植酸酶在饲粮中超量添加的研究进展
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摘要
植酸酶作为常规饲料添加剂已经普遍应用于饲粮中,用于分解饲料原料中的植酸,释放磷元素,降低用于提供有效磷的磷酸氢钙或其他原料的使用量。随着研究的深入,发现植酸酶的添加量还远远达不到其应有的功效,超量添加植酸酶可以分解超过90%的植酸,还可以提高蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉及矿物质元素的利用率,提高畜禽的生产性能,降低饲料成本,减少环境污染。
As a conventional feed additive,phytase is mainly used for the degradation of phytate in diets and releasing of phosphorus to reduce the phosphorus from calcium hydrogen phosphate or other phosphorus sources,and has been widely applied to feed industry.Along with the further researches,it was found that the addition amount of phytase was far less than displaying the best effect.Excess phytase can degrade more than90%phytate,also improve the utilization of protein,fat,starch and mineral elements as well as growth performance of livestock and poultry,and reduce feed costs and environmental pollution.
As a conventional feed additive,phytase is mainly used for the degradation of phytate in diets and releasing of phosphorus to reduce the phosphorus from calcium hydrogen phosphate or other phosphorus sources,and has been widely applied to feed industry.Along with the further researches,it was found that the addition amount of phytase was far less than displaying the best effect.Excess phytase can degrade more than90%phytate,also improve the utilization of protein,fat,starch and mineral elements as well as growth performance of livestock and poultry,and reduce feed costs and environmental pollution.
引文
[1]HAEFNER S,KNIETSCH A,SCHOLTEN E,et al.Biotechnological production and applications of phytases[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2005,68(5):588-597.
[2]GREINER R,LIM B L,CHENG C W,et al.Pathway of phytate dephosphorylation byβ-propeller phytases of different origins[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2007,53(4):488-495.
[3]韩进诚,杨晓丹,杨凤霞,等.微生物植酸酶与1~21日龄肉鸡饲粮无机磷当量模型研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(7):907-914.
[4]ZENG Z K,LI Q Y,ZHAO P F,et al.A new Buttiauxella phytase continuously hydrolyzes phytate and improves amino acid digestibility and mineral balance in growing pigs fed phosphorous-deficient diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(2):629-638.
[5]AUGSPURGER N R,WEBEL D M,LEI X G,et al.Efficacy of an E.coli phytase expressed in yeast for releasing phytate-bound phosphorus in young chicks and pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(2):474-483.
[6]SHIRLEY R B,EDWARDS H M Jr.Graded levels of phytase past industry standards improves broiler performance[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(4):671-680.
[7]KIES A K,KEMME P A,SEBEK L B J,et al.Effect of graded doses and a high dose of microbial phytase on the digestibility of various minerals in weaner pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(5):1169-1175.
[8]AUGSPURGER N R,SPENCER J D,WEBEL D M,et al.Pharmacological zinc levels reduce the phosphorus-releasing efficacy of phytase in young pigs and chickens[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(6):1732-1739.
[9]COWIESON A J,PTAK A,MA CKOWIAK P,et al.The effect of microbial phytase and myo-inositol on performance and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens fed wheat/com-based diets[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(8):2124-2134.
[10]STEFANELLO C,VIEIRA S L,SANTIAGO G O,et al.Starch digestibility,energy utilization,and growth performance of broilers fed corn-soybean basal diets supplemented with enzymes[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(10):2472-2479.
[11]WALK C L,SANTOS T T,BEDFORD M R.Influence of superdoses of a novel microbial phytase on growth performance,tibia ash,and gizzard phytate and inositol in young broilers[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(5):1172-1177.
[12]YAMASHITA Y,YAMAOKA M,HASUNUMA T,et al.Detection of orally administered inositol stereoisomers in mouse blood plasma and their effects on translocation of glucose transporter 4 in skeletal muscle cells[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2013,61(20):4850-4854.
[13]YU S K,KVIDTGAARD M F,ISAKSEN M F,et al.Characterization of a mutant Buttiauxella phytase using phytic acid and phytic acid-protein complex as substrates[J].Animal Science Letters,2014,1(1):18-32.
