基于PDC法的绝缘老化电缆低频损耗特性分析
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摘要
为实现对10 kV交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆的绝缘老化问题的快速、有效诊断,基于短时极化/去极化电流法(PDC)分析了老化电缆的低频损耗特性,提出了电缆不同类型老化问题的诊断方法。该方法通过模拟电缆实际运行中遇到的老化情况,对实验室短、长电缆进行人工加速老化,基于介电响应理论分析了电缆老化前后极化/去极化电流的低频损耗特性及其不对称现象。同时,为了进一步验证该诊断方法对实际运行老化电缆的评估效果,收集了已知老化状态的退运电缆和现场运行电缆并对其进行了极化/去极化电流测试。研究结果表明:低频介质损耗谱不仅能发现桥接绝缘较长的水树老化缺陷,而且能诊断出绝缘受潮或长度较短的水树;对于集中性缺陷,电缆的极化电流介质损耗因数通常大于去极化电流介质损耗因数;而对于电缆的整体绝缘劣化,其极化电流介质损耗因数却不大于去极化电流介质损耗因数。实验室老化电缆与运行老化电缆的测试结果证实了极化/去极化电流的低频介质损耗谱及其不对称性能够较为准确地反映电缆绝缘不同类型的老化问题。
In order to realize fast and effective diagnosis of the insulation aging problem of 10 kV cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE) cables, we analyzed the low-frequency dielectric loss characteristics of degradation cables based on the short-time polarization and depolarization current(PDC) method, and proposed a diagnosis method of cables for different aging types. According to the cases that the actual operation cables may occur, the short and long cables were manually accelerated aging in the laboratory. Based on the theory of dielectric response, the low-frequency dielectric loss characteristics and the asymmetry of polarization and depolarization current were analyzed for the laboratory cables before and after aging. At the same time, to further verify the effect of this diagnostic method on assessing the actual operation aging cables, the field-aged and in-service cables of which the aging states are known were collected, and the polarization and depolarization current tests were also performed. The results show that the low-frequency dielectric loss spectrum not only can detect the bridging water trees in the cable insulation, but also can diagnose the humidified insulation and the large-but-short water trees in cable insulation. It is not difficult to find that the dielectric loss factor of polarization current is usually greater than the dielectric loss factor of depolarization current for the cables with concentrated defects. And as for the overall insulation degradation, the dielectric loss factor of polarization current is not greater than that of depolarization current. The diagnosis results based on laboratory-aged cables and field-aged cables confirm that the low-frequency dielectric loss spectrum and its asymmetry can accurately reflect the different types of aging of cable insulationn.
In order to realize fast and effective diagnosis of the insulation aging problem of 10 kV cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE) cables, we analyzed the low-frequency dielectric loss characteristics of degradation cables based on the short-time polarization and depolarization current(PDC) method, and proposed a diagnosis method of cables for different aging types. According to the cases that the actual operation cables may occur, the short and long cables were manually accelerated aging in the laboratory. Based on the theory of dielectric response, the low-frequency dielectric loss characteristics and the asymmetry of polarization and depolarization current were analyzed for the laboratory cables before and after aging. At the same time, to further verify the effect of this diagnostic method on assessing the actual operation aging cables, the field-aged and in-service cables of which the aging states are known were collected, and the polarization and depolarization current tests were also performed. The results show that the low-frequency dielectric loss spectrum not only can detect the bridging water trees in the cable insulation, but also can diagnose the humidified insulation and the large-but-short water trees in cable insulation. It is not difficult to find that the dielectric loss factor of polarization current is usually greater than the dielectric loss factor of depolarization current for the cables with concentrated defects. And as for the overall insulation degradation, the dielectric loss factor of polarization current is not greater than that of depolarization current. The diagnosis results based on laboratory-aged cables and field-aged cables confirm that the low-frequency dielectric loss spectrum and its asymmetry can accurately reflect the different types of aging of cable insulationn.
