On the possibility of disk-fed formation in supergiant high-mass X-ray binaries
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摘要
We consider the existence of a neutron star magnetic field by the detected cyclotron lines. We collected data on nine sources of high-mass X-ray binaries with supergiant companions as a test case for our model, to demonstrate their distribution and evolution. The wind velocity, spin period and magnetic field strength are studied under different mass loss rates. In our model, correlations between mass-loss rate and wind velocity are found and can be tested in further observations. We examine the parameter space where wind accretion is allowed, avoiding the barrier of rotating magnetic fields, with robust data on the magnetic field of neutron stars. Our model shows that most sources(six of nine systems) can be fed by the wind with relatively slow velocity, and this result is consistent with previous predictions. In a few sources,our model cannot fit the standard wind accretion scenario. In these peculiar cases, other scenarios(disk formation, partial Roche lobe overflow) should be considered. This would provide information about the evolutionary tracks of various types of binaries, and thus exhibit a clear dichotomy behavior in wind-fed X-ray binary systems.
We consider the existence of a neutron star magnetic field by the detected cyclotron lines. We collected data on nine sources of high-mass X-ray binaries with supergiant companions as a test case for our model, to demonstrate their distribution and evolution. The wind velocity, spin period and magnetic field strength are studied under different mass loss rates. In our model, correlations between mass-loss rate and wind velocity are found and can be tested in further observations. We examine the parameter space where wind accretion is allowed, avoiding the barrier of rotating magnetic fields, with robust data on the magnetic field of neutron stars. Our model shows that most sources(six of nine systems) can be fed by the wind with relatively slow velocity, and this result is consistent with previous predictions. In a few sources,our model cannot fit the standard wind accretion scenario. In these peculiar cases, other scenarios(disk formation, partial Roche lobe overflow) should be considered. This would provide information about the evolutionary tracks of various types of binaries, and thus exhibit a clear dichotomy behavior in wind-fed X-ray binary systems.
We consider the existence of a neutron star magnetic field by the detected cyclotron lines. We collected data on nine sources of high-mass X-ray binaries with supergiant companions as a test case for our model, to demonstrate their distribution and evolution. The wind velocity, spin period and magnetic field strength are studied under different mass loss rates. In our model, correlations between mass-loss rate and wind velocity are found and can be tested in further observations. We examine the parameter space where wind accretion is allowed, avoiding the barrier