南海湖冬季浮游植物特征及与水质因子关系
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摘要
为了探究包头市南海湖冬季浮游植物群落特征及其与水质因子关系,于2017年12月至2018年2月在湖区的12个采样点进行水环境样品的采集分析。结果共鉴定出浮游植物7门20属51种;以绿藻的种类数最多,优势种主要为四尾栅藻、镰形纤维藻、纤细月牙藻、螺旋弓形藻、水华束丝藻、微小色球藻、近缘针杆藻、普通等片藻、多形裸藻。各月浮游植物单位体积细胞数量(细胞丰度)变化范围为3.17×10~6～16.96×10~6个/L,生物量变化范围为0.52～3.00 mg·L~(-1)。由浮游植物丰度来看,南海湖已经处于富营养化状态。基于污染指示种,多样性指数综合评价,南海湖水质总体呈现中污染状态。浮游植物主要种类密度与环境因子的冗余分析排序结果显示:多数绿藻受总氮、化学需氧量、氨氮影响较大;硅藻主要受pH值的影响;蓝藻主要受水温和总磷的影响。
In order to investigate the winter phytoplankton community characteristics and its relationship with water quality factors in Nanhai Lake of Baotou City,the water environment samples were collected and analyzed at 12 sampling sites from December 2017 to February 2018. There are 7 divisions 20 genuses and 51 species of phytoplankton,which are mainly composed of diatom and green algae,and Scenedesmus quadricauda,Ankistrodesmus falcatus,Selenastrum gracile,Schroederia spiralis,Aphanizomenon flosaquae,Chroococcus limneticus,Synedra affinis,Diatoma vulgare,Euglena polymorpha are the dominant sociales. Abundant ranged from 3.17×10~6 to 16.96×10~6 cells/L. Biomass ranged from 0.52 to 3.00 mg/L. Judging from the abundance of phytoplankton,Nanhai Lake is already in a eutrophic state. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of pollution indicator species and diversity indices,the overall water quality of Nanhai Lake presents a state of pollution.The RDA ordination of phytoplankton major species density and environmental factors showed that most of the green algae were greatly influenced by TN,CODcr,and NH_3-N; the diatoms were mainly affected by p H; and the cyanobacteria were mainly affected by T and TP.
In order to investigate the winter phytoplankton community characteristics and its relationship with water quality factors in Nanhai Lake of Baotou City,the water environment samples were collected and analyzed at 12 sampling sites from December 2017 to February 2018. There are 7 divisions 20 genuses and 51 species of phytoplankton,which are mainly composed of diatom and green algae,and Scenedesmus quadricauda,Ankistrodesmus falcatus,Selenastrum gracile,Schroederia spiralis,Aphanizomenon flosaquae,Chroococcus limneticus,Synedra affinis,Diatoma vulgare,Euglena polymorpha are the dominant sociales. Abundant ranged from 3.17×10~6 to 16.96×10~6 cells/L. Biomass ranged from 0.52 to 3.00 mg/L. Judging from the abundance of phytoplankton,Nanhai Lake is already in a eutrophic state. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of pollution indicator species and diversity indices,the overall water quality of Nanhai Lake presents a state of pollution.The RDA ordination of phytoplankton major species density and environmental factors showed that most of the green algae were greatly influenced by TN,CODcr,and NH_3-N; the diatoms were mainly affected by p H; and the cyanobacteria were mainly affected by T and TP.
引文
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[19] CHENGXUE M A, HONGXIAN Y U. Phytoplankton community structurein reservoirs of different trophic status: a study from North East China[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2013,31(3):471-481.
[20] 张萍,李宝华,刘宪斌,等.海河干流浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].水产科学,2015,34(6):344-350.
[21] 王华,杨树平,房晟忠,等.滇池浮游植物群落特征及与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):544-552.
[22] 李建茹,李畅游,李兴,等.乌梁素海浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1032-1040.
[23] 郭延,王志红,骆科枢,等.4种营养元素对水华鱼腥藻和四尾栅藻增殖的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(5):2113-2118.
[2] 夏品华,马健荣,李存雄,等.红枫湖水库冬春季浮游生物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(4):378-386.
[3] 于玲红,王晓云,李卫平,等.包头南海湿地冰封期水质特征[J].湿地科学,2016,14(6):810-815.
[4] 李卫平,徐静,于玲红,等.乌梁素海冰封期营养盐及浮游植物的分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(6):1007-1013.
[5] 马放,杨基先,魏利,等.环境微生物图谱[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.
[6] 周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水型微生物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[7] 胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[8] 国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[9] LAMPITT R S, WISHNER K F, TURLEY C M, et al. Marine snow studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: distribution, composition and role as a food source for migrating plankton[J]. Marine Biology,1993,116(4):689-702.
[10] BELAOUSSOFF S, KEVAN P G, MURPHY S, et al. Assessing tillage disturbance on assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) by using a range of ecological indices[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation,2003,12(5):851-882.
[11] 况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰,等.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价[J].植物科学学报,2004,22(6):507-513.
[12] 朱为菊,庞婉婷,尤庆敏,等.淮河流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(3):637-645.
[13] 夏爽,王岳,裴国凤.长江干流湖北段浮游藻类群落结构特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):916-922.
[14] 盛海燕,虞左明,刘明亮,等.千岛湖冬季浮游植物光合活性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(2):365-372.
[15] 周浩,王凤鹭,于晓英.牡丹江流域冰封期浮游植物群落组成及生物多样性研究[J].现代农业科技,2017(2):163-163.
[16] 富国.湖库富营养化敏感分级水动力概率参数研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(6):80-84.
[17] LEIRA M, CANTONATI M. Effects of water-level fluctuations on lakes: an annotated bibliography[J]. Hydrobiologia,2008,613(1):171-184.
[18] 许秀梅,陈佳喜,柴方营,等.多布库尔自然保护区水体浮游植物分布及水质综合评价[J].湿地科学,2017,15(3):457-463.
[19] CHENGXUE M A, HONGXIAN Y U. Phytoplankton community structurein reservoirs of different trophic status: a study from North East China[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2013,31(3):471-481.
[20] 张萍,李宝华,刘宪斌,等.海河干流浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].水产科学,2015,34(6):344-350.
[21] 王华,杨树平,房晟忠,等.滇池浮游植物群落特征及与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):544-552.
[22] 李建茹,李畅游,李兴,等.乌梁素海浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1032-1040.
[23] 郭延,王志红,骆科枢,等.4种营养元素对水华鱼腥藻和四尾栅藻增殖的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(5):2113-2118.