不同生育期转Bt基因棉根系分泌物中氨基酸、有机酸等组分特征
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摘要
通过水培抗虫棉及其亲本棉,研究不同生育期(幼苗期、苗期和花蕾期)棉花根系分泌的有机酸、氨基酸及Bt蛋白等分泌组成特征。结果表明,转Bt基因棉和常规棉根系分泌物的pH随生育期逐渐降低,由幼苗期的碱性(>8.0)转变为花蕾期的弱酸性(<6.8);根系分泌物中水溶性碳、水溶性氮、Bt蛋白、有机酸、氨基酸及可溶性总糖随着生育期的延长显著上升。相同生育时期,两种棉花根系分泌物主要组成成分无差异,但是大多数组分(如水溶性碳、水溶性氮、可溶性总糖、氨基酸、有机酸等)的含量表现为常规棉>转Bt基因棉,且花蕾期差异最显著。甲酸为根系分泌物中有机酸的主要成分,在幼苗期、苗期和花蕾期,转Bt基因棉根分泌物中甲酸分别占有机酸含量的55%、75%、93%;常规棉根系分泌物中甲酸分别占有机酸含量的65%、39%、96%,因此,转Bt基因棉和常规棉甲酸含量差异是引起有机酸差异的主要原因。苏氨酸是根系分泌物中氨基酸的主要成分,在花蕾期,转Bt基因棉和常规棉根系分泌物中苏氨酸含量分别占总氨基酸的42%和36%。与转Bt基因棉相比,常规棉根系分泌物中含有更为丰富的碳、氮源物质。
The component characteristics including organic acids, amino acids and Bt proteins of root exudates at different growth stages(seedling, seedling stage and bud stage) from transgenic Bt cotton and conventional cotton were studied. The results showed that the pH of transgenic Bt cotton and common cotton root exudates decreases gradually in the growth period,from the alkaline in seedling stage(>8.0) to the subacidity of the bud stage(<6.8); The water-soluble carbon,water-soluble nitrogen, Bt proteins, organic acids, amino acids and total soluble sugar were increased significantly with the extension of growth period. At the same growth stages, there were no difference in main components of the two cotton root exudates, but the most root exudates component of conventional cotton(such as the water-soluble carbon, water-soluble nitrogen, total soluble sugars, amino acids, organic acids, etc.) were higher than those in Bt cotton, especially in the bud stage. As the main organic acid in the root exudates, formic acid in transgenic Bt cotton root exudates accounted for 55%, 75% and 93% at the young seedling, seedling and bud stages, respectively, and that in conventional cotton root exudates accounted for 65%,39% and 96%, respectively. Therefore, the content of the formic acids was the main difference in the organic acids between the conventional and transgenic Bt cottons. As one of main amino acids in root exudates, threonine in the transgenic Bt cotton and conventional cotton at the bud stage accounted for 42% and 36%, respectively. Compared to the transgenic Bt cotton, the conventional cotton root exudates could provide more carbon and nitrogen resources for plant growth.
The component characteristics including organic acids, amino acids and Bt proteins of root exudates at different growth stages(seedling, seedling stage and bud stage) from transgenic Bt cotton and conventional cotton were studied. The results showed that the pH of transgenic Bt cotton and common cotton root exudates decreases gradually in the growth period,from the alkaline in seedling stage(>8.0) to the subacidity of the bud stage(<6.8); The water-soluble carbon,water-soluble nitrogen, Bt proteins, organic acids, amino acids and total soluble sugar were increased significantly with the extension of growth period. At the same growth stages, there were no difference in main components of the two cotton root exudates, but the most root exudates component of conventional cotton(such as the water-soluble carbon, water-soluble nitrogen, total soluble sugars, amino acids, organic acids, etc.) were higher than those in Bt cotton, especially in the bud stage. As the main organic acid in the root exudates, formic acid in transgenic Bt cotton root exudates accounted for 55%, 75% and 93% at the young seedling, seedling and bud stages, respectively, and that in conventional cotton root exudates accounted for 65%,39% and 96%, respectively. Therefore, the content of the formic acids was the main difference in the organic acids between the conventional and transgenic Bt cottons. As one of main amino acids in root exudates, threonine in the transgenic Bt cotton and conventional cotton at the bud stage accounted for 42% and 36%, respectively. Compared to the transgenic Bt cotton, the conventional cotton root exudates could provide more carbon and nitrogen resources for plant growth.
