直流微电网自适应滑模控制策略
|
摘要
为提高微电网的稳定性,提出一种集自适应观测技术、滑模控制方法、定频PWM技术于一体的新型定频PWM自适应滑模控制策略,可在不需要增加额外传感器/硬件电路的情况下实现对状态变量的快速跟踪和调节,便于直流微电网内微电源和负荷的扩展与即插即用,且简化了滤波器的设计难度。同时,采用非线性复合控制方法在恒功率负载突变的情况下实现对母线电压和系统稳定控制的目标。初始状态的合理选择、变切换面的设计,使得状态变量全程处于滑动模态,并且抖振现象得以减轻。在包含光伏电源、燃料电池、蓄电池、双向Buck/Boost变换器、恒功率负载与阻性负载的直流微电网仿真环境中,验证了所提控制方法的有效性。
In order to improve the stability of microgrid,a novel fixed-frequency PWM-based adaptive sliding mode control strategy is proposed,which combines the adaptive observer technology and sliding mode control method with fixed-frequency PWM-based technology. The proposed strategy is able to quickly track and regulate state variables without any additional sensors/hardware circuits,which is beneficial for the scalability and plug-play of the distributed generators and loads in DC microgrid,and can simplify the design of filters.Moreover,the nonlinear complex control method is adopted to maintain the stability of the bus voltage and the entire system under sudden changes of constant power loads. The reasonable selection of the initial state and design of the switching surface contribute to the state variables operating in sliding mode all the time,and can relieve chattering phenomenon. The DC microgrid simulation environment including photovoltaic,fuel cell,storage battery,bi-directional Buck/Boost converter,constant power load and resistance load verifies the validity of the proposed strategy.
In order to improve the stability of microgrid,a novel fixed-frequency PWM-based adaptive sliding mode control strategy is proposed,which combines the adaptive observer technology and sliding mode control method with fixed-frequency PWM-based technology. The proposed strategy is able to quickly track and regulate state variables without any additional sensors/hardware circuits,which is beneficial for the scalability and plug-play of the distributed generators and loads in DC microgrid,and can simplify the design of filters.Moreover,the nonlinear complex control method is adopted to maintain the stability of the bus voltage and the entire system under sudden changes of constant power loads. The reasonable selection of the initial state and design of the switching surface contribute to the state variables operating in sliding mode all the time,and can relieve chattering phenomenon. The DC microgrid simulation environment including photovoltaic,fuel cell,storage battery,bi-directional Buck/Boost converter,constant power load and resistance load verifies the validity of the proposed strategy.
引文
[1]张丹,王杰.国内微电网项目建设及发展趋势研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):451-458.ZHANG Dan,WANG Jie.Research on construction and development trend of micro-grid in China[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):451-458.
[2]MAHMOUD M S,RAHMAN M S U,FOUAD M A L S.Review of micro-grid architectures-a system of systems perspective[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2015,9(8):1064-1078.
[3]MAGNE P,NAHID-MOBARAKEH B,PIERFEDERICI S.Dynamic consideration of DC microgrids with constant power loads and active damping system-a design method for fault-tolerant stabilizing system[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2014,2(3):562-570.
[4]HAMZEH M,KARIMI H,MOKHTARI H.A new control strategy for a multi-bus MV microgrid under unbalanced conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):2225-2232.
[5]AHMADI R,FERDOWSI M.Improving the performance of a line regulating converter in a converter-dominated DC microgrid system[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2553-2563.
[6]YU K,AI Q,WANG S,et al.Analysis and optimization of droop controller for microgrid system based on small-signal dynamic model[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(2):695-705.
[7]SINGH S,FULWANI D,KUMAR V.Robust sliding-mode control of DC/DC boost converter feeding a constant power load[J].IET Power Electronics,2015,8(7):1230-1237.
[8]杨忠林,查晓明,孙建军,等.基于反馈线性化的直流微电网全局稳定方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(10):10-14.YANG Zhonglin,ZHA Xiaoming,SUN Jianjun,et al.Global stabilization based on feedback linearization for DC micro-grid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(10):10-14.
[9]CUCUZZELLA M,INCREMONA G P,FERRARA A.Design of robust higher order sliding mode control for microgrids[J].IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems,2015,5(3):393-401.
[10]GUDEY S K,GUPTA R.Recursive fast terminal sliding mode control in voltage source inverter for a low-voltage microgrid system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(7):1536-1543.