引文
[1]陈涛,魏娜娜,陈守娥,等.交联聚乙烯电力电缆水树产生机理、检测及预防[J].电线电缆,2009(4):1-3.CHEN Tao, WEI Nana, CHEN Shoue, et al. Mechanism, detection andprevention of water treeing in XLPE power cables[J]. Electric Wire&Cable, 2009(4):1-3.
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[4]BOGGS S, DENSLEY J, KUANG J. Mechanism for impulse conver-sion of water trees to electrical trees in XLPE[J]. IEEE Transactions onPower Delivery, 1998, 13(2):310-315.
[5]WALTER S. ZAENGL. Dielectric spectroscopy in time and frequencydomainforHVpowerequipment,partI:theoreticalconsidera-tions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectricsand Electrical Insulation,2003, 19(5):5-19.
[6]ABOUDMA,BULINSKIA,BAMJISS.On-sitediagnosticsofmedium-voltageundergroundcross-linkedpolyethylenecables[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 27(4):34-44.
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[10]YEG,LIH,LIN F,etal.Condition assessmentofXLPEinsulatedcablesbasedonpolarization/depolarizationcurrentmethod[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectrics&ElectricalInsulation,2016,23(2):721-729.
[11]王雅群,尹毅,李旭光,等.等温松弛电流用于10 kV XLPE电缆寿命评估的方法[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(9):33-37.WANGYaqun,YINYi,LIXuguang,etal.Themethodoflifetimeevaluation on 10 kV XLPE cables by isothermal relaxation current[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(9):33-37.
[12]刘刚,金尚儿,梁子鹏,等.基于等温松弛电流法和活化能法的110k VXLPE电缆老化状态评估[J].高电压技术,2016,42(8):2372-2381.LIU Gang, JIN Shang’er, LIANG Zipeng, et al. Aging state assessmentof 110 kV XLPE cable based on isothermal relaxation current methodandactivationenergymethod[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2016,42(8):2372-2381.
[13]张福忠,周凯,谢敏,等.XLPE水树老化电缆介电响应下非线性研究[J].绝缘材料,2018,51(2):51-56.ZHANG Fuzhong, ZHOU Kai, XIE Min, et al. Research of nonlineardielectric response of water tree-aged XLPE cable[J]. Insulating Mate-rials, 2018, 51(2):51-56.
[14]周凯,杨明亮,黄明,等.有机硅修复后水树电缆在电热老化下的电气性能和微观结构变化[J].高电压技术,2017,42(5):1656-1663.ZHOU Kai, YANG Mingliang, HUANG Ming, et al. Changes of elec-trical properties and micro structures of water-tree cables rejuvenatedbysiloxaneduringtheprocessofelectrical-thermalaging[J].HighVoltage Engineering, 2017, 42(5):1656-1663.
[15]ZHOU K, ZHAO W, TAO X. Toward understanding the relationshipbetween insulation recovery and micro structure in water tree degradedXLPE cables[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insu-lation, 2013, 20(6):2135-2142.
[16]BIRKNERP.Fieldexperiencewithacondition-basedmaintenanceprogramof20k VXLPEdistributionsystemusingIRC-analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2004, 19(1):3-8.
[17]BEIGERTM,KRANZHG.Destructionfreeageingdiagnosisofpower cable insulation using the isothermal relaxation current analy-sis[C]∥ConferenceRecordofthe1994IEEEInternationalSymposiumonElectricalInsulation.Pittsburgh,USA:IEEE,1994:17-21.
[18]吴广宁,宋臻杰,杨飞豹,等.基于时域介电谱和去极化电量的变压器油纸绝缘老化特征量研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):195-202.WU Guangning, SONG Zhenjie, YANG Feibao, et al. Study on agingcharacteristicsoftransformeroil-paperinsulationbasedonthetimedomain dielectric spectroscopy and depolarization charge quantity[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(1):195-202.
