基于简化模型的B柱抗弯性能优化
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摘要
B柱作为汽车侧面碰撞中主要受力构件,其抗弯性能设计在汽车侧围耐撞性研究中尤为重要.在B柱耐撞性优化设计中,其结构的复杂性给试验与仿真模型参数的修改增加难度和成本.针对上述问题,选取某微型车B柱为研究对象将其简化为带有加强板的单帽梁,通过准静态三点弯曲试验验证简化模型的精度.随后以单帽梁加强板、内板、外板及加强板到外板的距离为设计变量,以平均加载力和质量为设计目标,运用响应面近似模型方法构建近似模型,用NSGA-Ⅱ进行优化,得到设计目标的Pareto前沿.最终B柱平均加载力增加7.165%,质量减轻4.985%,抗弯性能显著提高,同时满足轻量化要求.
As the main force-bearing component in the side impact of automobiles, the bending performance design of B-pillar is especially important in the study of the side impact resistance of automobiles. In the optimization design of B-pillar crashworthiness, the complexity of its structure increases the difficulty and cost to modify the parameters of test and simulation models. In order to solve the above problems, a mini-car B-pillar was selected as the research object to simplify it into a single cap beam with a reinforcing plate, and the accuracy of the simplified model was verified through quasi-static three-point bending test. Afterwards, with the design variables of single cap beam reinforcement plate, inner plate, outer plate and distance from the reinforcement plate, taking the average loading force and mass as design objectives, the response surface approximation model method was used to build an approximation model, and the Pareto front of the design objective was obtained by optimizing with NSGA-II. Finally, the average loading force of the final B-pillar increased by 7.165%, the mass decreased by 4.985%, and the bending performance was significantly improved, while meets the weight reduction requirement.
As the main force-bearing component in the side impact of automobiles, the bending performance design of B-pillar is especially important in the study of the side impact resistance of automobiles. In the optimization design of B-pillar crashworthiness, the complexity of its structure increases the difficulty and cost to modify the parameters of test and simulation models. In order to solve the above problems, a mini-car B-pillar was selected as the research object to simplify it into a single cap beam with a reinforcing plate, and the accuracy of the simplified model was verified through quasi-static three-point bending test. Afterwards, with the design variables of single cap beam reinforcement plate, inner plate, outer plate and distance from the reinforcement plate, taking the average loading force and mass as design objectives, the response surface approximation model method was used to build an approximation model, and the Pareto front of the design objective was obtained by optimizing with NSGA-II. Finally, the average loading force of the final B-pillar increased by 7.165%, the mass decreased by 4.985%, and the bending performance was significantly improved, while meets the weight reduction requirement.
引文
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[2] 谭耀武.轿车侧面碰撞中B柱的耐撞性优化设计研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.
[3] 曲晓庆,胡丽娟,乔鑫.基于C-NCAP某车侧面碰撞分析优化[C].2015中国汽车工程学会年会,上海,2015.
[4] 莫易敏,谢业军,徐芳,等.基于正交试验法的B柱抗弯性能研究与优化[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2017,41(3):385-390.
[5] 徐增密,刘立忠,申国哲.基于响应面和Kriging代理模型的汽车B柱优化设计[J].汽车技术,2012(4):39-43.
[6] 汤春球,袁友利,莫易敏,等.基于拉丁超立方抽样的薄壁梁抗弯性能研究[J].汽车技术,2017(5):30-35.
[7] VINING G G, KOWALSKI S M, MONTGOMERY D C. Response surface designs within a split-plot structure[J].Journal of Quality Technology, 2005,37(4):79-80.
[8] 侯淑娟.薄壁构件的抗撞性优化设计[D].长沙:湖南大学,2007.