频变AVAZ响应特征分析及裂缝性质反演方法研究
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摘要
AVAZ方法是裂缝储层评价的重要手段,然而它受到静态等效地震岩石物理模型的限制,一般用于反演裂缝密度和裂缝走向.近年来,随着裂缝性孔隙介质等效模型的发展,频变AVAZ响应特征被证明可以携带更多的裂缝性质信息.本文针对HTI介质,基于Chapman理论分析流体类型和裂缝长度对频变AVAZ响应特征的影响并建立结合贝叶斯理论和遗传算法反演裂缝密度、裂缝走向、裂缝长度和裂缝充填流体类型的新方法.新反演方法流程为:首先,基于频变AVAZ特征建立反演目标函数并运用遗传算法求解,根据此结果分别建立裂缝参数的似然函数;其次,利用贝叶斯算法将地质、测井等获得的裂缝性质先验信息与地震获得的裂缝性质似然函数结合,计算裂缝性质的后验概率分布函数;最后,通过控制先验裂缝参数的方差,均衡地震数据及地质、测井数据的信息采用量.合成数据的分析和反演结果表明:流体性质和裂缝长度是频变AVAZ响应的敏感参数;本文提出反演裂缝性质方法是可行的.先验裂缝参数影响分析验证了该方法在均衡地质、测井及地震数据的信息采用量方面的有效性.
AVAZ method plays an important role in characterizing fracture reservoirs. However,only fracture density and azimuth can be estimated with the limitation of traditional equivalent medium theories. In recent years, with the development of equivalentmedium theories considering attenuation and dispersion have shown that containing more fracture properties. Based on Chapman theory,this paper analysis frequency-dependent AVAZ attributes effected by fluid type and fracture length,and establish a new inversion method which combine Bayes theory and genetic algorithm. The flow of inversion method: Firstly,construct objective function based on frequency-dependent AVAZ attributes and obtain the solution by genetic algorithm. According the solution establish likelihood function of fracture properties, respectively. Then calculate the posterior probability distribution function of fracture properties by combining prior information from geology, well logging and likelihood function from seismic inversion. Finally, balance the adoptions of seismic information and geology, well logging information through controlling variance of prior fracture parameters.Analysis and inversion on synthetic data shows that fluid type and fracture length are sensitive to frequency-dependent AVAZ response and the inversion method of fracture properties in this paper is feasible. Analysis of the influence of prior information verifies that this method is efficient on balancing the adoption of geology,well and seismic data.
AVAZ method plays an important role in characterizing fracture reservoirs. However,only fracture density and azimuth can be estimated with the limitation of traditional equivalent medium theories. In recent years, with the development of equivalentmedium theories considering attenuation and dispersion have shown that containing more fracture properties. Based on Chapman theory,this paper analysis frequency-dependent AVAZ attributes effected by fluid type and fracture length,and establish a new inversion method which combine Bayes theory and genetic algorithm. The flow of inversion method: Firstly,construct objective function based on frequency-dependent AVAZ attributes and obtain the solution by genetic algorithm. According the solution establish likelihood function of fracture properties, respectively. Then calculate the posterior probability distribution function of fracture properties by combining prior information from geology, well logging and likelihood function from seismic inversion. Finally, balance the adoptions of seismic information and geology, well logging information through controlling variance of prior fracture parameters.Analysis and inversion on synthetic data shows that fluid type and fracture length are sensitive to frequency-dependent AVAZ response and the inversion method of fracture properties in this paper is feasible. Analysis of the influence of prior information verifies that this method is efficient on balancing the adoption of geology,well and seismic data.
引文
Ali A,Jakobsen M.2014.Anisotropic permeability in fractured reservoirs from frequency-dependent seismic amplitude versus angle and azimuth data[J].Geophysical prospecting,62(2):293-314.
Chapman M.2001.Modelling the wide-band laboratory response of rock samples to fluid pressure changes[Ph.D.thesis].Edinburgh:University of Edinburgh.
Chapman M.2003.Frequency-dependent anisotropy due to mesoscale fractures in the presence of equant porosity[J].Geophysical Prospecting,51(5):369-379.
