诱导型神经干细胞移植抑制颅脑创伤后补体活化的影响
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摘要
目的研究诱导型神经干细胞(iNSCs)移植对颅脑创伤(TBI)后补体活化的影响。方法采用自由落体脑打击装置制备雄性成年C57BL/6小鼠TBI模型,将30只神经功能缺损评分(NSS)为4～8分的小鼠纳入TBI组,按照随机数字表法选取10只用于制备TBI小鼠血清和热灭活TBI小鼠血清,余下20只按照按照随机数字表法分为:iNSCs移植组(10只)和磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)处理组(10只)。同时设置假手术(sham)组(10只)。于TBI后12 h,分别将含5×106个iNSCs单细胞悬液或等体积PBS经尾静脉注射到TBI小鼠体内,于移植后7 d处死动物,取脑组织行双重免疫荧光染色,观察iNSCs移植对TBI小鼠脑内C3d和NeuN抗体双阳性、C5b-9和NeuN抗体双阳性、C3d和Map2抗体双阳性以及C5b-9和Map2抗体双阳性的神经细胞的影响。于TBI后12 h,制备TBI小鼠血清和热灭活TBI小鼠血清,分别处理iNSCs后用流式细胞仪检测iNSCs表达补体调节分子Crry、Cd46、Cd59a和Cd55水平。结果双重免疫荧光染色示:相比sham组,TBI小鼠脑组织中明显可见C3d和C5b-9沉积于NeuN和Map2抗体阳性的神经细胞;相比PBS处理组,iNSCs移植组TBI小鼠脑内C3d和NeuN抗体双阳性、C5b-9和NeuN抗体双阳性、C3d和Map2抗体双阳性以及C5b-9和Map2抗体双阳性的神经细胞数量均明显下降,2组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。流式细胞仪检测示:相比热灭活TBI小鼠血清组,TBI小鼠血清组中iNSCs补体调节分子Crry表达水平明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经静脉移植iNSCs可抑制TBI后补体活化,减轻神经损伤。
ObjectiveTo study the effects of grafted induced neural stem cells(iNSCs)on complement activation following traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods Healthy adult male C57BL/6 mouse TBI models were established using a standardized weight-drop device.Neurological severity scores(NSS)of 4-8 points was included in TBI group(n=30).Ten TBI mice serum and heat-inactivated TBI mice serum were selected randomly,and the other 20 mice were randomly divided into iNSCs group(n=10)and phosphate buffer saline(PBS)group(n=10).At 12 h after TBI,mice were anaesthetized again and randomly selected to receive 200μL of cell suspension containing 5×10~6 cells or PBS intravenously.On day 7 after TBI,animals were sacrificed for morphological analysis.Double-labeling experiments were utilized to determine the effects of iNSC grafts on C3d~+/NeuN~+,C5b-9~+/NeuN~+,C3d~+/Map2~+ and C5b-9~+/Map2~+ neurons in the bra ins of TBI mice.To identify the regulatory effects of iNSCs on complement activation,we utilized flow cytometry to determine Crry,Cd46,Cd59a and Cd55 protein expression levels in iNSCs after TBI or heat-inactivated TBI(HI-TBI)mouse serum treatment.Results Double-labelling experiments showed that C3d and C5b-9 immunostaining was detected in the NeuN~+and Map2~+ neurons in the injured cortex.Furthermore,the levels of C3d~+/NeuN~+,C5b-9~+/NeuN~+,C3d~+/Map2~+ and C5b-9~+/Map2~+ neurons were significantly lower in the iNSCs group than in the PBS group(P<0.05).Flow cytometry analysis revealed a dramatic increase in Crry expression in iNSCs in the TBI group compared with the HI-TBI group(P<0.05).ConclusionSystemic administration of iNSCs could efficiently attenuate the detrimental effects of complement activation on neurons following TBI.
