大秦岭生态文明建设的意义与对策
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摘要
秦岭在中华文明的繁衍和发展过程中发挥了重要作用,被誉为"中华龙脉"。秦岭既是中国南北分界线,也是"天然中药库"和"世界生物基因库",在以建设文明生态环境为主旋律的新时代,秦岭南北麓依然出现了不同程度的无序开发和违章建设别墅等有悖生态文明建设的乱象,如何保护秦岭,协同推进秦岭生态文明建设具有非凡的意义。为此,本文从人类社会发展史和科学史维度上,阐述了生态文明与原始文明、农耕文明和工业文明各阶段在解决的关键问题、文明的标志与内涵、人与自然的关系等方面的本质区别;从生态系统服务功能维度上(水源涵养、环境净化、生物多样性维护、生物固碳与气候调节等),阐明了秦岭生态文明建设的重要意义;从思想、行动和科学三个维度上,指出了秦岭生态文明建设必须提高思想认识,一以贯之习近平生态文明思想,提高政治站位,与党中央保持高度一致,用系统论思想制定科学规划,以水环境、土壤环境、大气环境、植被以及野生珍稀动植物的保护为根本目标,从工业活动、农业活动、资源开发利用、人类日常生活干扰等多个方向协同推进,为中国社会可持续发展提供生态保障。
Background, aim, and scope Qinling Mountains is not only the boundary of climate, vegetation, soil type between the south and north China, but also the "Natural Chinese medicine library" and "Biological gene bank of the world", so which is regard as "Chinese Dragon Pulse". In the new era of ecological civilization construction as the main melody, there was still many chaotic phenomena at the north and south of the Qinling Mountains because of disorderly development and illegal construction of villas, which goes against the construction of ecological civilization. Therefore, how to protect the Qinling Mountains and promote the ecological civilization construction of the Qinling Mountains has extraordinary significance. Materials and methods Analysis the history of human society development and the history of science and technology, taking inductive method and clarified the solve key problems in each stage of primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and ecological civilization, and then conclusion the symbol and connotation of civilization, and the relationship between man and nature for each civilization. Results(1) Invention fire and its application was an outstanding symbol in period of primitive civilization, which changed the food structure and improved the nutrition of human being. The main relationship of human and nature was merely adaption to nature change.(2) Invention iron tool and application agricultural practice was a significant symbol which improved production efficiency in period of agricultural civilization. Crops have been planted and domestic animals have been bred by humanity, and nutrition structure of human being has been further improved. The characters of relationship of human and nature was change and adaption nature.(3) At period of industrial civilization, the production efficiency has been greatly improved due to many new technologies has been found and application in all society, which resulted in extremely rich in food, wear, live and extremely convenient in traffic. The main relationship of human and nature was purely change nature as people-centered.(4) The 18 th CPC National Congress was signed as beginning of ecological civilization of human society, which emphasizes harmonious development on economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress. The main relationship of human and nature was purely change nature under respect for the laws of nature. Discussion Qinling Mountains has many ecological functions such as water conservation, environmental purification, biodiversity conservation, biological carbon sequestration and climate regulation, etc. because of the climate and vegetation boundary. The Qinling ecological civilization construction has very important significance. Therefore, ecological civilization must improve the ideological awareness and consistently insist on the ecological civilization thoughts of XI Jinping,must improve the political position in action and maintaining a high degree of consistency with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, must respect the scientific rules, scientific planning and cooperate propulsion. Conclusions Ecological structure is system engineering, the target should focus on conservation of water, and soil, atmospheric environment and vegetation and biodiversity, and comprehensive reduce influence of industrial and agricultural activities, resource development, domestic discharge etc. on eco-environment of Qinling Mountains. Recommendations and perspectives The paper provides a significant scientific thought for ecological civilization construction of coordinated propulsion at Qinling Mountains.