Du Q,Kong L,Han S.2009.Wavefield propagation characteristics in the fracture-induced anisotropic double-porosity medium[J](in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(4):1049-1058.
Guo Z,Liu C,Yang B et al.2007.Seismic wave fields modeling and feature in viscoelastic anisotropic media[J](in Chinese).Progress in Geophysics.22(3):804-810.
Hudson J A.1980.Overall properties of a cracked solid[J].Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,88:371-384.
Hudson J A.1981.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,64(1):133-150.
Hudson J A,Liu E,Crampin S.1996.The mechanical properties of materials with interconnected cracks and pores[J].Geophysical Journal International,124(1):105-112.
Lan H.2014.Wave Field Modeling in Fractured Porous Media and Frequency-dependent AVO Reservoir Parameters[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
Li C,Yin X,Zhang G,et al.2015.Prestack AVA inversion for pore fluid modulus based on the Bayesian theory[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,54(4):467-476.
Liu C,Liu Y,Feng X,et al.2012.Constructing the convex quadratic function for the evaluation of crack density of HTI media using P-and converted waves[J](in Chinese).Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,9(6):729-735.
Liu C,Liu Y,Feng X,et al.2013.Invert crack density of HTI media by using SVD based on PP-wave AVA data from crossing seismic survey lines[J](in Chinese).Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),43(5):1655-1662.
Liu X,Dong N,Liu Y,et al.2015.Progress on frequency-dependent AVAZ inversion for characterization of fractured porous media[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,54(2):210-217.
Pointer T,Liu E,Hudson J A.2000.Seismic wave propagation in cracked porous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,142(1):199-231.
Rüger A.1997.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,62(3):713-722.
Rüger A.1998 Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,63(3):935-947.
Schoenberg M.1980.Elastic wave behavior across linear slip interfaces[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,68:1516-1521.
Sothcott J,McC ann C,O’Hara S G.2000.The influence of two different pore fluids on the acoustic properties of reservoir sandstones at sonic and ultrasonic frequencies[A].70th SEG Meeting,Calgary,Canada,Expanded Abstracts[C],1883-1886.
Thomsen L.1995.Elastic anisotropy due to aligned cracks in porous rock[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(3),805-829.
Van der Kolk C M,Guest W S,Potters J H H M.2001.The 3D shear experiment over the Natih field in Oman:the effect of fracture filling fluids on shear propagation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,49(2),179-197.
Wang L,Gu H,Li Z et al.2014.The prestack Bayesian inversion prediction study of Ordovician fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum.53(6):270-276.
Wang Z.2008.A study of numerical simulation and propagation characteristics for 3D two phase orthotropic medium based on the BISQ mechanism[D](in Chinese).Jilin:Jilin University.
Wei X,Lu M,Ba J et al.2008.Dispersion and attenuation of elastic waves in a viscous fluid-saturated anisotropic porous solid[J](in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1):213-220.
Wu X.2010.Frequency dependent AVO inversion using spectral decomposition techniques[D](in Chinese).Wuhan:China University of Geosciences.
Yang D.2002.Finite element method of the elastic wave equation and wavefield simulation in two-phase anisotropic media[J].(in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(4):575-583.
Yin X,Li C,Zhang S.2013.Seismic fluid discrimination based on twophase theory[J].(in Chinese).Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2013,37(5):38-43.
Zhang G,Chen H,Yin X et al.2012.Method of fracture elastic parameter inversion based on anisotropic AVO[J](in Chinese).Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)42(3):845-851.
Zhang X,Wang D,Wang Z et al.2010.The study on azimuth characteristics of attenuation and dispersion in 3D two-phase orthotropic crack medium based on BISQ mechanism[J](in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics.53(10):2452-2459.
Zhu P,Wang J,Yu W et al.2001.Inverting reservoir fracture density using P-wave AVO data.[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum.40(2):1-12.
杜启振,孔丽云,韩世春.2009.裂缝诱导各向异性双孔隙介质波场传播特征[J].地球物理学报,52(4):1049-1058.
兰慧田.2014.裂缝孔隙介质波场模拟与频变AVO储层参数反演[D].长春:吉林大学.
