Rehabilitation following spinal cord injury:how animal models can help our understanding of exercise-induced neuroplasticity
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摘要
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is followed by long and often unsuccessful recovery after trauma. The state of the art approach to manage paralysis and concomitant impairments is rehabilitation, which is the only strategy that has proven to be effective and beneficial for the patients over the last decades. How rehabilitation influences the remodeling of spinal axonal connections in patients is important to understand, in order to better target these changes and define the optimal timing and onset of training. While clinically the answers to these questions remain difficult to obtain, rodent models of rehabilitation like bicycling, treadmill training, swimming, enriched environments or wheel running that mimic clinical rehabilitation can be helpful to reveal the axonal changes underlying motor recovery. This review will focus on the different animal models of spinal cord injury rehabilitation and the underlying changes in neuronal networks that are improved by exercise and rehabilitation.
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is followed by long and often unsuccessful recovery after trauma. The state of the art approach to manage paralysis and concomitant impairments is rehabilitation, which is the only strategy that has proven to be effective and beneficial for the patients over the last decades. How rehabilitation influences the remodeling of spinal axonal connections in patients is important to understand, in order to better target these changes and define the optimal timing and onset of training. While clinically the answers to these questions remain difficult to obtain, rodent models of rehabilitation like bicycling, treadmill training, swimming, enriched environments or wheel running that mimic clinical rehabilitation can be helpful to reveal the axonal changes underlying motor recovery. This review will focus on the different animal models of spinal cord injury rehabilitation and the underlying changes in neuronal networks that are improved by exercise and rehabilitation.
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is followed by long and often unsuccessful recovery after trauma. The state of the art approach to manage paralysis and concomitant impairments is rehabilitation, which is the only strategy that has proven to be effective and beneficial for the patients over the last decades. How rehabilitation influences the remodeling of spinal axonal connections in patients is important to understand, in order to better target these changes and define the optimal timing and onset of training. While clinically the answers to these questions remain difficult to obtain, rodent models of rehabilitation like bicycling, treadmill training, swimming, enriched environments or wheel running that mimic clinical rehabilitation can be helpful to reveal the axonal changes underlying motor recovery. This review will focus on the different animal models of spinal cord injury rehabilitation and the underlying changes in neuronal networks that are improved by exercise and rehabilitation.
引文
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Curt A,Levi AD,Schwab JM(2017)Challenges to translation and the hippocratic oath by premature termination of spinal cord stem cell-based trials.JAMA Neurol 74:635-636.
Engesser-Cesar C,Anderson AJ,Basso DM,Edgerton VR,Cotman CW(2005)Voluntary wheel running improves recovery from a moderate spinal cord injury.J Neurotrauma 22:157-171.
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Filli L,Engmann AK,Zorner B,Weinmann O,Moraitis T,Gullo M,Kasper H,Schneider R,Schwab ME(2014)Bridging the gap:a reticulo-propriospinal detour bypassing an incomplete spinal cord injury.J Neurosci 34:13399-13410.
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Fong AJ,Cai LL,Otoshi CK,Reinkensmeyer DJ,Burdick JW,Roy RR,Edgerton VR(2005)Spinal cord-transected mice learn to step in response to quipazine treatment and robotic training.JNeurosci 25:11738-11747.
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