引文
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[23]丁志勇,许崇任,王戎疆,等.转Bt基因抗虫棉与常规棉中几种同工酶的比较—转基因植物安全性评价生理指标初探[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):332-336.
[24]阎凤鸣,许崇任,BENGTSSON M,等.转Bt基因棉挥发性气味的化学成分及其对棉铃虫的电生理活性[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(4):425-429.
[2]付庆灵,陈愫惋,胡红青,等.种植转Bt基因棉土壤中Bt蛋白的分布[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1493-1498.
[3]李孝刚,刘标,刘蔸蔸,等.转基因抗虫棉根系分泌物对棉花黄萎病菌生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(1):157-162.
[4]冯洁,陈其煐,石磊岩.棉花幼苗根系分泌物与枯萎病关系的研究[J].棉花学报,1991,3(1):89-96.
[5]DAKORA F D,PHILLIPS D A.Root exudates as mediation acquisition in low-nutrient environments[J].Plant and Soil,2002,321:35-47.
[6]凃书新,吴佳.植物根系分泌物研究方法评述[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2493-2500.
[7]姜存仓,高祥照,王运华,等.不同基因型棉花苗期钾效率差异及其机制的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):781-786.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[9]GRAYSTON S J,WANG S,CAMPBELL C D,et al.Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30:369-378.
[10]王建武,冯远娇,骆世明.转基因作物对土壤生态系统的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):491-494.
[11]刘素萍,王汝贤,张荣,等.根系分泌物中糖和氨基酸对棉花枯萎菌的影响[J].西北农业大学学报,1998,26(6):30-35.
[12]袁虹霞,李洪连,王烨,等.棉花不同抗性品种根系分泌物分析及其对黄萎病菌的影响[J].植物病理学报,2002,32(2):127-131.
[13]吴玉香,沈晓佳,房卫平,等.陆地棉根系分泌物对黄萎病菌生长发育的影响[J].棉花学报,2007,19(4):286-290.
[14]蒋玉蓉,房卫平,祝水金,等.陆地棉植株组织结构和生化代谢与黄萎病抗性的关系[J].作物学报,2005,31(3):37-341.
[15]WU F Z,XUE H,ZHENG W X.Allelopathic effect of root exudates of cucumber cultivars on Fusarium oxysporum[J].Allelopathy Journal,2006,18:163-172.
[16]韩雪,潘凯,吴凤芝.不同抗性黄瓜品种根系分泌物对枯萎病病原菌的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2006(5):13-15.
[17]SAXENA D,FLORES S,STOTZKY G.Insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn[J].Nature,1999,402:480-481.
[18]孙彩霞,张玉兰,缪璐,等.转Bt基因作物种植对土壤养分含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):943-946.
[19]LI X G,ZHANG T L,WANG X X,et al.The composition of root exudates from two different resistant peanut cultivars and their effects on the growth of soil-borne pathogen[J].International Journal of Biological Sciences,2013,9(2):164-173.
[20]耿贵.作物根系分泌物对土壤碳、氮含量、微生物数量和酶活性的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2015.
[21]LI X G,LIU B,HEIA S,et al.The effect of root exudates from two transgenic insect-resistant cotton lines on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum[J].Transgenic Res,2009,18:757-767.
[22]万小羽,梁永超,李忠佩,等.种植转Bt基因抗虫棉对土壤生物学活性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5414-5420.
[23]丁志勇,许崇任,王戎疆,等.转Bt基因抗虫棉与常规棉中几种同工酶的比较—转基因植物安全性评价生理指标初探[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):332-336.
[24]阎凤鸣,许崇任,BENGTSSON M,等.转Bt基因棉挥发性气味的化学成分及其对棉铃虫的电生理活性[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(4):425-429.