郭智奇,刘财,杨宝俊,等.2007.粘弹各向异性介质中地震波场模拟与特征[J].地球物理学进展,22(3):804-810.
李超,印兴耀,张广智,等.2015.基于贝叶斯理论的孔隙流体模量叠前AVA反演[J].石油物探,54(4):467-476.
刘喜武,董宁,刘宇巍.2015.裂缝性孔隙介质频变AVAZ反演方法研究进展[J].石油物探,54(2):210-217.
刘财,刘宇巍,冯晅,等.2013.基于方位相交的纵波AVA数据运用SVD反演HIT介质裂缝密度[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),43(5):1655-1662.
杨顶辉.2002.双相各向异性介质中弹性波方程的有限元解法及波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,45(4):575-583.
印兴耀,李超,张世鑫.2013.基于双相介质的地震流体识别[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),37(5):38-43.
王丽萍,顾汉明,李宗杰.2014.塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层贝叶斯叠前反演预测研究[J].石油物探,53(6):270-276.
王者江.2008.基于BISQ机制的三维双相正交介质正演模拟及传播特性研究[D].吉林:吉林大学.
魏修成.2008.含黏滞流体各向异性孔隙介质中弹性波的频散和衰减J].地球物理学报,51(1):213-220.
吴小羊.2010.基于频谱分析技术的频散AVO反演研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学.
张广智,陈怀震,印兴耀,等.2012.基于各向异性AVO的裂缝弹性参数叠前反演方法[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学学报,42(3):845-851.
张显文,王德利,王者江,等.2010.基于BISQ机制三维双相正交裂隙各向异性介质衰减及频散方位特性研究[J].地球物理学报,53(10):2452-2459.
朱培民,王家映,於文辉,等.2001.用纵波AVO数据反演储层裂隙密度参数[J].石油物探,40(2):1-12.
Chapman M.2001.Modelling the wide-band laboratory response of rock samples to fluid pressure changes[Ph.D.thesis].Edinburgh:University of Edinburgh.
Chapman M.2003.Frequency-dependent anisotropy due to mesoscale fractures in the presence of equant porosity[J].Geophysical Prospecting,51(5):369-379.
Du Q,Kong L,Han S.2009.Wavefield propagation characteristics in the fracture-induced anisotropic double-porosity medium[J](in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(4):1049-1058.
Guo Z,Liu C,Yang B et al.2007.Seismic wave fields modeling and feature in viscoelastic anisotropic media[J](in Chinese).Progress in Geophysics.22(3):804-810.
Hudson J A.1980.Overall properties of a cracked solid[J].Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,88:371-384.
Hudson J A.1981.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,64(1):133-150.
Hudson J A,Liu E,Crampin S.1996.The mechanical properties of materials with interconnected cracks and pores[J].Geophysical Journal International,124(1):105-112.
Lan H.2014.Wave Field Modeling in Fractured Porous Media and Frequency-dependent AVO Reservoir Parameters[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
Li C,Yin X,Zhang G,et al.2015.Prestack AVA inversion for pore fluid modulus based on the Bayesian theory[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,54(4):467-476.
Liu C,Liu Y,Feng X,et al.2012.Constructing the convex quadratic function for the evaluation of crack density of HTI media using P-and converted waves[J](in Chinese).Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,9(6):729-735.
Liu C,Liu Y,Feng X,et al.2013.Invert crack density of HTI media by using SVD based on PP-wave AVA data from crossing seismic survey lines[J](in Chinese).Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),43(5):1655-1662.
Liu X,Dong N,Liu Y,et al.2015.Progress on frequency-dependent AVAZ inversion for characterization of fractured porous media[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,54(2):210-217.
Pointer T,Liu E,Hudson J A.2000.Seismic wave propagation in cracked porous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,142(1):199-231.
Rüger A.1997.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,62(3):713-722.
Rüger A.1998 Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,63(3):935-947.
Schoenberg M.1980.Elastic wave behavior across linear slip interfaces[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,68:1516-1521.