[14]ADEOLA O,LAWRENCE B V,SUTTON A L,et al.Phytase-induced changes in mineral utilization in zincsupplemented diets for pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(11):3384-3391.
[15]ALMEIDA F N,SULABO R C,STEIN H H.Effects of a novel bacterial phytase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae on digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in diets fed to weanling or growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2013,4(1):8.
[16]KIES A K,GERRITS W J J,SCHRAMA J W,et al.Mineral absorption and excretion as affected by microbial phytase,and their effect on energy metabolism in young piglets[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2005,135(5):1131-1138.
[17]SELLE P H,COWIESON A J,COWIESON N P,et al.Protein-phytate interactions in pig and poultry nutrition:a reappraisal[J].Nutrition Research Reviews,2012,25(1):1-17.
[18]RAVINDRAN V,SELLE P H,RAVINDRAN G,et al.Microbial phytase improves performance,apparent metabolizable energy,and ileal amino acid digestibility of broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet[J].Poultry Science,2001,80(3):338-344.
[19]SEBASTIAN S,TOUCHBURN S P,CHAVEZ E R,et al.Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,1996,75(12):1516-1523.
[20]YI Z,KORNEGAY E T,DENBOW D M.Effect of microbial phytase on nitrogen and amino acid digestibility and nitrogen retention of turkey poults fed cornsoybean meal diets[J].Poultry Science,1996,75(8):979-990.
[21]SEBASTIAN S,TOUCHBURN S P,CHAVEZ E R,et al.Apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids in broiler chickens fed a corn-soybean diet supplemented with microbial phytase[J].Poultry Science,1997,76(12):1760-1769.
[22]NAMKUNG H,LEESON S.Effect of phytase enzyme on dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and the ileal digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(9):1317-1319.
[23]SELLE P H,RAVINDRAN V,CALDWELL A,et al.Phytate and phytase:consequences for protein utilisation[J].Nutrition Research Reviews,2000,13(2):255-278.
[24]KIES A K,DE JONGE L H,KEMME P A,et al.Interaction between protein,phytate,and microbial phytase.In vitro studies[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54(5):1753-1758.
[25]ABELSON P H.A potential phosphorus crisis[J].Science,1999,283(5410):2015.
[26]FONTAINE T D,PONS W A,Jr,IRVING G W,Jr.Protein-phytic acid relationship in peanuts and cottonseed[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1946,164(2):487-507.
[27]RIMBACH G,PALLAUF J.The effect of a supplement of microbial phytase on zinc availability[J].Zeitschrift Fur Ernahrungswissenschaft,1992,31(4):269-277.
[28]FARRELL D J,MARTIN E,PREEZ J J D,et al.The beneficial effects of a microbial feed phytase in diets of broiler chickens and ducklings[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1993,69(1/2/3/4/5):278-283.
[29]FARRELL D J,MARTIN E A.Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets.Ⅲ.The addition of inorganic phosphorus and a phytase to duck diets[J].British Poultry Science,1998,39(5):601-611.
[30]RAVINDRAN V,CABAHUG S,RAVINDRAN G,et al.Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal a—mino acid digestibility of feedstuffs for broilers[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(5):699-706.
[31]LEESON S.Recent advances in fat utilization by poultry[M]//FARREL D J.Recent advances in animal nutrition in Australia.Armidale:University of New England,1993:170-181.
[32]THOMPSON L U,YOON J H.Starch digestibility as affected by polyphenols and phytic acid[J].Journal of Food Science,1984,49(4):1228-1229.
[33]THOMPSON L U.Antinutrients and blood glucose[J].Food Technology,1988,42(4):123-131.
[34]SHARMA C B,GOEL M,IRSHAD M.Myoinositol hexaphosphate as a potential inhibitor ofα-amylases[J].Phytochemistry,1978,17(2):201-204.
[35]DESHPANDE S S,CHERYAN M.Effects of phytic acid,divalent cations,and their interactions onα-amylase activity[J].Journal of Food Science,1984,49(2):516-519.