[11]TAHIM A P N,PAGANO D J,PONCE E.Nonlinear control of DC-DC bidirectional converters in stand-alone DC microgrids[C]∥2012 IEEE 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control(CDC).Maui,Hawaii,USA:IEEE,2012:3068-3073.
[12]BENADERO L,CRISTIANO R,PAGANO D J,et al.Nonlinear analysis of interconnected power converters:a case study[J].IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems,2015,5(3):326-335.
[13]苏小玲,韩民晓,孙海.基于自适应全局滑模控制的微电网稳定控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5534-5541.SU Xiaoling,HAN Minxiao,SUN Hai.Stability control strategy for microgrid based on adaptive total sliding-mode control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5534-5541.
[14]TAN S C,LAI Y M,TSE C K,et al.A fixed-frequency pulse width modulation based quasi-sliding-mode controller for buck converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(6):1379-1392.
[15]LU X,SUN K,GUERRERO J M,et al.Stability enhancement based on virtual impedance for DC microgrids with constant power loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(6):2770-2783.
[16]NOBREGA T A P,PAGANO D J,LENZ E,et al.Modeling and stability analysis of islanded DC microgrids under droop control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(8):4597-4607.
[17]DIAZ N L,DRAGIǒC EVI仵C T,VASQUEZ J C,et al.Intelligent distributed generation and storage units for DC microgrids-a new concept on cooperative control without communications beyond droop control[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2476-2485.
[18]薛贵挺,张焰,祝达康.孤立直流微电网运行控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(3):112-117.XUE Guiting,ZHANG Yan,ZHU Dakang.Operational control strategy of stand-alone DC microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(3):112-117.
[19]GAUTAM A R,SINGH S,FULWANI D.DC bus voltage regulation in the presence of constant power load using sliding mode controlled DC-DC bi-directional converter interfaced storage unit[C]∥2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids(ICDCM).Atlanta,USA:IEEE,2015:257-262.
[20]任丽娜,李江艳,刘福才.风力发电机侧整流器非线性自适应Backstepping控制[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(8):1336-1343.REN Lina,LI Jiangyan,LIU Fucai.Nonlinear adaptive Backstepping control for rectifier in wind generator side[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2014,35(8):1336-1343.
[21]SUBUDHI B,GE S S.Sliding-mode-observer-based adaptive slip ratio control for electric and hybrid vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2012,13(4):1617-1626.
[22]肖烨然,刘刚,宋欣达,等.基于改进滑模观测器的永磁同步电机无位置传感器I/F起动方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(8):95-102.XIAO Yeran,LIU Gang,SONG Xinda,et al.Sensorless I/F startup based on modified sliding mode observer for PMSM[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(8):95-102.
[23]BAEK J,JIN M,HAN S.A new adaptive sliding-mode control scheme for application to robot manipulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(6):3628-3637.
[24]杨小龙,程启明,褚思远,等.孤岛模式下光储直流微电网变功率控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(11):67-81.YANG Xiaolong,CHENG Qiming,ZHU Siyuan,et al.Multi-core parallel progressive optimization algorithm for mid-/long-term generation dispatch of hydropower system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(11):67-81.
[25]HE Y,LUO F L.Design and analysis of adaptive sliding-modelike controller for DC-DC converters[J].IEE ProceedingsElectric Power Applications,2006,153(3):401-410.
[26]VENKATARAMANAN R,SABANOVIC A,CUK S.Sliding mode control of DC-to-DC converters[C]∥Proceedings IECON.SanFrancisco,USA:IEEE,1985:251-258.
[2]MAHMOUD M S,RAHMAN M S U,FOUAD M A L S.Review of micro-grid architectures-a system of systems perspective[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2015,9(8):1064-1078.
[3]MAGNE P,NAHID-MOBARAKEH B,PIERFEDERICI S.Dynamic consideration of DC microgrids with constant power loads and active damping system-a design method for fault-tolerant stabilizing system[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2014,2(3):562-570.
[4]HAMZEH M,KARIMI H,MOKHTARI H.A new control strategy for a multi-bus MV microgrid under unbalanced conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):2225-2232.
[5]AHMADI R,FERDOWSI M.Improving the performance of a line regulating converter in a converter-dominated DC microgrid system[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2553-2563.
[6]YU K,AI Q,WANG S,et al.Analysis and optimization of droop controller for microgrid system based on small-signal dynamic model[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(2):695-705.