Background, aim, and scope Qinling Mountains is not only the boundary of climate, vegetation, soil type between the south and north China, but also the "Natural Chinese medicine library" and "Biological gene bank of the world", so which is regard as "Chinese Dragon Pulse". In the new era of ecological civilization construction as the main melody, there was still many chaotic phenomena at the north and south of the Qinling Mountains because of disorderly development and illegal construction of villas, which goes against the construction of ecological civilization. Therefore, how to protect the Qinling Mountains and promote the ecological civilization construction of the Qinling Mountains has extraordinary significance. Materials and methods Analysis the history of human society development and the history of science and technology, taking inductive method and clarified the solve key problems in each stage of primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and ecological civilization, and then conclusion the symbol and connotation of civilization, and the relationship between man and nature for each civilization. Results(1) Invention fire and its application was an outstanding symbol in period of primitive civilization, which changed the food structure and improved the nutrition of human being. The main relationship of human and nature was merely adaption to nature change.(2) Invention iron tool and application agricultural practice was a significant symbol which improved production efficiency in period of agricultural civilization. Crops have been planted and domestic animals have been bred by humanity, and nutrition structure of human being has been further improved. The characters of relationship of human and nature was change and adaption nature.(3) At period of industrial civilization, the production efficiency has been greatly improved due to many new technologies has been found and application in all society, which resulted in extremely rich in food, wear, live and extremely convenient in traffic. The main relationship of human and nature was purely change nature as people-centered.(4) The 18 th CPC National Congress was signed as beginning of ecological civilization of human society, which emphasizes harmonious development on economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress. The main relationship of human and nature was purely change nature under respect for the laws of nature. Discussion Qinling Mountains has many ecological functions such as water conservation, environmental purification, biodiversity conservation, biological carbon sequestration and climate regulation, etc. because of the climate and vegetation boundary. The Qinling ecological civilization construction has very important significance. Therefore, ecological civilization must improve the ideological awareness and consistently insist on the ecological civilization thoughts of XI Jinping,must improve the political position in action and maintaining a high degree of consistency with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, must respect the scientific rules, scientific planning and cooperate propulsion. Conclusions Ecological structure is system engineering, the target should focus on conservation of water, and soil, atmospheric environment and vegetation and biodiversity, and comprehensive reduce influence of industrial and agricultural activities, resource development, domestic discharge etc. on eco-environment of Qinling Mountains. Recommendations and perspectives The paper provides a significant scientific thought for ecological civilization construction of coordinated propulsion at Qinling Mountains.
引文
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唐世荣.2000.重金属在海州香薷和鸭跖草叶片提取物中的分配[J].植物生理学通讯,36(2):128-129.[Tang S R.2000.Distribution of heavy metals in leaf extracts of Elsholtzia splendens Nakai and Commelina communis[J].Plant Physiology Communications,36(2):128-129.]
王尧,徐佩,傅斌,等.2018.森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估模型研究进展[J].生态经济,34(2):158-169.[Wang Y,Xu P,Fu B,et al.2018.Water conservation function assessment models of forest ecosystem:a review[J].Ecological Economy,34(2):158-169.]
习近平.2007.之江新语[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社.[Xi J P.2007.Zhijiang Xinyu[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang People’s Publishing House.]
徐卫华,罗翀,欧阳志云,等.2010.区域自然保护区群规划--以秦岭山系为例[J].生态学报,30(6):1648-1654.[Xu W H,Luo C,Ouyang Z Y,et al.2010.Designing regional nature reserves group:the case study of Qinling Mountain Range,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,30(6):1648-1654.]
于俊伟,刘雪梅,甘露,等.1999.1998年贵州省属长江流域地区洪涝灾害与森林植被的关系[J].灾害学,14(1):39-42.[Yu J W,Liu X M,Gan L,et al.1999.The relation of flood and waterlogging damages with forest and vegetative cover along the Yangtse River in Guizhou Province in 1998[J].Journal of Catastrophology,14(1):39-42.]
张素蓉.2012.论农业文明的历史演进与近代转型[J].求索,(10):214-216.[Zhang S R.2012.Historical evolution of agricultural civilization and modern transformation[J].Seeker,(10):214-216.]
中国青年报.2016-11-13[2018-06-20].秦岭生态环境存在突出问题[N/OL].http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2016-11/13/nw.D110000zgqnb_20161113_4-01.htm.[China Youth Daily.2016-11-13[2018-06-20].There are prominent problems in Qinling ecological environment[N/OL].http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2016-11/13/nw.D110000zgqnb_20161113_4-01.htm.]
中共中央编译局.2009.马克思恩格斯文集[M].北京:人民出版社.[Central Compilation and Translation Bureau.2009.Marx and Engels[M].Beijing:People’s Publishing House.]
Chen Y P,Ellison A M.2017.Don’t say the giant panda is not endangered[J].Journal of Earth Environment,8(5):5-9.
Chen Y P,Zheng Y J,Liu Q,et al.2017.Atmospheric deposition exposes Qinling pandas to toxic pollutants[J].Ecological Applications,27:343-348.
Choppala G,Bolan N,Kunhikrishnan A,et al.2015.Concomitant reduction and immobilization of chromium in relation to its bioavailability in soils[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(12):8969-8978.