ObjectiveTo study the effects of grafted induced neural stem cells(iNSCs)on complement activation following traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods Healthy adult male C57BL/6 mouse TBI models were established using a standardized weight-drop device.Neurological severity scores(NSS)of 4-8 points was included in TBI group(n=30).Ten TBI mice serum and heat-inactivated TBI mice serum were selected randomly,and the other 20 mice were randomly divided into iNSCs group(n=10)and phosphate buffer saline(PBS)group(n=10).At 12 h after TBI,mice were anaesthetized again and randomly selected to receive 200μL of cell suspension containing 5×10~6 cells or PBS intravenously.On day 7 after TBI,animals were sacrificed for morphological analysis.Double-labeling experiments were utilized to determine the effects of iNSC grafts on C3d~+/NeuN~+,C5b-9~+/NeuN~+,C3d~+/Map2~+ and C5b-9~+/Map2~+ neurons in the bra ins of TBI mice.To identify the regulatory effects of iNSCs on complement activation,we utilized flow cytometry to determine Crry,Cd46,Cd59a and Cd55 protein expression levels in iNSCs after TBI or heat-inactivated TBI(HI-TBI)mouse serum treatment.Results Double-labelling experiments showed that C3d and C5b-9 immunostaining was detected in the NeuN~+and Map2~+ neurons in the injured cortex.Furthermore,the levels of C3d~+/NeuN~+,C5b-9~+/NeuN~+,C3d~+/Map2~+ and C5b-9~+/Map2~+ neurons were significantly lower in the iNSCs group than in the PBS group(P<0.05).Flow cytometry analysis revealed a dramatic increase in Crry expression in iNSCs in the TBI group compared with the HI-TBI group(P<0.05).ConclusionSystemic administration of iNSCs could efficiently attenuate the detrimental effects of complement activation on neurons following TBI.
引文
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[7]Gao M,Dong Q,Yao H,et al.Induced neural stem cells modulate microglia activation states via CXCL12/CXCR4signaling[J].Brain Behav Immun,2017,59(1):288-299.
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[10]Holers VM.Complement and its receptors:new insights into human disease[J].Annu Rev Immunol,2014,32(1):433-459.
[11]Amor S,Peferoen LA,Vogel DY,et al.Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases--an update[J].Immunology,2014,142(2):151-166.
[12]Morgan BP,Harris CL.Complement,a target for therapy in inflammatory and degenerative diseases[J].Nat Rev Drug Discov,2015,14(12):857-877.
[13]Hammad A,Westacott L,Zaben M.The role of the complement system in traumatic brain injury:a review[J].J Neuroinflammation,2018,15(1):24.
[14]Brennan FH,Anderson AJ,Taylor SM,et al.Complement activation in the injured central nervous system:another dualedged sword[J].J Neuroinflammation,2012,9(1):137-142.
[15]Stephan AH,Barres BA,Stevens B.The complement system:an unexpected role in synaptic pruning during development and disease[J].Annu Rev Neurosci,2012,35(1):369-389.
[16]Moriyama M,Fukuhara T,Britschgi M,et al.Complement receptor 2 is expressed in neural progenitor cells and regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis[J].J Neurosci,2011,31(11):3981-3989.
[17]Kim H,Mizuno M,Furuhashi K,et al.Rat adipose tissue-derived stem cells attenuate peritoneal injuries in rat zymosan-induced peritonitis accompanied by complement activation[J].Cytotherapy,2014,16(3):357-368.
[18]Rancan M,Morganti-kossmann MC,Barnum SR,et al.Central nervous system-targeted complement inhibition mediates neuroprotection after closed head injury in transgenic mice[J].JCereb Blood Flow Metab,2003,23(9):1070-1074.
[19]Leinhase I,Schmidt OI,Thurman JM,et al.Pharmacological complement inhibition at the C3 convertase level promotes neuronal survival,neuroprotective intracerebral gene expression,and neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury[J].Exp Neurol,2006,199(2):454-464.
[20]Pedersen ED,L覬berg EM,Vege E,et al.In situ deposition of complement in human acute brain ischaemia[J].Scand J Immunol,2009,69(6):555-562.
[21]Miwa T,Zhou L,Hilliard B,et al.Crry,but not CD59 and DAF,is indispensable for murine erythrocyte protection in vivo from spontaneous complement attack[J].Blood,2002,99(10):3707-3716.
