用随机化分枝抽样法估测猴耳环人工林的冠层生物量
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摘要
为了引入更简便的估测猴耳环人工林冠层生物量的,针对广东省惠州市惠阳区一片猴耳环人工林冠层生物量估测,本研究首次引进、介绍了一种高效而非破坏性的无偏估计取样策略——随机化分枝抽样法(randomized branch sampling, RBS),提出并测试了"辅助变量功能系数(以Z表示)"便于计算RBS的选择概率。结果表明,以枝条基径作为冠层生物量RBS估测的辅助变量是合适的,其功能系数取Z=2 (即基径的平方)时估测效果最佳,树木个体的三级分枝数量越多RBS的估测方差越大,两者呈显著正相关关系(r=0.639 3,p=0.000 6),这就导致年龄较大及枝下高较长、易萌发三级枝条的树木个体冠层生物量估测值产生较大的方差。全路径的估测值与实测值仍存在<3.5%的相对标准误差;4～6条取样路径数的估测值相对标准误差为4.56%～5.45%,能减少约2/3的工作量,可作为猴耳环冠层生物量RBS取样的路径选择范围。RBS确是一种高效的林木生物量取样策略,希望业内对此法产生兴趣并加以应用和验证,以期日后为行业提供一定的参考依据。
In order to introduce a more simple method to estimate the crown biomass of Archidendron clypearia.plantation. This study introduced an efficient and non-destructive samping method, the Randomized Branch Sampling(RBS), as well as proposed and tested a new index namely function coefficient of auxiliary variable(presented by Z) for the better calculation of the selection probability which is essential to conduct RBS. The results showed that diameter at branch base was an appropriate auxilliary variable to be chosen in the conduct of RBS,and optimal results were obtained while its function coefficient of Z value was 2(i. e. the base diameter square).The variances of RBS estimates increased with increasing number of the third order branches from the main stems with a coefficient of correlation of r =0.6393 at p =0.000 6. This caused larger variances of estimates of crown biomass in elder individual trees and those with longer clear bole lengths which tend to prodce more third order branches. RBS crown biomass estimates with all possible paths selected recorded a relative standard error <3.5%,not theoretically zero but acceptable. Selection of 4～6 paths produced 4.56%～5.45% of relative standard errors of the RBS estimates, and reduced 2/3 working load approximately. This sampling method might appear to be efficient in obtaining precise estimates of the crown biomass of A. clypearia plantation, and worth trying and testing in measurements of tree attributes in the future, so as to provide certain reference basis for the industry in the future.
In order to introduce a more simple method to estimate the crown biomass of Archidendron clypearia.plantation. This study introduced an efficient and non-destructive samping method, the Randomized Branch Sampling(RBS), as well as proposed and tested a new index namely function coefficient of auxiliary variable(presented by Z) for the better calculation of the selection probability which is essential to conduct RBS. The results showed that diameter at branch base was an appropriate auxilliary variable to be chosen in the conduct of RBS,and optimal results were obtained while its function coefficient of Z value was 2(i. e. the base diameter square).The variances of RBS estimates increased with increasing number of the third order branches from the main stems with a coefficient of correlation of r =0.6393 at p =0.000 6. This caused larger variances of estimates of crown biomass in elder individual trees and those with longer clear bole lengths which tend to prodce more third order branches. RBS crown biomass estimates with all possible paths selected recorded a relative standard error <3.5%,not theoretically zero but acceptable. Selection of 4～6 paths produced 4.56%～5.45% of relative standard errors of the RBS estimates, and reduced 2/3 working load approximately. This sampling method might appear to be efficient in obtaining precise estimates of the crown biomass of A. clypearia plantation, and worth trying and testing in measurements of tree attributes in the future, so as to provide certain reference basis for the industry in the future.