of rotating magnetic fields, with robust data on the magnetic field of neutron stars. Our model shows that most sources(six of nine systems) can be fed by the wind with relatively slow velocity, and this result is consistent with previous predictions. In a few sources,our model cannot fit the standard wind accretion scenario. In these peculiar cases, other scenarios(disk formation, partial Roche lobe overflow) should be considered. This would provide information about the evolutionary tracks of various types of binaries, and thus exhibit a clear dichotomy behavior in wind-fed X-ray binary systems.
引文
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Gim′enez-Garc′?a,A.,Shenar,T.,Torrej′on,J.M.,et al.2016,A&A,591,A26
Ikhsanov,N.R.,&Mereghetti,S.2015,MNRAS,454,3760
Karino,S.,&Miller,J.C.2016,MNRAS,462,3476
Klu′zniak,W.,&Rappaport,S.2007,ApJ,671,1990
Kretschmar,P.,Kreykenbohm,I.,Pottschmidt,K.,et al.2005,The Astronomer’s Telegram,601
Kreykenbohm,I.,Coburn,W.,Wilms,J.,et al.2002,A&A,395,129
Krtiˇcka,J.,&Kub′at,J.2017,A&A,606,A31
Krtiˇcka,J.,Kub′at,J.,&Krtiˇckov′a,I.2016,A&A,593,A101
La Barbera,A.,Burderi,L.,Di Salvo,T.,Iaria,R.,&Robba,N.R.2001,ApJ,553,375
Lamers,H.J.G.L.M.,Haser,S.,de Koter,A.,&Leitherer,C.1999,ApJ,516,872
Liu,Q.Z.,van Paradijs,J.,&van den Heuvel,E.P.J.2006,A&A,455,1165
Lutovinov,A.A.,Tsygankov,S.S.,Postnov,K.A.,et al.2017,MNRAS,466,593
Macfarlane,J.J.,Cassinelli,J.P.,Welsh,B.Y.,et al.1991,ApJ,380,564
Makishima,K.,Mihara,T.,Ishida,M.,et al.1990,ApJ,365,L59
Mason,A.B.,Clark,J.S.,Norton,A.J.,et al.2012,MNRAS,422,199
Matsuda,T.,Ishii,T.,Sekino,N.,et al.1992,MNRAS,255,183
Mushtukov,A.A.,Tsygankov,S.S.,Serber,A.V.,Suleimanov,V.F.,&Poutanen,J.2015,MNRAS,454,2714
Nagae,T.,Oka,K.,Matsuda,T.,et al.2004,A&A,419,335
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Nespoli,E.,Fabregat,J.,&Mennickent,R.E.2010,A&A,516,A106
Nishimura,O.2003,PASJ,55,849
Orlandini,M.,dal Fiume,D.,del Sordo,S.,et al.1999,A&A,349,L9
Postnov,K.,Oskinova,L.,&Torrej′on,J.M.2017,arXiv:1701.00336
Pottschmidt,K.,Suchy,S.,Rivers,E.,et al.2012,in American Institute of Physics Conference Series,Vol.1427,American Institute of Physics Conference Series,ed.R.Petre,K.Mitsuda,&L.Angelini,60
Pringle,J.E.,&Rees,M.J.1972,A&A,21,1
Puls,J.,Markova,N.,Scuderi,S.,et al.2006,A&A,454,625
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Rivers,E.,Markowitz,A.,Pottschmidt,K.,et al.2010,ApJ,709,179
Robba,N.R.,Burderi,L.,Di Salvo,T.,Iaria,R.,&Cusumano,G.2001,ApJ,562,950
Rodes-Roca,J.J.,Torrej′on,J.M.,Kreykenbohm,I.,et al.2009,A&A,508,395
Ruffert,M.1999,A&A,346,861
Saladino,M.I.,Pols,O.R.,van der Helm,E.,Pelupessy,I.,&Portegies Zwart,S.2018,arXiv:1805.03208
Sanjurjo-Ferrr′?n,G.,Torrej′on,J.M.,Postnov,K.,et al.2017,A&A,606,A145
Santangelo,A.,del Sordo,S.,Segreto,A.,et al.1998,ApJ,340,55
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Shakura,N.,&Postnov,K.2017,arXiv:1702.03393
Shakura,N.,Postnov,K.,Kochetkova,A.,&Hjalmarsdotter,L.2012,MNRAS,420,216
Shenar,T.2017,Comprehensive Analyses of Massive Binaries and Implications on Stellar Evolution,PhD thesis,Universit¨at Potsdam