[36]WALK C L,BEDFORD M R,MCELROY A P.Influence of limestone and phytase on broiler performance,gastrointestinal pH,and apparent ileal nutrient digestibility[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(6):1371-1378.
[37]RADCLIFFE J S,ZHANG Z,KORNEGAY E T.The effects of microbial phytase,citric acid,and their interaction in a corn-soybean meal-based diet for weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998,76(7):1880-1886.
[38]NOURMOHAMMADI R,HOSSEINI S M,SARAEE H,et al.Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and pH values of some GI-tract segments of broilers fed on different dietary citric acid and microbial phytase levels[J].American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2011,6(1):1-6.
[39]AKYUREK H,OZDUVEN M L,OKUR A A,et al.The effects of supplementing an organic acid blend and/or microbial phytase to a corn-soybean based diet fed to broiler chickens[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2011,6(3):642-649.
[40]METZLER B U,MOSENTHIN R,BAUMGARTEL T,et al.The effect of dietary phosphorus and calcium level,phytase supplementation,and ileal infusion of pectin on the chemical composition and carbohydrase activity of fecal bacteria and the level of microbial metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(7):1544-1555.
[41]COWIESON A J,ACAMOVIC T,BEDFORD M R.The effects of phytase and phytic acid on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2004,45(1):101-108.
[42]WOYENGO T A,DICKSON T,SANDS J S,et al.Nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs fed phytase-supplemented barley-based diets containing soybean meal or canola meal as a protein source[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2009,63(2):137-148.
[43]PTAK A,BEDFORD M R,SWIATKIEWICZ S,et al.Phytase modulates ileal microbiota and enhances growth performance of the broiler chickens[J].PLoS One,2015,10(3):e0119770.
[44]RAVINDRAN V,SELLE P H,BRYDEN W L.Effects of phytase supplementation,individually and in combination,with glycanase,on the nutritive value of wheat and barley[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(11):1588-1595.
[45]CHOCT M,HUGHES R J,TRIMBLE R P,et al.Nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1995,125(3):485-492.
[46]FRLICH W.Chelating properties of dietary fiber and phytate.The role for mineral availability[M]//FURDA I,BRINE C J.New developments in dietary fiber.New York:Springer,1990:83-93.
[47]YOON J H,THOMPSON L U JENKINS D J.The effect of phytic acid on in vitro rate of starch digestibility and blood glucose response[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1983,38(6):835-842.
[48]BLENNOW A,BAY-SMIDT A M,OLSEN C E,et al.The distribution of covalently bound phosphate in the starch granule in relation to starch crystallinity[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2000,27(3):211-218.
[49]MCBURNEY M I,THOMPSON L U,CUFF D J,et al.Comparison of ileal effluents,dietary fibers,and whole foods in predicting the physiological importance of colonic fermentation[J].The American Journal of Gastroenterology,1988,83(5):536-540.
[2]GREINER R,LIM B L,CHENG C W,et al.Pathway of phytate dephosphorylation byβ-propeller phytases of different origins[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2007,53(4):488-495.
[3]韩进诚,杨晓丹,杨凤霞,等.微生物植酸酶与1~21日龄肉鸡饲粮无机磷当量模型研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(7):907-914.
[4]ZENG Z K,LI Q Y,ZHAO P F,et al.A new Buttiauxella phytase continuously hydrolyzes phytate and improves amino acid digestibility and mineral balance in growing pigs fed phosphorous-deficient diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(2):629-638.
[5]AUGSPURGER N R,WEBEL D M,LEI X G,et al.Efficacy of an E.coli phytase expressed in yeast for releasing phytate-bound phosphorus in young chicks and pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(2):474-483.
[6]SHIRLEY R B,EDWARDS H M Jr.Graded levels of phytase past industry standards improves broiler performance[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(4):671-680.
[7]KIES A K,KEMME P A,SEBEK L B J,et al.Effect of graded doses and a high dose of microbial phytase on the digestibility of various minerals in weaner pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(5):1169-1175.
