生物炭固定化石油降解菌剂的制备
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摘要
以前期筛选的高效石油烃降解菌多食鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium multivorum)为目标微生物,选择多种生物质材料(松针、玉米芯、草)为前体物制备生物炭载体,采用吸附法制备固定化石油降解菌剂,探索获得较高除油效果菌剂的制备条件。结果表明:以松针及其生物炭为载体的菌剂除油效果优于玉米芯系列和草系列;以生物炭为载体的菌剂除油效果优于以其前体物为载体的菌剂。由于玉米芯易在当地大量低成本获得,考察了玉米芯炭固定化菌剂的制备条件:300℃热解玉米芯4 h,以粒径>200目的玉米芯炭为载体,投加量为1 g/100 m L的固定化培养基,菌接种量为5%,固定时间为18 h,转速160 r/min,温度30℃,离心后沉淀用无菌生理盐水清洗2次获得菌剂。该菌剂对5 g/L原油培养基的周除油率是47.6%~50.7%;菌剂含降解菌5.8×109CFU/g,吸附法对菌的固定效率为80.7%,降解菌主要附着区域为玉米芯炭表面及孔。该菌剂可为进一步修复油田石油污染土壤提供技术支撑。
引文
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[2]王绍良,郑立,崔志松,等.固定化微生物技术在海洋溢油生物修复中的应用[J].海洋科学,2011,35(12):127-131.
[3]司友斌,彭军.固定化微生物技术及其在污染土壤修复中的应用[J].土壤,2007,39(5):673-676.
[4]Wang Z Y,Xu Y,Wang H Y,et al.Biodegradation of crude oil in contaminated soils by free and immobilized microorganisms[J].Pedosphere,2012,22(5):717-725.
[5]Xu Y H,Lu M.Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil:comparison of different biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,183(1/2/3):395-401.
[6]包木太,田艳敏,陈庆国.海藻酸钠包埋固定化微生物处理含油废水研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(2):167-172.
[7]Barreto R,Hissa D C,Paes F A,et al.New approach for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation using bacterial spores entrapped in chitosan beads[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(7):2121-2125.
[8]余丽,蒋文天,杨旭,等.生物菌剂对海上溢油的降解[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(2):330-334.
[9]Liang Y T,Zhang X,Dai D J,et al.Porous biocarrier-enhanced biodegradation of crude oil contaminated soil[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2009,63(1):80-87.
[10]秦丽姣.固定化石油降解菌的制备及其性能表征[D].东营:中国石油大学,2011.
[11]徐娜娜.石油污染土壤中固定化微生物降解性能研究[D].东营:中国石油大学,2011.
[12]Marris E.Putting the carbon back:black is the new green[J].Nature,2006,442(713):624-626.
[13]Renner R.Rethinking biochar[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(17):5932-5933.
[14]Roberts K G,Gloy B A,Joseph S,et al.Life cycle assessment of biochar systems:estimating the energetic,economic,and climate change potential[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(2):827-833.
[15]孙红文,张彦峰,张闻.生物炭与环境[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[16]唐兴平,程捷,林冠烽,等.竹纤维吸油材料的制备[J].福建林学院学报,2007,27(1):57-60.
[17]Angelova D,Uzunov I,Uzunova S,et al.Kinetics of oil and oil products adsorption by carbonized rice husks[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,172(1):306-311.
[18]Hussein M,Amer A A,Sawsan I I.Oil spill sorption using carbonized pith bagasse:1.Preparation and characterization of carbonized pith bagasse[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2008,82(2):205-211.
[19]王银善.生物碳固定化白腐真菌修复PAHs污染土壤及作用机理[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[20]元妙新.固定化细菌增强修复多环芳烃污染土壤及影响因素[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[21]李超敏,王加宁,邱维忠,等.高效降解石油细菌的分离鉴定及降解能力的研究[J].生物技术,2007,17(4):80-82.
[22]邵娟.固定化微生物降解原油的研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2006.
[23]何丽媛.高效石油降解菌群的构建及其固定化研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
[24]陈甜.山东玉米比较优势与市场竞争力分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[25]Zheng W,Guo M X,Chow T,et al.Sorption properties of greenwaste biochar for two triazine pesticides[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1/2/3):121-126.
[26]Yu Y,Zhang W,Chen G,et al.Preparation of petroleum-degrading bacterial agent and its application in remediation of contaminated soil in Shengli Oil Field,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2014,21(13):7929-7937.
[27]Lehmann J,Joseph S.Biochar for environmental management:science and technology[M].London:Earthscan Ltd,2009.