引文
Cade B.S.,1997,Comparison of tree basal area and canopy cover in habitat models:subalpine forest,J.Wildlife Manage.,61(2):326-335
Cancino J.,and Saborowski J.,2007,Improving RBS estimates-effects of the auxil iary variables,stratification of the crown,and deletion of segments on the precision of estimates,Journal of Forest Science,53(7):320-333
Chhetri P.B.,Katwal S.,Dukpa T.,Drukgyel S.,and Gregoire T.G.,2016,The randomized branch sampling-A cost effective estimation method of above ground biomass,Indian Forester,142(1):47-61
Chirici G.,Puletti N.,Salvati R.,Arbi F.,Zolli C.,and Corona P.,2014,Is randomized branch sampling suitable to assess wood volume of temperate broadleaved old-growth forests?Forest Ecology&Management,312:225-230
Dobbs C.,Hernández J.,and Escobedo.,2011,Above ground biomass and leaf area models based on a non destructive method for urban trees of two communes in Central Chile,BOSQUE,32(3):287-296
Ducey M.J.,Zarin D.J.,Vasconcelos S.S.,and Araujo M.M.,2009,Biomass equations for forest regrowth in the eastern Amazon using randomized branch sampling,Acta Amazonica,39(2):349-360
Evans A.M.,and Gregoire T.G.,2007,The tree crown distribution of hemlock woolly adelgid,Adelges tsugae(Hem.,Adelgidae)from randomized branch sampling,J.Appl.Entomol.,131(1):26-33
Gove J.H.,Ducey M.J.,and Valentine H.T.,2002,Multistage point relascope and randomized branch sampling for downed Coarse woody debris estimation,Forest Ecol.Manag.,155(1-3):153-162
Gregoire T.G.,and Valentine H.T.,1996,Sampling methods to estimate stem length and surface area of tropical tree species,Forest Ecol.Manag.,83(3):229-235
Gregoire T.G.,Valentine H.T.,and Furnival G.M.,1995,Sampling methods to estimate foliage and other characteristics of individual trees,Ecology,76(4):1181-1194
Hietz P.,Eckmullner O.,and Sterba H.,2010,Leaf area of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)from different stands in eastern Austria studied by randomized branch sampling,European Journal of Forest Resources,129:401-408
Horvitz D.G.,and Thompson D.J.,1952,A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe,J.Am.Stat.Assoc.,47(260):663-685
Jin W.Y.,Wang C.Y.,Ma X.Y.,Li M.,Zou G.G.,Chen Z.X.and Huang S.N.,2018,Developing branch biomass equations for Archidendron clypearia plantations in the Eastern Pearl River Delta of China,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),41(6):1317-1322(金文云,王彩云,马星宇,李梅,邹国光,陈祖旭,黄世能,2018,珠三角东部猴耳环人工林枝条生物量模型的研建,中药材,41(6):1317-1322)
Poudel K.P.,Temesgen H.,and Gray A.N.,2015,Evaluation of sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass,Forest E-cosystems,2:1-11
Schlecht R.M.,2011,Application of randomized branch sampling to conifer trees:estimating crown biomass,https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/151/
Schlecht R.M.,and Affleck D.L.R.,2014,Branch aggregation and crown allometry condition precision of randomized branch sampling estimators of conifer crown mass,Can.J.Forest Res.,44(5):499-508
Temesgen H.,2003,Evaluation of sampling alternatives to quantify tree leaf area,Can.J.Forest Res.,33:82-95
Valentine H.T.,2002,Randomized branch sampling,In:Encyclopedia of Environmetrics,New Jersey,USA,qq.1682-1684
Valentine H.T.,and Hilton S.J.,1997,Sampling oak foliage by the randomized branch method,Can.J.Forest Res.,7:295-298
Zaki N.A.M.,Latif Z.A.,and Suratman M.N.,2018,Modelling above-ground live trees biomass and carbon stock estimation of tropical lowland Dipterocarp forest:integration of fieldbased and remotely sensed estimates,Int.J.Remote Sens.,39(8):2312-2340