[8]AUGSPURGER N R,SPENCER J D,WEBEL D M,et al.Pharmacological zinc levels reduce the phosphorus-releasing efficacy of phytase in young pigs and chickens[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(6):1732-1739.
[9]COWIESON A J,PTAK A,MA CKOWIAK P,et al.The effect of microbial phytase and myo-inositol on performance and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens fed wheat/com-based diets[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(8):2124-2134.
[10]STEFANELLO C,VIEIRA S L,SANTIAGO G O,et al.Starch digestibility,energy utilization,and growth performance of broilers fed corn-soybean basal diets supplemented with enzymes[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(10):2472-2479.
[11]WALK C L,SANTOS T T,BEDFORD M R.Influence of superdoses of a novel microbial phytase on growth performance,tibia ash,and gizzard phytate and inositol in young broilers[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(5):1172-1177.
[12]YAMASHITA Y,YAMAOKA M,HASUNUMA T,et al.Detection of orally administered inositol stereoisomers in mouse blood plasma and their effects on translocation of glucose transporter 4 in skeletal muscle cells[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2013,61(20):4850-4854.
[13]YU S K,KVIDTGAARD M F,ISAKSEN M F,et al.Characterization of a mutant Buttiauxella phytase using phytic acid and phytic acid-protein complex as substrates[J].Animal Science Letters,2014,1(1):18-32.
[14]ADEOLA O,LAWRENCE B V,SUTTON A L,et al.Phytase-induced changes in mineral utilization in zincsupplemented diets for pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(11):3384-3391.
[15]ALMEIDA F N,SULABO R C,STEIN H H.Effects of a novel bacterial phytase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae on digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in diets fed to weanling or growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2013,4(1):8.
[16]KIES A K,GERRITS W J J,SCHRAMA J W,et al.Mineral absorption and excretion as affected by microbial phytase,and their effect on energy metabolism in young piglets[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2005,135(5):1131-1138.
[17]SELLE P H,COWIESON A J,COWIESON N P,et al.Protein-phytate interactions in pig and poultry nutrition:a reappraisal[J].Nutrition Research Reviews,2012,25(1):1-17.
[18]RAVINDRAN V,SELLE P H,RAVINDRAN G,et al.Microbial phytase improves performance,apparent metabolizable energy,and ileal amino acid digestibility of broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet[J].Poultry Science,2001,80(3):338-344.
[19]SEBASTIAN S,TOUCHBURN S P,CHAVEZ E R,et al.Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,1996,75(12):1516-1523.
[20]YI Z,KORNEGAY E T,DENBOW D M.Effect of microbial phytase on nitrogen and amino acid digestibility and nitrogen retention of turkey poults fed cornsoybean meal diets[J].Poultry Science,1996,75(8):979-990.
[21]SEBASTIAN S,TOUCHBURN S P,CHAVEZ E R,et al.Apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids in broiler chickens fed a corn-soybean diet supplemented with microbial phytase[J].Poultry Science,1997,76(12):1760-1769.
[22]NAMKUNG H,LEESON S.Effect of phytase enzyme on dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and the ileal digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(9):1317-1319.
[23]SELLE P H,RAVINDRAN V,CALDWELL A,et al.Phytate and phytase:consequences for protein utilisation[J].Nutrition Research Reviews,2000,13(2):255-278.
[24]KIES A K,DE JONGE L H,KEMME P A,et al.Interaction between protein,phytate,and microbial phytase.In vitro studies[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54(5):1753-1758.
[25]ABELSON P H.A potential phosphorus crisis[J].Science,1999,283(5410):2015.
[26]FONTAINE T D,PONS W A,Jr,IRVING G W,Jr.Protein-phytic acid relationship in peanuts and cottonseed[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1946,164(2):487-507.
[27]RIMBACH G,PALLAUF J.The effect of a supplement of microbial phytase on zinc availability[J].Zeitschrift Fur Ernahrungswissenschaft,1992,31(4):269-277.
[28]FARRELL D J,MARTIN E,PREEZ J J D,et al.The beneficial effects of a microbial feed phytase in diets of broiler chickens and ducklings[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1993,69(1/2/3/4/5):278-283.
