掺铒光纤动态光栅与光纤Bragg光栅Fabry-Perot腔特性研究
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摘要
提出的一种由掺铒光纤动态光栅和光纤Bragg光栅构成的Fabry-Perot腔。通过建立二能级掺铒光纤动态光栅模型,根据半经典相互作用理论和传输矩阵理论,计算出掺铒光纤动态光栅以及该Fabry-Perot腔的透过率和反射率,并分析动态光栅中相干探测场拉比频率、掺铒光纤长度、光纤Bragg光栅的折射率调制深度以及FabryPerot腔的腔长等参数改变时对动态光栅和Fabry-Perot腔反射谱的影响。该Fabry-Perot腔的一个重要性质是其输出光谱可以通过调节探测场的拉比频率、探测场波长等参数进行动态调制。相比于由两个光纤Bragg光栅构成的Fabry-Perot腔,参数可调的系统比参数固定的系统更加灵活,并且能够克服Fabry-Perot腔两端的光纤Bragg光栅不对称的缺点(如不同的Bragg波长、折射率调制深度等),更有利于Fabry-Perot腔的模式选择。该光纤Fabry-Perot腔可以应用于光纤通信的光信号处理或光纤传感领域。
We propose a new type Fabry-Perot cavity based on dynamic grating in Er-doped fiber and fiber Bragg grating.The dynamic grating model is established through two-level system of Er-doped fiber.We calculate the reflection and transmission of the dynamic grating and the Fabry-Perot cavity based on semi-classical interactional theory and transfer matrix method,and analyze the influence of some parameters on reflection spectra of the dynamic grating and Fabry-Perot cavity.An important feature of the proposed Fabry-Perot cavity is that its output spectra can be dynamically tunable by parameters modulation,in which the parameters include Rabi frequency of the coherent probe field in the dynamic grating,the length of the Er-doped fiber,the refractive index modulation depth of the fiber Bragg grating,the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity and so on.Compared with the Fabry-Perot cavity based on two fiber Bragg gratings with fixed parameters,the proposed Fabry-Perot cavity is more flexible,and is more beneficial for mode selection.It can overcome the asymmetrical drawback of the two fiber Bragg gratings in Fabry-Perot cavity(such as different Bragg wavelengths,refractive index modulation depths of Bragg grating).The proposed Fabry-Perot cavity has potential applications in fiber-optic communication and fiber sensors.
We propose a new type Fabry-Perot cavity based on dynamic grating in Er-doped fiber and fiber Bragg grating.The dynamic grating model is established through two-level system of Er-doped fiber.We calculate the reflection and transmission of the dynamic grating and the Fabry-Perot cavity based on semi-classical interactional theory and transfer matrix method,and analyze the influence of some parameters on reflection spectra of the dynamic grating and Fabry-Perot cavity.An important feature of the proposed Fabry-Perot cavity is that its output spectra can be dynamically tunable by parameters modulation,in which the parameters include Rabi frequency of the coherent probe field in the dynamic grating,the length of the Er-doped fiber,the refractive index modulation depth of the fiber Bragg grating,the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity and so on.Compared with the Fabry-Perot cavity based on two fiber Bragg gratings with fixed parameters,the proposed Fabry-Perot cavity is more flexible,and is more beneficial for mode selection.It can overcome the asymmetrical drawback of the two fiber Bragg gratings in Fabry-Perot cavity(such as different Bragg wavelengths,refractive index modulation depths of Bragg grating).The proposed Fabry-Perot cavity has potential applications in fiber-optic communication and fiber sensors.
引文
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[4]Ding X D,Zhang Y M,Song Y M,et al.Response characteristics of pure-quartz-core fiber Bragg grating under high temperature strain[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(11):1106003.丁旭东,张钰民,宋言明,等.纯石英芯光纤光栅高温应变响应特性[J].中国激光,2017,44(11):1106003.
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[8]Stepanov S,Sánchez M P.Amplitude of the dynamic phase gratings in saturable Er-doped fibers[J].Applied Physics B,2011,102(3):601-606.
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[10]Spirin V V,López-Mercado C A,Kinet D,et al.Asingle-longitudinal-mode Brillouin fiber laser passively stabilized at the pump resonance frequency with a dynamic population inversion grating[J].Laser Physics Letters,2013,10(1):015102.
[11]Havstad S A,Fischer B,Willner A E,et al.Loopmirror filters based on saturable-gain or-absorber gratings[J].Optics Letters,1999,24(21):1466-1468.
[12]Xu P,Hu Z L,Jiang N,et al.Transient reflectance spectra of adaptive filters based on dynamic population gratings[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(11):1992-1994.