[22]Caragine TA,Imai M,Frey AB,et al.Expression of rat complement control protein Crry on tumor cells inhibits rat natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity[J].Blood,2002,100(9):3304-3310.
[2]Ricklin D,Lambris JD.Complement in immune and inflammatory disorders:pathophysiological mechanisms[J].J Immunol,2013190(8):3831-3838.
[3]Orsini F,De Blasio D,Zangari R,et al.Versatility of the complement system in neuroinflammation,neurodegeneration and brain homeostasis[J].Front Cell Neurosci,2014,8:380.
[4]Canova C,Neal JW,Gasque P.Expression of innate immune complement regulators on brain epithelial cells during human bacterial meningitis[J].J Neuroinflammation,2006,3(1):22.
[5]Bellander BM,Singhrao SK,Ohlsson M,et al.Complement activation in the human brain after traumatic head injury[J].JNeurotrauma,2001,18(12):1295-1311.
[6]高谋,徐如祥,王海峰,等.诱导型神经干细胞对颅脑创伤后免疫细胞的影响[J].中华神经创伤外科电子杂志,2017,3(6):355-359.
[7]Gao M,Dong Q,Yao H,et al.Induced neural stem cells modulate microglia activation states via CXCL12/CXCR4signaling[J].Brain Behav Immun,2017,59(1):288-299.
[8]Simon DW,McGeachy MJ,Bayir H,et al.The far-reaching scope of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury[J].Nat Rev Neurol,2017,13(3):171-191.
[9]Carney N,Totten AM,O'reilly C,et al.Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury[J].Neurosurgery,2017,80(1):6-15.
[10]Holers VM.Complement and its receptors:new insights into human disease[J].Annu Rev Immunol,2014,32(1):433-459.
[11]Amor S,Peferoen LA,Vogel DY,et al.Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases--an update[J].Immunology,2014,142(2):151-166.
[12]Morgan BP,Harris CL.Complement,a target for therapy in inflammatory and degenerative diseases[J].Nat Rev Drug Discov,2015,14(12):857-877.
[13]Hammad A,Westacott L,Zaben M.The role of the complement system in traumatic brain injury:a review[J].J Neuroinflammation,2018,15(1):24.
[14]Brennan FH,Anderson AJ,Taylor SM,et al.Complement activation in the injured central nervous system:another dualedged sword[J].J Neuroinflammation,2012,9(1):137-142.
[15]Stephan AH,Barres BA,Stevens B.The complement system:an unexpected role in synaptic pruning during development and disease[J].Annu Rev Neurosci,2012,35(1):369-389.
[16]Moriyama M,Fukuhara T,Britschgi M,et al.Complement receptor 2 is expressed in neural progenitor cells and regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis[J].J Neurosci,2011,31(11):3981-3989.
[17]Kim H,Mizuno M,Furuhashi K,et al.Rat adipose tissue-derived stem cells attenuate peritoneal injuries in rat zymosan-induced peritonitis accompanied by complement activation[J].Cytotherapy,2014,16(3):357-368.
[18]Rancan M,Morganti-kossmann MC,Barnum SR,et al.Central nervous system-targeted complement inhibition mediates neuroprotection after closed head injury in transgenic mice[J].JCereb Blood Flow Metab,2003,23(9):1070-1074.
[19]Leinhase I,Schmidt OI,Thurman JM,et al.Pharmacological complement inhibition at the C3 convertase level promotes neuronal survival,neuroprotective intracerebral gene expression,and neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury[J].Exp Neurol,2006,199(2):454-464.
[20]Pedersen ED,L覬berg EM,Vege E,et al.In situ deposition of complement in human acute brain ischaemia[J].Scand J Immunol,2009,69(6):555-562.
[21]Miwa T,Zhou L,Hilliard B,et al.Crry,but not CD59 and DAF,is indispensable for murine erythrocyte protection in vivo from spontaneous complement attack[J].Blood,2002,99(10):3707-3716.
[22]Caragine TA,Imai M,Frey AB,et al.Expression of rat complement control protein Crry on tumor cells inhibits rat natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity[J].Blood,2002,100(9):3304-3310.