Sothcott J,McC ann C,O’Hara S G.2000.The influence of two different pore fluids on the acoustic properties of reservoir sandstones at sonic and ultrasonic frequencies[A].70th SEG Meeting,Calgary,Canada,Expanded Abstracts[C],1883-1886.
Thomsen L.1995.Elastic anisotropy due to aligned cracks in porous rock[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(3),805-829.
Van der Kolk C M,Guest W S,Potters J H H M.2001.The 3D shear experiment over the Natih field in Oman:the effect of fracture filling fluids on shear propagation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,49(2),179-197.
Wang L,Gu H,Li Z et al.2014.The prestack Bayesian inversion prediction study of Ordovician fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum.53(6):270-276.
Wang Z.2008.A study of numerical simulation and propagation characteristics for 3D two phase orthotropic medium based on the BISQ mechanism[D](in Chinese).Jilin:Jilin University.
Wei X,Lu M,Ba J et al.2008.Dispersion and attenuation of elastic waves in a viscous fluid-saturated anisotropic porous solid[J](in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1):213-220.
Wu X.2010.Frequency dependent AVO inversion using spectral decomposition techniques[D](in Chinese).Wuhan:China University of Geosciences.
Yang D.2002.Finite element method of the elastic wave equation and wavefield simulation in two-phase anisotropic media[J].(in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(4):575-583.
Yin X,Li C,Zhang S.2013.Seismic fluid discrimination based on twophase theory[J].(in Chinese).Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2013,37(5):38-43.
Zhang G,Chen H,Yin X et al.2012.Method of fracture elastic parameter inversion based on anisotropic AVO[J](in Chinese).Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)42(3):845-851.
Zhang X,Wang D,Wang Z et al.2010.The study on azimuth characteristics of attenuation and dispersion in 3D two-phase orthotropic crack medium based on BISQ mechanism[J](in Chinese).Chinese Journal of Geophysics.53(10):2452-2459.
Zhu P,Wang J,Yu W et al.2001.Inverting reservoir fracture density using P-wave AVO data.[J](in Chinese).Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum.40(2):1-12.
杜启振,孔丽云,韩世春.2009.裂缝诱导各向异性双孔隙介质波场传播特征[J].地球物理学报,52(4):1049-1058.
兰慧田.2014.裂缝孔隙介质波场模拟与频变AVO储层参数反演[D].长春:吉林大学.
郭智奇,刘财,杨宝俊,等.2007.粘弹各向异性介质中地震波场模拟与特征[J].地球物理学进展,22(3):804-810.
李超,印兴耀,张广智,等.2015.基于贝叶斯理论的孔隙流体模量叠前AVA反演[J].石油物探,54(4):467-476.
刘喜武,董宁,刘宇巍.2015.裂缝性孔隙介质频变AVAZ反演方法研究进展[J].石油物探,54(2):210-217.
刘财,刘宇巍,冯晅,等.2013.基于方位相交的纵波AVA数据运用SVD反演HIT介质裂缝密度[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),43(5):1655-1662.
杨顶辉.2002.双相各向异性介质中弹性波方程的有限元解法及波场模拟[J].地球物理学报,45(4):575-583.
印兴耀,李超,张世鑫.2013.基于双相介质的地震流体识别[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),37(5):38-43.
王丽萍,顾汉明,李宗杰.2014.塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层贝叶斯叠前反演预测研究[J].石油物探,53(6):270-276.
王者江.2008.基于BISQ机制的三维双相正交介质正演模拟及传播特性研究[D].吉林:吉林大学.
魏修成.2008.含黏滞流体各向异性孔隙介质中弹性波的频散和衰减J].地球物理学报,51(1):213-220.
吴小羊.2010.基于频谱分析技术的频散AVO反演研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学.
张广智,陈怀震,印兴耀,等.2012.基于各向异性AVO的裂缝弹性参数叠前反演方法[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学学报,42(3):845-851.
张显文,王德利,王者江,等.2010.基于BISQ机制三维双相正交裂隙各向异性介质衰减及频散方位特性研究[J].地球物理学报,53(10):2452-2459.
朱培民,王家映,於文辉,等.2001.用纵波AVO数据反演储层裂隙密度参数[J].石油物探,40(2):1-12.