[13]Fan X Y,He Z Y,Hotate K.Novel distributed fiber-optic strain sensor by localizing dynamic grating in polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber:proposal and theoretical analysis[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2005,44(2):1101-1106.
[14]Stepanov S,Sánchez M P,Hernández E H.Noise in adaptive interferometric fiber sensor based on population dynamic grating in erbium-doped fiber[J].Applied Optics,2016,55(26):7324-7329.
[15]Stepanov S,Cota F P,Quintero A N,et al.Population gratings in rare-earth doped fibers for adaptive detection of laser induced ultra-sound[J].Journal of Holography and Speckle,2009,5(3):303-309.
[16]Stepanov S,Hernández E,Plata M.Two-wave mixing by means of dynamic Bragg gratings recorded by saturation of absorption in erbium-doped fibers[J].Optics Letters,2004,29(12):1327-1329.
[17]Rivera J L,Sánchez M P,Miridonov A,et al.Adaptive Sagnac interferometer with dynamic population grating in saturable rare-earth-doped fiber[J].Optics Express,2013,21(4):4280-4290.
[18]Stepanov S,Sánchez M P.Slow and fast light via two-wave mixing in erbium-doped fibers with saturable absorption[J].Physical Review A,2009,80(5):053830.
[19]Won P C,Lai Y,Zhang W,et al.Distributed temperature measurement using a Fabry-Perot effect based chirped fiber Bragg grating[J].Optics Communications,2006,265(2):494-499.
[20]Guo Z,Gao K,Zhou S L,et al.Time domain crosstalk in fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Pérot interferometric hydrophone array system[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(7):0706001.郭振,高侃,周少玲,等.光栅法布里-珀罗腔干涉型水听器阵列中的时域串扰[J].光学学报,2016,36(7):0706001.
[21]Sun J Q,Yuan X H,Zhang X L,et al.Singlelongitudinal-mode fiber ring laser using fiber gratingbased Fabry-Perot filters and variable saturable absorbers[J].Optics Communications,2006,267(1):177-181.
[22]Chen H Y,Chen C,Chen L L,et al.Response of fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity to pulsed laser injection[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(s1):s105010.陈海燕,陈聪,陈礼林,等.光纤布拉格光栅法布里珀罗腔对脉冲激光入射的响应[J].中国激光,2014,41(s1):s105010.
[23]Qu L,Meng Y,Zhuo Z C,et al.Slow and fast light using fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity[J].OptikInternational Journal for Light and Electron Optics,2014,125(1):260-263.
[24]Desurvir E E.Study of the complex atomic susceptibility of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1990,8(10):1517-1527.
[25]Zhuo Z C,Su X M,Zhang Y S.Gain leveling using electromagnetically induced transparency[J].Physics Letters A,2005,336(1):25-30.
[26]Chen Z R,Su X M.Asymmetrical spectra due to atomic coherence of neighboring excited levels[J].The European Physical Journal D,2013,67(7):138-144.
[27]Gafsi R,El-Sherif M A.Analysis of inducedbirefringence effects on fiber Bragg gratings[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2000,6(3):299-323.
[28]Desurvire E,Zyskind J L,Simpson J R.Spectral gain hole-buring at 1.53μm in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1990,2(4):246-248.
[29]Melle S,Calderón O G,Zhuo Z C,et al.Dynamic population gratings in highly doped erbium fibers[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2011,28(7):1631-1637.
[2]Wang Z Y,Chen C,Shan X N,et al.Simulation of noise characteristics of fiber grating external cavity lasers[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(1):011401.王直圆,陈超,单肖楠,等.光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器噪声特性仿真[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(1):011401.
[3]Sun S Q,Chu F H.Temperature compensation of fiber Bragg grating current sensor based on optimized neural network algorithm[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(10):1006001.孙诗晴,初凤红.基于优化神经网络算法的光纤布拉格光栅电流传感器的温度补偿[J].光学学报,2017,37(10):1006001.
[4]Ding X D,Zhang Y M,Song Y M,et al.Response characteristics of pure-quartz-core fiber Bragg grating under high temperature strain[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(11):1106003.丁旭东,张钰民,宋言明,等.纯石英芯光纤光栅高温应变响应特性[J].中国激光,2017,44(11):1106003.
[5]Frisken S J.Transient Bragg reflection gratings in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers[J].Optics Letters,1992,17(24):1776-1778.
[6]Fischer B,Zyskind J L,Sulhoff J W,et al.Nonlinear wave mixing and induced gratings in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers[J].Optics Letters,1993,18(24):2108-2110.