Cancino J.,and Saborowski J.,2007,Improving RBS estimates-effects of the auxil iary variables,stratification of the crown,and deletion of segments on the precision of estimates,Journal of Forest Science,53(7):320-333
Chhetri P.B.,Katwal S.,Dukpa T.,Drukgyel S.,and Gregoire T.G.,2016,The randomized branch sampling-A cost effective estimation method of above ground biomass,Indian Forester,142(1):47-61
Chirici G.,Puletti N.,Salvati R.,Arbi F.,Zolli C.,and Corona P.,2014,Is randomized branch sampling suitable to assess wood volume of temperate broadleaved old-growth forests?Forest Ecology&Management,312:225-230
Dobbs C.,Hernández J.,and Escobedo.,2011,Above ground biomass and leaf area models based on a non destructive method for urban trees of two communes in Central Chile,BOSQUE,32(3):287-296
Ducey M.J.,Zarin D.J.,Vasconcelos S.S.,and Araujo M.M.,2009,Biomass equations for forest regrowth in the eastern Amazon using randomized branch sampling,Acta Amazonica,39(2):349-360
Evans A.M.,and Gregoire T.G.,2007,The tree crown distribution of hemlock woolly adelgid,Adelges tsugae(Hem.,Adelgidae)from randomized branch sampling,J.Appl.Entomol.,131(1):26-33
Gove J.H.,Ducey M.J.,and Valentine H.T.,2002,Multistage point relascope and randomized branch sampling for downed Coarse woody debris estimation,Forest Ecol.Manag.,155(1-3):153-162
Gregoire T.G.,and Valentine H.T.,1996,Sampling methods to estimate stem length and surface area of tropical tree species,Forest Ecol.Manag.,83(3):229-235
Gregoire T.G.,Valentine H.T.,and Furnival G.M.,1995,Sampling methods to estimate foliage and other characteristics of individual trees,Ecology,76(4):1181-1194
Hietz P.,Eckmullner O.,and Sterba H.,2010,Leaf area of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)from different stands in eastern Austria studied by randomized branch sampling,European Journal of Forest Resources,129:401-408
Horvitz D.G.,and Thompson D.J.,1952,A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe,J.Am.Stat.Assoc.,47(260):663-685
Jin W.Y.,Wang C.Y.,Ma X.Y.,Li M.,Zou G.G.,Chen Z.X.and Huang S.N.,2018,Developing branch biomass equations for Archidendron clypearia plantations in the Eastern Pearl River Delta of China,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),41(6):1317-1322(金文云,王彩云,马星宇,李梅,邹国光,陈祖旭,黄世能,2018,珠三角东部猴耳环人工林枝条生物量模型的研建,中药材,41(6):1317-1322)
Poudel K.P.,Temesgen H.,and Gray A.N.,2015,Evaluation of sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass,Forest E-cosystems,2:1-11
Schlecht R.M.,2011,Application of randomized branch sampling to conifer trees:estimating crown biomass,https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/151/
Schlecht R.M.,and Affleck D.L.R.,2014,Branch aggregation and crown allometry condition precision of randomized branch sampling estimators of conifer crown mass,Can.J.Forest Res.,44(5):499-508
Temesgen H.,2003,Evaluation of sampling alternatives to quantify tree leaf area,Can.J.Forest Res.,33:82-95
Valentine H.T.,2002,Randomized branch sampling,In:Encyclopedia of Environmetrics,New Jersey,USA,qq.1682-1684
Valentine H.T.,and Hilton S.J.,1997,Sampling oak foliage by the randomized branch method,Can.J.Forest Res.,7:295-298
Zaki N.A.M.,Latif Z.A.,and Suratman M.N.,2018,Modelling above-ground live trees biomass and carbon stock estimation of tropical lowland Dipterocarp forest:integration of fieldbased and remotely sensed estimates,Int.J.Remote Sens.,39(8):2312-2340