改进的AVAZ方法在裂缝型储层预测中的应用研究
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摘要
对于裂缝型油气藏,基于叠前方位角地震数据体,利用AVAZ方法进行裂缝属性预测是目前较为有效的裂缝描述手段,然而,由于地震数据通常为窄方位采集,使得不同方位角数据覆盖次数差异较大,导致各方位振幅能量分布不均,最终造成裂缝属性预测中产生趋势性误差。振幅归一化处理技术应用到现有的AVAZ方法中,该方法能够有效地降低因数据采集所造成的趋势性误差,预测结果会更为真实、可靠。在实际油田的应用中,振幅归一化技术显著改善了AVAZ方法对裂缝属性预测的准确性,取得了较好的效果。
Nowadays, it is effective to predict the fracture attributions via AVAZ technique based on pre-stack azimuthal data. However, in the seismic acquisition of narrow azimuth, the number of folds can hardly be consistent at different azimuth directions, so that different azimuth data has different energy resulting in the trend error in the prediction of fracture attributions. In this paper, the AVAZ method based on the amplitude normalization in the fractured reservoir is proposed. By adding the method into the fracture analysis step the trend error caused by the seismic acquisition could be avoided. Finally, the application results from real data shows that this method is effective and practical and it significantly improves the fracture predicted results.
Nowadays, it is effective to predict the fracture attributions via AVAZ technique based on pre-stack azimuthal data. However, in the seismic acquisition of narrow azimuth, the number of folds can hardly be consistent at different azimuth directions, so that different azimuth data has different energy resulting in the trend error in the prediction of fracture attributions. In this paper, the AVAZ method based on the amplitude normalization in the fractured reservoir is proposed. By adding the method into the fracture analysis step the trend error caused by the seismic acquisition could be avoided. Finally, the application results from real data shows that this method is effective and practical and it significantly improves the fracture predicted results.
引文
[1]杨晓,王真理,喻岳钰.裂缝型储层地震检测方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1785-1794.Yang X,Wang ZL,Yu YY.The overview of seismic techniques in prediction of fracture reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(5):1785-1794.(in Chinese).
[2]黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602-1606.Huang WZ,Yang CC,Wang YF.The application of pre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1602-1606.(in Chinese).
[3]牛虎林.成像测井解释模式在基岩油气藏裂缝性储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1544-1549.Niu HL.Application of imaging log interpretation patterns in fractured basement reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1544-1549.(in Chinese).
[4]腾佃波,邢春颖,王贇.基于地震横波分裂理论的火成岩裂缝检测[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):513-517.Teng DB,Xing CY,Wang Y.The detection of fracture in igneous-rock-reservoir based on s-wave splitting[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):513-517.(in Chinese).
[5]程冰洁,徐天吉.转换波方位各向异性裂缝检测技术研究及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):575-581.Cheng B J,Xu T J.Research and application of fracture detection technique using azimuthal anisotropy of C-wave[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(2):575-581.(in Chinese).
[6]张晓斌.利用多波资料检测裂缝[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):431-434,438.Zhang XB.Using multi-wave data to detect fracture[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(4):431-434,438.(in Chinese).
[7]Rüger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-722.
[8]Rüger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
[9]Mallick S.Determination of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):692-706.
[10]Xiong JL,Zhang BQ,Li GF.Azimuthal AVO inversion of 3-D P-wave and analysis of resistibility to noise[C]//Expanded Abstract CPS/SEG International Conference,2004.
[11]Gray D,Head K.Fracture detection in Manderson Field:A 3-D AVAZ case history[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19(11):1214-1221.
[12]朱培民.用纵波AVO数据反演储层裂缝密度参数[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):1-12.Zhu PM.Inverting reservoir fracture density using P-wave AVO data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2001,40(2):1-12.(in Chinese).
[13]范国章,牟永光.裂缝各向异性对纵波叠加资料的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):69-72.Fan GZ,Mou YG.Effects of fracture anisotropy on seismic P-wave stack data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(1):69-72.(in Chinese).
[14]刘俊峰.海拉尔盆地乌东地区裂缝储层综合分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(S1):181-184.Liu JF.Integrated analysis on fracture reservoir in Wudong Area,Hailaer Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):181-184.(in Chinese).
[15]赵思为.方位P波裂缝检测技术在川东北裂缝型储层中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):260-264.Zhao SW.Application of azimuthal P-wave fracture detecting technique in fracture reservoir in Northeast Sichuan China[J].Oil Geophysical Prospection,2010,45(2):260-264.(in Chinese).
[16]赵晓燕,王秀玲,杨宏伟.埕北凹陷老292潜山裂缝性储层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):737-740.Zhao XY,Wang XL,Yang HW.Fractured reservoirs prediction method for Old 292 buried hill in Chengbei Depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospection,2010,45(5):737-740.(in Chinese).
[17]王连山.裂缝预测技术在砾岩体气藏评价中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(4):1343-1349.Wang LS,Application of fractures forecast technique in conglomerate gas reservoir evaluation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(4):1343-1349.(in Chinese).
[18]刘军迎.基于叠前方位振幅的大港-埕海地区奥陶系风化壳裂缝储层的叠前预测[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1588-1597.Liu JY,Prestack fracture reservoir bed estimation of Ordovician weather layer of Dagang-Chenghai area based on azimuthal prestack seismic amplitude[J].Progress in Geophys,2012,27(4):1588-1597.(in Chinese).