[19]FARAHANIM,BORSIH,GOCKENBACHE.Dielectricresponsestudiesoninsulatingsystemofhighvoltagerotatingmachines[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2006, 13(2):383-393.
[20]HELGESON A, GAFVERT U. Dielectric response measurements intime and frequency domain on high voltage insulation with differentresponse[C]∥IEEE International Symposium on Electrical InsulatingMaterials.Toyohashi, Japan:IEEE, 1998:393-398.
[21]MOPSIK F I. Relaxation. The quantitative application of time-domaintechniquestodielectrics[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectricsandElectrical Insulation, 2002, 9(5):829-837.
[22]FARAGN,HOLTENS,WAGNERA,etal.Numericaltransfor-mations of wide-range time-and frequency-domain relaxational spec-tra[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 2003,150(2):65-74.
[23]SHAYEGANI A A, GOCKENBACH E, BORSI H, et al. Investigationon the transformation of time domain spectroscopy data to frequencydomaindataforimpregnatedpressboardtoreducemeasurementtime[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2006, 89:11-20.
[24]WERELIUS P, THARNING P, ERIKSSON R. Dielectric spectroscopyfordiagnosisofwatertreedeteriorationinXLPEcables[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectricsandElectricalInsulation,2001,8(1):27-42.
[25]BOLARIN O, PETRI H, MARTTI A, et al. Application of dielectricresponse measurement on power cable systems[J]. IEEE Transactionson Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2003, 10(5):862-873.
[2]ROSS R. Inception and propagation mechanisms of water treeing[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1998, 5(5):660-680.
[3]袁野,陈剑,贾志东,等. 10 kV XLPE电缆受潮绝缘特性研究[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2875-2880.YUANYe,CHENJian,JIAZhidong,etal.Studyaboutinsulatingproperties of 10 kV XLPE damp cable[J]. Power System Technology,2014, 38(10):2875-2880.
[4]BOGGS S, DENSLEY J, KUANG J. Mechanism for impulse conver-sion of water trees to electrical trees in XLPE[J]. IEEE Transactions onPower Delivery, 1998, 13(2):310-315.
[5]WALTER S. ZAENGL. Dielectric spectroscopy in time and frequencydomainforHVpowerequipment,partI:theoreticalconsidera-tions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectricsand Electrical Insulation,2003, 19(5):5-19.
[6]ABOUDMA,BULINSKIA,BAMJISS.On-sitediagnosticsofmedium-voltageundergroundcross-linkedpolyethylenecables[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 27(4):34-44.
[7]OYEGOKEB,BIRTWHISTLED,LYALLJ.Newtechniquesfordetermining condition of XLPE cable insulation from polarization anddepolarization current measurements[C]∥IEEE International Confer-ence on Solid Dielectrics. Winchester, UK:IEEE, 2007:150-153.
[8]OYEGOKE B, BIRTWHISTLE D, LYALL J. Condition assessment ofXLPE cable insulation using short-time polarisation and depolarisationcurrentmeasurements[J].IETScienceMeasurement&Technology,2008, 2(1):25-31.
[9]KUSCHELM,KRYSZAKB,KALKNERW.Investigationofthenon-linear'dielectric response of water tree-aged XLPE cables in thetimeandfrequencydomain[C]∥IEEEInternationalConferenceonConductionandBreakdowninSolidDielectrics.Vasteras,Sweden:IEEE, 1998:85-88.
[10]YEG,LIH,LIN F,etal.Condition assessmentofXLPEinsulatedcablesbasedonpolarization/depolarizationcurrentmethod[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectrics&ElectricalInsulation,2016,23(2):721-729.
[11]王雅群,尹毅,李旭光,等.等温松弛电流用于10 kV XLPE电缆寿命评估的方法[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(9):33-37.WANGYaqun,YINYi,LIXuguang,etal.Themethodoflifetimeevaluation on 10 kV XLPE cables by isothermal relaxation current[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(9):33-37.