[7]Stepanov S,Hernández E H.Detection of dynamic population gratings in erbium-doped optical fibers by means of transient fluorescence excited by oscillating interference pattern[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2007,24(6):1262-1267.
[8]Stepanov S,Sánchez M P.Amplitude of the dynamic phase gratings in saturable Er-doped fibers[J].Applied Physics B,2011,102(3):601-606.
[9]Horowitz M,Daisy R,Fischer B,et al.Narrowlinewidth,single mode erbium-doped fibre laser with intracavity wave mixing in saturable absorber[J].Electronics Letters,1994,30(8):648-649.
[10]Spirin V V,López-Mercado C A,Kinet D,et al.Asingle-longitudinal-mode Brillouin fiber laser passively stabilized at the pump resonance frequency with a dynamic population inversion grating[J].Laser Physics Letters,2013,10(1):015102.
[11]Havstad S A,Fischer B,Willner A E,et al.Loopmirror filters based on saturable-gain or-absorber gratings[J].Optics Letters,1999,24(21):1466-1468.
[12]Xu P,Hu Z L,Jiang N,et al.Transient reflectance spectra of adaptive filters based on dynamic population gratings[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(11):1992-1994.
[13]Fan X Y,He Z Y,Hotate K.Novel distributed fiber-optic strain sensor by localizing dynamic grating in polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber:proposal and theoretical analysis[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2005,44(2):1101-1106.
[14]Stepanov S,Sánchez M P,Hernández E H.Noise in adaptive interferometric fiber sensor based on population dynamic grating in erbium-doped fiber[J].Applied Optics,2016,55(26):7324-7329.
[15]Stepanov S,Cota F P,Quintero A N,et al.Population gratings in rare-earth doped fibers for adaptive detection of laser induced ultra-sound[J].Journal of Holography and Speckle,2009,5(3):303-309.
[16]Stepanov S,Hernández E,Plata M.Two-wave mixing by means of dynamic Bragg gratings recorded by saturation of absorption in erbium-doped fibers[J].Optics Letters,2004,29(12):1327-1329.
[17]Rivera J L,Sánchez M P,Miridonov A,et al.Adaptive Sagnac interferometer with dynamic population grating in saturable rare-earth-doped fiber[J].Optics Express,2013,21(4):4280-4290.
[18]Stepanov S,Sánchez M P.Slow and fast light via two-wave mixing in erbium-doped fibers with saturable absorption[J].Physical Review A,2009,80(5):053830.
[19]Won P C,Lai Y,Zhang W,et al.Distributed temperature measurement using a Fabry-Perot effect based chirped fiber Bragg grating[J].Optics Communications,2006,265(2):494-499.
[20]Guo Z,Gao K,Zhou S L,et al.Time domain crosstalk in fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Pérot interferometric hydrophone array system[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(7):0706001.郭振,高侃,周少玲,等.光栅法布里-珀罗腔干涉型水听器阵列中的时域串扰[J].光学学报,2016,36(7):0706001.
[21]Sun J Q,Yuan X H,Zhang X L,et al.Singlelongitudinal-mode fiber ring laser using fiber gratingbased Fabry-Perot filters and variable saturable absorbers[J].Optics Communications,2006,267(1):177-181.
[22]Chen H Y,Chen C,Chen L L,et al.Response of fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity to pulsed laser injection[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(s1):s105010.陈海燕,陈聪,陈礼林,等.光纤布拉格光栅法布里珀罗腔对脉冲激光入射的响应[J].中国激光,2014,41(s1):s105010.
[23]Qu L,Meng Y,Zhuo Z C,et al.Slow and fast light using fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity[J].OptikInternational Journal for Light and Electron Optics,2014,125(1):260-263.
[24]Desurvir E E.Study of the complex atomic susceptibility of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1990,8(10):1517-1527.
[25]Zhuo Z C,Su X M,Zhang Y S.Gain leveling using electromagnetically induced transparency[J].Physics Letters A,2005,336(1):25-30.
[26]Chen Z R,Su X M.Asymmetrical spectra due to atomic coherence of neighboring excited levels[J].The European Physical Journal D,2013,67(7):138-144.
[27]Gafsi R,El-Sherif M A.Analysis of inducedbirefringence effects on fiber Bragg gratings[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2000,6(3):299-323.
[28]Desurvire E,Zyskind J L,Simpson J R.Spectral gain hole-buring at 1.53μm in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1990,2(4):246-248.
[29]Melle S,Calderón O G,Zhuo Z C,et al.Dynamic population gratings in highly doped erbium fibers[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2011,28(7):1631-1637.