[19]赵建儒.储层预测技术在鸭西柳沟庄地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(S1):59-65.Zhao JR.Reservoir predictions in Yaxi and Liugouzhuang areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):59-65.(in Chinese).
[20]陈小宏,牟永光.四维地震油藏监测技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):707-715.Chen XH,Mou YG.1998.Four-dimensional seismic reservoir monitoring technique and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(6):707-715.(in Chinese).
[21]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及实例处理[J].石油学报,1999,28(6):22-26.Chen XH,Normalization for four-dimensional seismic data and its application to real data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,28(6):22-26.(in Chinese).
[22]Zhou B,Greenhalgh SA.Crosshole seismic inversion with normalized full-waveform amplitude data[J].Geophysics,2003,68(4):1320-1330.
[23]吴清岭.基于覆盖次数的叠前振幅归一化处理在大庆油田的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(2):121-123,127.Wu QL.Prestack amplitude normalization processing based on fold and its application to Daqing Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(2):121-123,127.(in Chinese).
[2]黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602-1606.Huang WZ,Yang CC,Wang YF.The application of pre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1602-1606.(in Chinese).
[3]牛虎林.成像测井解释模式在基岩油气藏裂缝性储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1544-1549.Niu HL.Application of imaging log interpretation patterns in fractured basement reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1544-1549.(in Chinese).
[4]腾佃波,邢春颖,王贇.基于地震横波分裂理论的火成岩裂缝检测[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):513-517.Teng DB,Xing CY,Wang Y.The detection of fracture in igneous-rock-reservoir based on s-wave splitting[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):513-517.(in Chinese).
[5]程冰洁,徐天吉.转换波方位各向异性裂缝检测技术研究及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):575-581.Cheng B J,Xu T J.Research and application of fracture detection technique using azimuthal anisotropy of C-wave[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(2):575-581.(in Chinese).
[6]张晓斌.利用多波资料检测裂缝[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):431-434,438.Zhang XB.Using multi-wave data to detect fracture[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(4):431-434,438.(in Chinese).
[7]Rüger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-722.
[8]Rüger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
[9]Mallick S.Determination of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):692-706.
[10]Xiong JL,Zhang BQ,Li GF.Azimuthal AVO inversion of 3-D P-wave and analysis of resistibility to noise[C]//Expanded Abstract CPS/SEG International Conference,2004.
[11]Gray D,Head K.Fracture detection in Manderson Field:A 3-D AVAZ case history[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19(11):1214-1221.
[12]朱培民.用纵波AVO数据反演储层裂缝密度参数[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):1-12.Zhu PM.Inverting reservoir fracture density using P-wave AVO data[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2001,40(2):1-12.(in Chinese).
[13]范国章,牟永光.裂缝各向异性对纵波叠加资料的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):69-72.Fan GZ,Mou YG.Effects of fracture anisotropy on seismic P-wave stack data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(1):69-72.(in Chinese).
[14]刘俊峰.海拉尔盆地乌东地区裂缝储层综合分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(S1):181-184.Liu JF.Integrated analysis on fracture reservoir in Wudong Area,Hailaer Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):181-184.(in Chinese).
[15]赵思为.方位P波裂缝检测技术在川东北裂缝型储层中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):260-264.Zhao SW.Application of azimuthal P-wave fracture detecting technique in fracture reservoir in Northeast Sichuan China[J].Oil Geophysical Prospection,2010,45(2):260-264.(in Chinese).
[16]赵晓燕,王秀玲,杨宏伟.埕北凹陷老292潜山裂缝性储层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):737-740.Zhao XY,Wang XL,Yang HW.Fractured reservoirs prediction method for Old 292 buried hill in Chengbei Depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospection,2010,45(5):737-740.(in Chinese).
[17]王连山.裂缝预测技术在砾岩体气藏评价中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(4):1343-1349.Wang LS,Application of fractures forecast technique in conglomerate gas reservoir evaluation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(4):1343-1349.(in Chinese).
[18]刘军迎.基于叠前方位振幅的大港-埕海地区奥陶系风化壳裂缝储层的叠前预测[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1588-1597.Liu JY,Prestack fracture reservoir bed estimation of Ordovician weather layer of Dagang-Chenghai area based on azimuthal prestack seismic amplitude[J].Progress in Geophys,2012,27(4):1588-1597.(in Chinese).
[19]赵建儒.储层预测技术在鸭西柳沟庄地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(S1):59-65.Zhao JR.Reservoir predictions in Yaxi and Liugouzhuang areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):59-65.(in Chinese).
[20]陈小宏,牟永光.四维地震油藏监测技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):707-715.Chen XH,Mou YG.1998.Four-dimensional seismic reservoir monitoring technique and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(6):707-715.(in Chinese).
[21]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及实例处理[J].石油学报,1999,28(6):22-26.Chen XH,Normalization for four-dimensional seismic data and its application to real data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,28(6):22-26.(in Chinese).
[22]Zhou B,Greenhalgh SA.Crosshole seismic inversion with normalized full-waveform amplitude data[J].Geophysics,2003,68(4):1320-1330.
[23]吴清岭.基于覆盖次数的叠前振幅归一化处理在大庆油田的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(2):121-123,127.Wu QL.Prestack amplitude normalization processing based on fold and its application to Daqing Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(2):121-123,127.(in Chinese).