[12]刘刚,金尚儿,梁子鹏,等.基于等温松弛电流法和活化能法的110k VXLPE电缆老化状态评估[J].高电压技术,2016,42(8):2372-2381.LIU Gang, JIN Shang’er, LIANG Zipeng, et al. Aging state assessmentof 110 kV XLPE cable based on isothermal relaxation current methodandactivationenergymethod[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2016,42(8):2372-2381.
[13]张福忠,周凯,谢敏,等.XLPE水树老化电缆介电响应下非线性研究[J].绝缘材料,2018,51(2):51-56.ZHANG Fuzhong, ZHOU Kai, XIE Min, et al. Research of nonlineardielectric response of water tree-aged XLPE cable[J]. Insulating Mate-rials, 2018, 51(2):51-56.
[14]周凯,杨明亮,黄明,等.有机硅修复后水树电缆在电热老化下的电气性能和微观结构变化[J].高电压技术,2017,42(5):1656-1663.ZHOU Kai, YANG Mingliang, HUANG Ming, et al. Changes of elec-trical properties and micro structures of water-tree cables rejuvenatedbysiloxaneduringtheprocessofelectrical-thermalaging[J].HighVoltage Engineering, 2017, 42(5):1656-1663.
[15]ZHOU K, ZHAO W, TAO X. Toward understanding the relationshipbetween insulation recovery and micro structure in water tree degradedXLPE cables[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insu-lation, 2013, 20(6):2135-2142.
[16]BIRKNERP.Fieldexperiencewithacondition-basedmaintenanceprogramof20k VXLPEdistributionsystemusingIRC-analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2004, 19(1):3-8.
[17]BEIGERTM,KRANZHG.Destructionfreeageingdiagnosisofpower cable insulation using the isothermal relaxation current analy-sis[C]∥ConferenceRecordofthe1994IEEEInternationalSymposiumonElectricalInsulation.Pittsburgh,USA:IEEE,1994:17-21.
[18]吴广宁,宋臻杰,杨飞豹,等.基于时域介电谱和去极化电量的变压器油纸绝缘老化特征量研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):195-202.WU Guangning, SONG Zhenjie, YANG Feibao, et al. Study on agingcharacteristicsoftransformeroil-paperinsulationbasedonthetimedomain dielectric spectroscopy and depolarization charge quantity[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(1):195-202.
[19]FARAHANIM,BORSIH,GOCKENBACHE.Dielectricresponsestudiesoninsulatingsystemofhighvoltagerotatingmachines[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2006, 13(2):383-393.
[20]HELGESON A, GAFVERT U. Dielectric response measurements intime and frequency domain on high voltage insulation with differentresponse[C]∥IEEE International Symposium on Electrical InsulatingMaterials.Toyohashi, Japan:IEEE, 1998:393-398.
[21]MOPSIK F I. Relaxation. The quantitative application of time-domaintechniquestodielectrics[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectricsandElectrical Insulation, 2002, 9(5):829-837.
[22]FARAGN,HOLTENS,WAGNERA,etal.Numericaltransfor-mations of wide-range time-and frequency-domain relaxational spec-tra[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 2003,150(2):65-74.
[23]SHAYEGANI A A, GOCKENBACH E, BORSI H, et al. Investigationon the transformation of time domain spectroscopy data to frequencydomaindataforimpregnatedpressboardtoreducemeasurementtime[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2006, 89:11-20.
[24]WERELIUS P, THARNING P, ERIKSSON R. Dielectric spectroscopyfordiagnosisofwatertreedeteriorationinXLPEcables[J].IEEETransactionsonDielectricsandElectricalInsulation,2001,8(1):27-42.
[25]BOLARIN O, PETRI H, MARTTI A, et al. Application of dielectricresponse measurement on power cable systems[J]. IEEE Transactionson Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2003, 10(5):862-873.