相干布局囚禁原子钟原子气室内部缓冲气体组分的优化
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摘要
频率稳定度是评价相干布局囚禁(CPT)原子钟性能的重要指标,而原子气室内部缓冲气体的种类及其气压比是影响CPT原子钟频率稳定度的主要因素。选用Ar与N_2为缓冲气体,从理论上对其温度频移特性进行仿真分析,并在不同缓冲气体气压比例的条件下实验测量了CPT原子钟的温度频移特性。根据理论与实验结果确定了原子气室内部缓冲气体最佳的比例,并给出了与之对应的最小温度频移工作点。研究结果对设计CPT原子钟原子气室内部的缓冲气体气压比及其工作温度具有借鉴作用。
Frequency stability is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of a coherent population trapping(CPT)atomic clock,and the type and pressure ratios of the buffer gas compositions inside an atomic vapor cell are main factors influencing frequency stability.In this study,the temperature frequency shift caused by buffer gas compositions,i.e.,Ar and N_2,was simulated and analyzed theoretically,and the temperature shifts caused by different pressure ratios of buffer gas compositions were tested experimentally.The optimal ratio of buffer gas compositions in the atomic vapor cell was determined based on the theoretical and experimental results,and the corresponding operation point for the minimum temperature frequency shift was found.The research results provide a valuable reference for selecting the pressure ratio of buffer gas compositions and the operation temperature of the atomic vapor cell for a CPT atomic clock.
Frequency stability is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of a coherent population trapping(CPT)atomic clock,and the type and pressure ratios of the buffer gas compositions inside an atomic vapor cell are main factors influencing frequency stability.In this study,the temperature frequency shift caused by buffer gas compositions,i.e.,Ar and N_2,was simulated and analyzed theoretically,and the temperature shifts caused by different pressure ratios of buffer gas compositions were tested experimentally.The optimal ratio of buffer gas compositions in the atomic vapor cell was determined based on the theoretical and experimental results,and the corresponding operation point for the minimum temperature frequency shift was found.The research results provide a valuable reference for selecting the pressure ratio of buffer gas compositions and the operation temperature of the atomic vapor cell for a CPT atomic clock.
引文
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[4] Wang X M,Meng Y L,Li L,et al.Frequency and intensity noises of probe laser in integrating sphere cold atom clock[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(9):0912001.王秀梅,孟艳玲,李琳,等.积分球冷原子钟的探测光频率和强度噪声[J].中国激光,2017,44(9):0912001.
[5] Knapkiewicz P.Alkali vapor MEMS cells technology toward high-vacuum self-pumping MEMS cell for atomic spectroscopy[J].Micromachines,2018,9:405.
[6] Tang Y,Ren Z M,Li Y C,et al.Fabrication and study of micro alkali-metal vapor cell applied to chip scale atomic clock[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2018,55(4):040201.汤跃,任子明,李云超,等.应用于芯片原子钟的微碱金属气室制备与研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2018,55(4):040201.
[7] Gao Y,Dong H F,Wang X,et al.Combined effect of light intensity and temperature on the magnetic resonance linewidth in alkali vapor cell with buffer gas[J].Chinese Physics B,2017,26(6):067801.
[8] Kroemer E,Abdel Hafiz M,Maurice V,et al.Cs vapor microcells with Ne-He buffer gas mixture for high operation-temperature miniature atomic clocks[J].Optics Express,2015,23(14):18373-18380.
[9] Deng K,Guo T,He D W,et al.Effect of buffer gas ratios on the relationship between cell temperature and frequency shifts of the coherent population trapping resonance[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2008,92(21):211104.
[10] Li Q M,Zhang J H,Zeng X J,et al.Optimized conditionforbuffergasincesiumatomic magnetometer[J]. Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2013,50(7):072802.李庆萌,张军海,曾宪金,等.铯原子磁力仪中缓冲气体的最佳条件研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2013,50(7):072802.
[11] Qu S P,Zhang Y,Gu S H.Dependence of the 85 Rb coherent population trapping resonance characteristic on the pressure of N2buffer gas[J].Chinese Physics B,2013,22(9):099501.
[12] Kozlova O,Guérandel S,de Clercq E.Temperature and pressure shift of the Cs clock transition in the presence of buffer gases:Ne,N2,Ar[J].Physical Review A,2011,83(6):062714.
[13] Zheng H F,Li J,Feng K M,et al.Frequency discrimination for passive hydrogen maser based on single frequency modulation[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(3):0311001.郑贺斐,李晶,冯克明,等.被动型氢原子钟单频调制的鉴频特性研究[J].中国激光,2018,45(3):0311001.
[14] Vanier J,Audoin C.The quantum physics of atomic frequency standards[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,1989:685-686.
[15] Boudot R,Miletic D,Dziuban P,et al.First-order cancellation of the Cs clock frequency temperaturedependence in Ne-Ar buffer gas mixture[J].Optics Express,2011,19(4):3106-3114.