、沟槽、气孔及各种纹理等微细结构增加了叶表面的粗糙程度,提高了植物的滞尘能力。
10 evergreen plants were observed for the depostied atmospheric particle densities and micro-morphology characteristics on their leaf surfaces. The results showed that their atmospheric particle-retaining capabilities were different, and the highest unit area particles was P. asperata, followed by Cedrus deodara, Juniperus formosana, Pinus armandii, Sabina chinensis cv. kaizuca, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Sabina chinensis cv. pyramidalis, Platycladus orientalis and Euonymus japonicus. The original dust-retaining status could be observed clearly by ESEM, but the micro-morphology characteristics on the leaf surfaces of P. armandii and E. japonicus were covered by the heavy dust. The SEM observation results showed that there were apparent differences between the thoroughly rinsing and the unwashed samples, and the mock rainfall could greatly wipe off the atmospheric particles on the leaf surface. In general, there were certain relationship in the dust-retaining capability of the leaf surface between the plant species and the leaf surface micro-morphology characteristics.The micro-features, such as embossment, grooves, stoma and texture increased the roughness of the leaf surface,which improved the particle-retaining capabilities.
10 evergreen plants were observed for the depostied atmospheric particle densities and micro-morphology characteristics on their leaf surfaces. The results showed that their atmospheric particle-retaining capabilities were different, and the highest unit area particles was P. asperata, followed by Cedrus deodara, Juniperus formosana, Pinus armandii, Sabina chinensis cv. kaizuca, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Sabina chinensis cv. pyramidalis, Platycladus orientalis and Euonymus japonicus. The original dust-retaining status could be observed clearly by ESEM, but the micro-morphology characteristics on the leaf surfaces of P. armandii and E. japonicus were covered by the heavy dust. The SEM observation results showed that there were apparent differences between the thoroughly rinsing and the unwashed samples, and the mock rainfall could greatly wipe off the atmospheric particles on the leaf surface. In general, there were certain relationship in the dust-retaining capability of the leaf surface between the plant species and the leaf surface micro-morphology characteristics.The micro-features, such as embossment, grooves, stoma and texture increased the roughness of the leaf surface,which improved the particle-retaining capabilities.
引文
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[21] 余曼,汪正祥,雷耘,等.武汉市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(7):1333-1339.
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[2] 邱媛,管东生,宋巍巍,等.惠州城市植被的滞尘效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2455-2462.
[3] 王蕾,哈斯,刘连友,等.北京市六种针叶树叶面附着颗粒物的理化特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):487-492.
[4] 齐飞艳,朱彦锋,赵勇,等.郑州市园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(3):256-259.
[5] 杨周敏.西安市区不同绿化植物的滞尘效应季节变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):178-184.
[6] 刘翠.西安市环境空气质量污染变化特征与影响因素研究[D].西安:西北大学,2013.
[7] 杨光.西安市南郊城乡结合部大气TSP的污染化学特征[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2013.
[8] ROCHA D L,SILVA L C,EREIRA E G,et al.Early detection of injuries in leaves of Clusia hilariana Schltdl.(Clusiaceae) caused by particulate deposition of iron[J].Revista árvore,Vi?osa-MG,2014,38:423-432.
[9] MORI J,HANSLIN H M,BURCHI G,et al.Particulate matter and element accumulation on coniferous trees at different distances from a highway[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2015,14:170-177.
[10] 杨文峰,李星敏,陈闯,等.西安市两次雾霾期间气象要素和气溶胶特性分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2298-2306.
[11] WANG H X,SHI H,WANG Y H.Effect of weather,time,and pollution level on the amount of particulate matter deposited on leaves of Ligustrum lucidum[J].The Scientific World Journal,2015:935-942.
[12] PAL A,KULSHRESHTHA K,AHMAD K J,et al.Do leaf surface characters play a role in plant resistance to auto-exhaust pollution[J].Flora,2002,197:47-55.
[13] 王赞红,李纪标.城市街道常绿灌木植物叶片滞尘能力及滞尘颗粒物形态[J].生态环境,2006,15(2):327-330.
[14] 李万春,田燕,王鹏云.基于常规扫描仪的植物叶面积计算系统[J].气象,2004,30(8):39-41.
[15] 王蓉丽,方英姿,马玲.金华市主要城市园林植物综合滞尘能力的研究[J].浙江农业科学,2009 (3):574-576.
[16] 王慧霞,石辉,张雅静,等.大叶女贞叶面结构对滞留颗粒物粒径的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(1):258-262.
[17] S?bΦ A,PEPEK R,NAWROT B,et al.Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,427:347-354.
[18] 汤雪明,戴文书.生物样品的环境扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,2001,20(3):217-223.
[19] 于丽芳,杨志军,周永章,等.扫描电镜和环境扫描电镜在地学领域的应用综述[J].中山大学研究生学刊,2008,29(1):54-61.
[20] 刘玲,方炎明,王顺昌,等.7种树木的叶片微形态与空气悬浮颗粒吸附及重金属累积特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2361-2367.
[21] 余曼,汪正祥,雷耘,等.武汉市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(7):1333-1339.
[22] 张维康,王兵,牛香.北京不同污染地区园林植物对空气颗粒物的滞纳能力[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2831-2388.