隧道洞口段驾驶人眼滞后特性研究
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摘要
为探究在隧道洞口段驾驶员出现视觉滞后对行车安全的影响,在大量调研的基础上建立室内试验模型,开展驾驶人在隧道行车过程中的视觉滞后试验,通过T检验分析数据增量的差异性,提出出现滞后的条件,并分析出现的原因。结果表明:1)进入隧道,当亮度变化速率S趋于350 cd/m~2·s时出现"认知滞后",增加到约为400 cd/m~2·s时出现"调节滞后";驶出隧道,当S趋于400 cd/m~2·s时出现"认知滞后",增加到约为500 cd/m~2·s时出现"调节滞后"。2)出现"认知滞后"时,对行车安全有一定影响;出现"调节滞后"时,对行车安全的影响更大。3)可采用通过减光设施延长驾驶人视觉适应时间、细化照明分级、无极调光等方法减缓亮度变化速率,来有效抑制滞后现象,提高行车安全。
In order to explore the influence of visual lag occurs to drivers in tunnel portal section on driving safety, a laboratory test model is established based on a great deal of tunnel investigation, and the visual lag test is carried out on driver driving in tunnel. And then, the difference of data increment is analyzed by T tests, and the visual lag conditions and causes are analyzed and proposed. The results show that:(1) When driving into the tunnel, the cognition lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches 350 cd/m~2 · s, and the regulation lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches about 400 cd/m~2 · s; while, when driving out of the tunnel, the cognition lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches 400 cd/m~2 · s, and the regulation lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches about 500 cd/m~2 · s.(2) The cognition lag has a certain influence on driving safety, and the regulation lag has more adverse effects on driving safety.(3) Some methods, i.e. extending driver′s visual adaptation time by using dimming facilities, refining lighting grading and stepless dimming, are suggested to slow down the brightness variation rate, avoid the visual lag phenomenon and improve the driving safety.
In order to explore the influence of visual lag occurs to drivers in tunnel portal section on driving safety, a laboratory test model is established based on a great deal of tunnel investigation, and the visual lag test is carried out on driver driving in tunnel. And then, the difference of data increment is analyzed by T tests, and the visual lag conditions and causes are analyzed and proposed. The results show that:(1) When driving into the tunnel, the cognition lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches 350 cd/m~2 · s, and the regulation lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches about 400 cd/m~2 · s; while, when driving out of the tunnel, the cognition lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches 400 cd/m~2 · s, and the regulation lag occurs when brightness variation rate reaches about 500 cd/m~2 · s.(2) The cognition lag has a certain influence on driving safety, and the regulation lag has more adverse effects on driving safety.(3) Some methods, i.e. extending driver′s visual adaptation time by using dimming facilities, refining lighting grading and stepless dimming, are suggested to slow down the brightness variation rate, avoid the visual lag phenomenon and improve the driving safety.
引文
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[15] 梁波,崔璐璐,陈蔚,等.基于S/P值的隧道蓄反光侧壁材料辅助节能照明的光学性能试验研究[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(6):196.LIANG Bo,CUI Lulu,CHEN Wei,et al.S/P value-based optical performance study of light-storing and reflective side wall applied material for auxiliary energy-saving lighting in tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(6):196.
[2] 刘英婴,张青文,胡英奎.LED光源色温对隧道照明入口段和中间段的影响[J].照明工程学报,2013,24(2):30.LIU Yingying,ZHANG Qingwen,HU Yingkui.Effects of colour temperature of LED light source on tunnel lighting[J].China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2013,24(2):30.
[3] 胡江碧,李然,马勇.高速公路隧道入口段照明安全阈值评价方法[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(3):92.HU Jiangbi,LI Ran,MA Yong.Safety threshold evaluation method for expressway tunnel lighting in entrance section[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27(3):92.
[4] 公路隧道照明设计细则:JTG/T D70/2-01—2014[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.Guidelines for design of lighting of highway tunnels :JTG/T D70/2-01-2014[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2014.
[5] 张德钱,洪远泉,周永明.公路隧道照明优化设计与计算方法研究[J].隧道建设,2017,37(7):803.ZHANG Deqian,HONG Yuanquan,ZHOU Yongming.Research of optimization design and calculation method of illumination of highway tunnels[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(7):803.
[6] 艾杰,杨宝林,李玉平.隧道出口减光防眩设计[J].隧道建设,2009,29(1):57.AI Jie,YANG Baolin,LI Yuping.Design of light-weakening and anti-glare structure at tunnel portal[J].Tunnel Construction,2009,29(1):57.
[7] 沈志豪,徐蔚,韩秋漪,等.基于瞳孔光响应的光谱灵敏度模型研究初探[J].照明工程学报,2017,28(6):132.SHEN Zhihao,XU Wei,HAN Qiuyi,et al.Elementary research on spectral sensitivity model based on pupillary light reflex[J].China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2017,28(6):132.
[8] 王少飞,涂耘.我国公路隧道照明技术的发展与创新[J].隧道建设,2010,30(增刊1):199.WANG Shaofei,TU Yun.Development and innovation of highway tunnel lighting technology in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(S1):199.
[9] 潘国兵,梁波,皮宇航,等.基于反应时间的隧道照明缩尺模型集成系统的研制与应用[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(3):26.PAN Guobing,LIANG Bo,PI Yuhang,et al.Development and application of an integrated scale model system of tunnel lighting based on reaction time[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(3):26.
[10] 张青文,陈仲林,胡英奎,等.光源色温对隧道及道路照明视觉功效影响的研究[J].照明工程学报,2008,19(2):24.ZHANG Qingwen,CHEN Zhonglin,HU Yingkui,et al.Study on the influence of lighting source color temperature on visual performance in tunnel and road lighting[J].China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2008,19(2):24.
[11] 袁景玉,史志伟,寇福立.中间视觉条件下高色温光源视觉功效[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(增刊2):247.YUAN Jingyu,SHI Zhiwei,KOU Fuli.Research on visual effect of high color temperature light under mesopic vision condition [J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(S2):247.
[12] ERIC E P,RICHARD N M,OLIVIER R,et al.Pupil influence on the quality of vision in rotationally asymmetric multifocal IOLs with surface-embedded near segment[J].Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery,2017,43(11):1420.
[13] 梁丹.仿人眼光学系统与视觉注视机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.LIANG Dan.Research on biomimetic optical system and visual attention mechanism [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.
[14] 秦慧芳,郭佑民,罗荣辉.基于模糊神经网络的公路隧道照明控制系统研究[J].隧道建设(中英文),2017,37(增刊2):115.QIN Huifang,GUO Youmin,LUO Ronghui.Study of illumination control system of highway tunnel based on fuzzy neural network[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(S2):115.
[15] 梁波,崔璐璐,陈蔚,等.基于S/P值的隧道蓄反光侧壁材料辅助节能照明的光学性能试验研究[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(6):196.LIANG Bo,CUI Lulu,CHEN Wei,et al.S/P value-based optical performance study of light-storing and reflective side wall applied material for auxiliary energy-saving lighting in tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(6):196.