两万年来的中国多年冻土形成演化
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摘要
利用大量的古多年冻土遗迹和古冰缘现象,并佐以古冰川、孢粉及动物化石等资料,重建了20ka以来中国多年冻土演化进程.结果表明,在末次冰期最盛期(LGM,或末次多年冻土最大期LPMax),中国多年冻土面积达到了5.3×10~6～5.4×10~6km~2(现今中国多年冻土面积的3倍多),而全新世大暖期(HMP,或末次多年冻土最小期LPMin),中国多年冻土面积曾缩减至0.80×10~6～0.85×10~6km~2(约为现今中国多年冻土面积的50%).按照古冻土遗迹的年代及分布等特征,在确定LGM和HMP两个主要时段的冻土格局基础上,将20ka以来中国多年冻土演化进程划分为7个阶段:晚更新世LGM(20000～10800a BP)多年冻土强烈扩展,达到LPMax;早全新世气候剧变期(10800至8500～7000a BP)多年冻土较稳定但相对缩减阶段;中全新世HMP(8500～7000至4000～3000a BP)多年冻土强烈退化阶段,多年冻土缩减到LPMin;晚全新世新冰期(4000～3000至1000a BP)冻土扩展阶段;晚全新世中世纪暖期(1000～500a BP)多年冻土相对退化阶段;晚全新世小冰期(LIA, 500～100a BP)冻土相对扩展阶段,以及近代升温期(近百年来)多年冻土持续退化阶段.本文重建了各时段内古气候、古地理环境以及多年冻土分布范围和其他特征.
引文
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