[7]SINGH S,FULWANI D,KUMAR V.Robust sliding-mode control of DC/DC boost converter feeding a constant power load[J].IET Power Electronics,2015,8(7):1230-1237.
[8]杨忠林,查晓明,孙建军,等.基于反馈线性化的直流微电网全局稳定方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(10):10-14.YANG Zhonglin,ZHA Xiaoming,SUN Jianjun,et al.Global stabilization based on feedback linearization for DC micro-grid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(10):10-14.
[9]CUCUZZELLA M,INCREMONA G P,FERRARA A.Design of robust higher order sliding mode control for microgrids[J].IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems,2015,5(3):393-401.
[10]GUDEY S K,GUPTA R.Recursive fast terminal sliding mode control in voltage source inverter for a low-voltage microgrid system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(7):1536-1543.
[11]TAHIM A P N,PAGANO D J,PONCE E.Nonlinear control of DC-DC bidirectional converters in stand-alone DC microgrids[C]∥2012 IEEE 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control(CDC).Maui,Hawaii,USA:IEEE,2012:3068-3073.
[12]BENADERO L,CRISTIANO R,PAGANO D J,et al.Nonlinear analysis of interconnected power converters:a case study[J].IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems,2015,5(3):326-335.
[13]苏小玲,韩民晓,孙海.基于自适应全局滑模控制的微电网稳定控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5534-5541.SU Xiaoling,HAN Minxiao,SUN Hai.Stability control strategy for microgrid based on adaptive total sliding-mode control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5534-5541.
[14]TAN S C,LAI Y M,TSE C K,et al.A fixed-frequency pulse width modulation based quasi-sliding-mode controller for buck converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(6):1379-1392.
[15]LU X,SUN K,GUERRERO J M,et al.Stability enhancement based on virtual impedance for DC microgrids with constant power loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(6):2770-2783.
[16]NOBREGA T A P,PAGANO D J,LENZ E,et al.Modeling and stability analysis of islanded DC microgrids under droop control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(8):4597-4607.
[17]DIAZ N L,DRAGIǒC EVI仵C T,VASQUEZ J C,et al.Intelligent distributed generation and storage units for DC microgrids-a new concept on cooperative control without communications beyond droop control[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2476-2485.
[18]薛贵挺,张焰,祝达康.孤立直流微电网运行控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(3):112-117.XUE Guiting,ZHANG Yan,ZHU Dakang.Operational control strategy of stand-alone DC microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(3):112-117.
[19]GAUTAM A R,SINGH S,FULWANI D.DC bus voltage regulation in the presence of constant power load using sliding mode controlled DC-DC bi-directional converter interfaced storage unit[C]∥2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids(ICDCM).Atlanta,USA:IEEE,2015:257-262.
[20]任丽娜,李江艳,刘福才.风力发电机侧整流器非线性自适应Backstepping控制[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(8):1336-1343.REN Lina,LI Jiangyan,LIU Fucai.Nonlinear adaptive Backstepping control for rectifier in wind generator side[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2014,35(8):1336-1343.
[21]SUBUDHI B,GE S S.Sliding-mode-observer-based adaptive slip ratio control for electric and hybrid vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2012,13(4):1617-1626.
[22]肖烨然,刘刚,宋欣达,等.基于改进滑模观测器的永磁同步电机无位置传感器I/F起动方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(8):95-102.XIAO Yeran,LIU Gang,SONG Xinda,et al.Sensorless I/F startup based on modified sliding mode observer for PMSM[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(8):95-102.
[23]BAEK J,JIN M,HAN S.A new adaptive sliding-mode control scheme for application to robot manipulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(6):3628-3637.
[24]杨小龙,程启明,褚思远,等.孤岛模式下光储直流微电网变功率控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(11):67-81.YANG Xiaolong,CHENG Qiming,ZHU Siyuan,et al.Multi-core parallel progressive optimization algorithm for mid-/long-term generation dispatch of hydropower system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(11):67-81.
[25]HE Y,LUO F L.Design and analysis of adaptive sliding-modelike controller for DC-DC converters[J].IEE ProceedingsElectric Power Applications,2006,153(3):401-410.
[26]VENKATARAMANAN R,SABANOVIC A,CUK S.Sliding mode control of DC-to-DC converters[C]∥Proceedings IECON.SanFrancisco,USA:IEEE,1985:251-258.