Stella,L.,White,N.E.,&Rosner,R.1986,ApJ,308,669
Taani,A.2016,RAA(Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics),16,101
Taani,A.,Karino,S.,Song,L.,Zhang,C.,&Chaty,S.2018,arXiv:1808.05345
Taani,A.,&Khasawaneh,A.2017,Journal of Physics:Conference Series,869,012090
Taani,A.,Zhang,C.,Al-Wardat,M.,&Zhao,Y.2012a,Ap&SS,340,147
Taani,A.,Zhang,C.M.,Al-Wardat,M.,&Zhao,Y.H.2012b,Astronomische Nachrichten,333,53
Thompson,T.W.J.,Tomsick,J.A.,Rothschild,R.E.,in’t Zand,J.J.M.,&Walter,R.2006,ApJ,649,373
Tong,H.2015,RAA(Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics),15,517
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Walter,R.,Lutovinov,A.A.,Bozzo,E.,&Tsygankov,S.S.2015,A&A Rev.,23,2
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Wang,Y.-M.,&Robertson,J.A.1985,A&A,151,361
Wei,Y.C.,Taani,A.,Pan,Y.Y.,et al.2010,Chinese Physics Letters,27,119801
Wilson,C.A.,Finger,M.H.,&Camero-Arranz,A.2008,ApJ,678,1263
Zhang,C.M.,&Kojima,Y.2006,MNRAS,366,137
Bhattacharya,D.,&van den Heuvel,E.P.J.1991,Phys.Rep.,203,1
Bildsten,L.,Chakrabarty,D.,Chiu,J.,et al.1997,ApJS,113,367
Bodaghee,A.,Tomsick,J.A.,Fornasini,F.M.,et al.2016,ApJ,823,146
Bodaghee,A.,Walter,R.,Zurita Heras,J.A&et al.2006,A&A,447,1027B
Bondi,H.,&Hoyle,F.1944,MNRAS,104,273
Bonning,E.W.,&Falanga,M.2005,A&A,436,L31
Bozzo,E.,Falanga,M.,&Stella,L.2008,ApJ,683,1031
Castor,J.I.,Abbott,D.C.,&Klein,R.I.1975,ApJ,195,157
Chakrabarty,D.,Grunsfeld,J.M.,Prince,T.A.,et al.1993,ApJ,403,L33
Clark,G.W.,Woo,J.W.,Nagase,F.,Makishima,K.,&Sakao,T.1990,ApJ,353,274
Coburn,W.,Heindl,W.A.,Rothschild,R.E.,et al.2002,ApJ,580,394
Coley,J.B.,Corbet,R.H.D.,&Krimm,H.A.2015,ApJ,808,140
Cusumano,G.,di Salvo,T.,Burderi,L.,et al.1998,A&A,338,L79
D’A`?,A.,Cusumano,G.,La Parola,V.,et al.2011,A&A,532,A73
Dai,H.-L.,&Li,X.-D.2006,A&A,451,581
Dai,H.-L.,Liu,X.-W.,&Li,X.-D.2016,MNRAS,457,3889
Dai,Z.,Szkody,P.,Taani,A.,Garnavich,P.M.,&Kennedy,M.2017,A&A,606,A45
den Hartog,P.R.,Hermsen,W.,Kuiper,L.,et al.2006,A&A,451,587
Denis,M.,Bulik,T.,&Marcinkowski,R.2010,Acta Astronomica,60,75
Falanga,M.,Bozzo,E.,Lutovinov,A.,et al.2015,A&A,577,A130
Farrell,S.A.,Sood,R.K.,&O’Neill,P.M.2006,MNRAS,367,1457
Feldmeier,A.,Oskinova,L.,&Hamann,W.-R.2003,A&A,403,217
Fryxell,B.A.,&Taam,R.E.1988,ApJ,335,862
Gim′enez-Garc′?a,A.,Shenar,T.,Torrej′on,J.M.,et al.2016,A&A,591,A26
Ikhsanov,N.R.,&Mereghetti,S.2015,MNRAS,454,3760
Karino,S.,&Miller,J.C.2016,MNRAS,462,3476
Klu′zniak,W.,&Rappaport,S.2007,ApJ,671,1990
Kretschmar,P.,Kreykenbohm,I.,Pottschmidt,K.,et al.2005,The Astronomer’s Telegram,601
Kreykenbohm,I.,Coburn,W.,Wilms,J.,et al.2002,A&A,395,129
Krtiˇcka,J.,&Kub′at,J.2017,A&A,606,A31
Krtiˇcka,J.,Kub′at,J.,&Krtiˇckov′a,I.2016,A&A,593,A101
La Barbera,A.,Burderi,L.,Di Salvo,T.,Iaria,R.,&Robba,N.R.2001,ApJ,553,375
Lamers,H.J.G.L.M.,Haser,S.,de Koter,A.,&Leitherer,C.1999,ApJ,516,872
Liu,Q.Z.,van Paradijs,J.,&van den Heuvel,E.P.J.2006,A&A,455,1165
Lutovinov,A.A.,Tsygankov,S.S.,Postnov,K.A.,et al.2017,MNRAS,466,593
Macfarlane,J.J.,Cassinelli,J.P.,Welsh,B.Y.,et al.1991,ApJ,380,564