[29]FARRELL D J,MARTIN E A.Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets.Ⅲ.The addition of inorganic phosphorus and a phytase to duck diets[J].British Poultry Science,1998,39(5):601-611.
[30]RAVINDRAN V,CABAHUG S,RAVINDRAN G,et al.Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal a—mino acid digestibility of feedstuffs for broilers[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(5):699-706.
[31]LEESON S.Recent advances in fat utilization by poultry[M]//FARREL D J.Recent advances in animal nutrition in Australia.Armidale:University of New England,1993:170-181.
[32]THOMPSON L U,YOON J H.Starch digestibility as affected by polyphenols and phytic acid[J].Journal of Food Science,1984,49(4):1228-1229.
[33]THOMPSON L U.Antinutrients and blood glucose[J].Food Technology,1988,42(4):123-131.
[34]SHARMA C B,GOEL M,IRSHAD M.Myoinositol hexaphosphate as a potential inhibitor ofα-amylases[J].Phytochemistry,1978,17(2):201-204.
[35]DESHPANDE S S,CHERYAN M.Effects of phytic acid,divalent cations,and their interactions onα-amylase activity[J].Journal of Food Science,1984,49(2):516-519.
[36]WALK C L,BEDFORD M R,MCELROY A P.Influence of limestone and phytase on broiler performance,gastrointestinal pH,and apparent ileal nutrient digestibility[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(6):1371-1378.
[37]RADCLIFFE J S,ZHANG Z,KORNEGAY E T.The effects of microbial phytase,citric acid,and their interaction in a corn-soybean meal-based diet for weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998,76(7):1880-1886.
[38]NOURMOHAMMADI R,HOSSEINI S M,SARAEE H,et al.Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and pH values of some GI-tract segments of broilers fed on different dietary citric acid and microbial phytase levels[J].American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2011,6(1):1-6.
[39]AKYUREK H,OZDUVEN M L,OKUR A A,et al.The effects of supplementing an organic acid blend and/or microbial phytase to a corn-soybean based diet fed to broiler chickens[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2011,6(3):642-649.
[40]METZLER B U,MOSENTHIN R,BAUMGARTEL T,et al.The effect of dietary phosphorus and calcium level,phytase supplementation,and ileal infusion of pectin on the chemical composition and carbohydrase activity of fecal bacteria and the level of microbial metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(7):1544-1555.
[41]COWIESON A J,ACAMOVIC T,BEDFORD M R.The effects of phytase and phytic acid on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2004,45(1):101-108.
[42]WOYENGO T A,DICKSON T,SANDS J S,et al.Nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs fed phytase-supplemented barley-based diets containing soybean meal or canola meal as a protein source[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2009,63(2):137-148.
[43]PTAK A,BEDFORD M R,SWIATKIEWICZ S,et al.Phytase modulates ileal microbiota and enhances growth performance of the broiler chickens[J].PLoS One,2015,10(3):e0119770.
[44]RAVINDRAN V,SELLE P H,BRYDEN W L.Effects of phytase supplementation,individually and in combination,with glycanase,on the nutritive value of wheat and barley[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(11):1588-1595.
[45]CHOCT M,HUGHES R J,TRIMBLE R P,et al.Nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1995,125(3):485-492.
[46]FRLICH W.Chelating properties of dietary fiber and phytate.The role for mineral availability[M]//FURDA I,BRINE C J.New developments in dietary fiber.New York:Springer,1990:83-93.
[47]YOON J H,THOMPSON L U JENKINS D J.The effect of phytic acid on in vitro rate of starch digestibility and blood glucose response[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1983,38(6):835-842.
[48]BLENNOW A,BAY-SMIDT A M,OLSEN C E,et al.The distribution of covalently bound phosphate in the starch granule in relation to starch crystallinity[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2000,27(3):211-218.
[49]MCBURNEY M I,THOMPSON L U,CUFF D J,et al.Comparison of ileal effluents,dietary fibers,and whole foods in predicting the physiological importance of colonic fermentation[J].The American Journal of Gastroenterology,1988,83(5):536-540.