Makishima,K.,Mihara,T.,Ishida,M.,et al.1990,ApJ,365,L59
Mason,A.B.,Clark,J.S.,Norton,A.J.,et al.2012,MNRAS,422,199
Matsuda,T.,Ishii,T.,Sekino,N.,et al.1992,MNRAS,255,183
Mushtukov,A.A.,Tsygankov,S.S.,Serber,A.V.,Suleimanov,V.F.,&Poutanen,J.2015,MNRAS,454,2714
Nagae,T.,Oka,K.,Matsuda,T.,et al.2004,A&A,419,335
Najarro,F.,Hanson,M.M.,&Puls,J.2011,A&A,535,A32
Nespoli,E.,Fabregat,J.,&Mennickent,R.E.2010,A&A,516,A106
Nishimura,O.2003,PASJ,55,849
Orlandini,M.,dal Fiume,D.,del Sordo,S.,et al.1999,A&A,349,L9
Postnov,K.,Oskinova,L.,&Torrej′on,J.M.2017,arXiv:1701.00336
Pottschmidt,K.,Suchy,S.,Rivers,E.,et al.2012,in American Institute of Physics Conference Series,Vol.1427,American Institute of Physics Conference Series,ed.R.Petre,K.Mitsuda,&L.Angelini,60
Pringle,J.E.,&Rees,M.J.1972,A&A,21,1
Puls,J.,Markova,N.,Scuderi,S.,et al.2006,A&A,454,625
Rawls,M.L.,Orosz,J.A.,Mc Clintock,J.E.,et al.2011,ApJ,730,25
Reig,P.,Negueruela,I.,Buckley,D.A.H.,et al.2001,A&A,367,266
Reig,P.,Nersesian,A.,Zezas,A.,Gkouvelis,L.,&Coe,M.J.2016,A&A,590,A122
Rivers,E.,Markowitz,A.,Pottschmidt,K.,et al.2010,ApJ,709,179
Robba,N.R.,Burderi,L.,Di Salvo,T.,Iaria,R.,&Cusumano,G.2001,ApJ,562,950
Rodes-Roca,J.J.,Torrej′on,J.M.,Kreykenbohm,I.,et al.2009,A&A,508,395
Ruffert,M.1999,A&A,346,861
Saladino,M.I.,Pols,O.R.,van der Helm,E.,Pelupessy,I.,&Portegies Zwart,S.2018,arXiv:1805.03208
Sanjurjo-Ferrr′?n,G.,Torrej′on,J.M.,Postnov,K.,et al.2017,A&A,606,A145
Santangelo,A.,del Sordo,S.,Segreto,A.,et al.1998,ApJ,340,55
Schanne,S.,G¨otz,D.,G′erard,L.,et al.2007,in ESA Special Publication,Vol.622,The Obscured Universe.Proceedings of the VI INTEGRAL Workshop,479
Shakura,N.,&Postnov,K.2017,arXiv:1702.03393
Shakura,N.,Postnov,K.,Kochetkova,A.,&Hjalmarsdotter,L.2012,MNRAS,420,216
Shenar,T.2017,Comprehensive Analyses of Massive Binaries and Implications on Stellar Evolution,PhD thesis,Universit¨at Potsdam
Stella,L.,White,N.E.,&Rosner,R.1986,ApJ,308,669
Taani,A.2016,RAA(Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics),16,101
Taani,A.,Karino,S.,Song,L.,Zhang,C.,&Chaty,S.2018,arXiv:1808.05345
Taani,A.,&Khasawaneh,A.2017,Journal of Physics:Conference Series,869,012090
Taani,A.,Zhang,C.,Al-Wardat,M.,&Zhao,Y.2012a,Ap&SS,340,147
Taani,A.,Zhang,C.M.,Al-Wardat,M.,&Zhao,Y.H.2012b,Astronomische Nachrichten,333,53
Thompson,T.W.J.,Tomsick,J.A.,Rothschild,R.E.,in’t Zand,J.J.M.,&Walter,R.2006,ApJ,649,373
Tong,H.2015,RAA(Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics),15,517
Tong,H.,&Wang,W.2018,arXiv:1806.05784
Truemper,J.,Pietsch,W.,Reppin,C.,et al.1978,ApJ,219,L105van den Heuvel,E.P.J.2004,Science,303,1143
Vink,J.S.,de Koter,A.,&Lamers,H.J.G.L.M.2001,A&A,369,574
Voges,W.,Pietsch,W.,Reppin,C.,et al.1982,ApJ,263,803
Walter,R.,Lutovinov,A.A.,Bozzo,E.,&Tsygankov,S.S.2015,A&A Rev.,23,2
Wang,W.,2010,A&A,520,A22
Wang,Y.-M.1995,ApJ,449,L153
Wang,Y.-M.,&Robertson,J.A.1985,A&A,151,361
Wei,Y.C.,Taani,A.,Pan,Y.Y.,et al.2010,Chinese Physics Letters,27,119801
Wilson,C.A.,Finger,M.H.,&Camero-Arranz,A.2008,ApJ,678,1263
Zhang,C.M.,&Kojima,Y.2006,MNRAS,366,137