Halim M A,Majumder R K,Zaman M N.2015.Paddy soil heavy metal contamination and uptake in rice plants from the adjacent area of Barapukuria coal mine,northwest Bangladesh[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,8(6):3391-3401.
IPCC.2007.Climate change 2007:the physical science basis[R].Contribution of Working GroupⅠto the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press.
Lin Z R,Zhao L,Dong Y H.2017.Effects of low molecular weight organic acids and fulvic acid on2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl degradation and hydroxyl radical formation in a goethite-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,326:201-209.
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Xu WH,Vi?a A,Qi Z X,et al.2014.Evaluating conservation effectiveness of nature reserves established for surrogate species:case of a giant panda nature reserve in Qinling Mountains,China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,24(1):60-70.
常海伟,刘代欢,贺前锋.2018.重金属污染农田微生物修复机理研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,38(2):120-127.[Chang H W,Liu D H,He Q F.2018.Advances in microbial redemption mechanism of heavy metal polluted farmland[J].Journal of Microbiology,38(2):120-127.]
光明日报.2017-05-18[2018-06-20].南水北调中线一期工程累计调水76.6亿方[N/OL].http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2017-05/18/nw.D110000gmrb_20170518_3-07.htm?div=-1.[Guangming Daily.2017-05-18[2018-06-20].The first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has transferred7.66 billion cubic meters of water[N/OL].http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2017-05/18/nw.D110000gmrb_20170518_3-07.htm?div=-1.]
康艳.2005.秦岭山地植被水源涵养功能空间分布格局及生态保育策略[D].西安:西北大学.[Kang Y.2005.Spatial distribution pattern and strategy for water conservation function of vegetation in Qinling Mountains[D].Xi’an:Northwest University.]
孔国辉,陈宏通,刘世忠,等.2003.广东园林绿化植物对大气污染的反应及污染物在叶片的积累[J].热带亚热带植物学报,11(4):297-315.[Kong G H,Chen H T,Liu S Z,et al.2003.Response of garden greening plants to air pollution in Guangzhou Province and the accumulation of pollutants in leaves[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,11(4):297-315.]
雷瑞德.2000.加强秦岭山区植被建设实现林业可持续发展[C].中国林学会西北地区生态环境建设研讨会论文集.北京:中国林业出版社:1-6.[Lei R D.2000.Strengthening vegetation construction in Qinling Mountains to realize sustainable development of forestry[C].Proceedings of the Symposium on Ecological Environment Construction in the Northwest Region of China Forestry Society.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House:1-6.]
李效筠,胡丹,毕德利,等.2015.关于切实保护辽东山区生态屏障和水源涵养地的调研报告[J].农业经济,(10):55-57.[Li X J,Hu D,Bi D L,et al.2015.Investigation report on the effective protection of ecological barriers and water conservation areas in mountainous areas of eastern Liaoning[J].Agricultural Economy,(10):55-57.]
厉磊.2015.工业文明与生态文明辩证关系研究[D].北京:中共中央党校.[Li L.2015.Research on the dialectical relationship between industrial civilization and ecological civilization[D].Beijing:Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.]
刘国柱.2015.人类历史上几次文明重心的形成及转移[J].理论参考,(12):53-57.[Liu G Z.2015.The formation and transfer of several centuries of civilization in human history[J].Journal of Theoretical Reference,(12):53-57.]
马克平,钱迎倩.1998.生物多样性保护及其研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,4(1):95-99.[Ma K P,Qian Y Q.1998.Biodiversity conservation and its research progress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,4(1):95-99.]
人民网·中国共产党新闻网.2015-07-20[2018-06-20].关于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明[N/OL].http://cpc.people.com.cn/xuexi/n/2015/0720/c397563-27331312.html.[CPC News,People’s Daily Online.2015-07-20[2018-06-20].Explanation of“The decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on comprehensively deepening the reform of some major issues”[N/OL].http://cpc.people.com.cn/xuexi/n/2015/0720/c397563-27331312.html.]
人民网·中国共产党新闻网.2015-08-04[2018-06-20].生态兴则文明兴生态衰则文明衰[N/OL].http://dangjian.people.com.cn/n/2015/0804/c117092-27408033.html.[CPC News,People’s Daily Online.2015-08-04[2018-06-20].Ecology prospers and civilization prospers,ecological declines and civilization declines[N/OL].http://dangjian.people.com.cn/n/2015/0804/c117092-27408033.html.]
人民网·中国共产党新闻网.2017-11-07[2018-06-20].“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理论与实践价值[N/OL].http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1107/c40531-29631245.html.[CPC News,People’s Daily Online.2017-11-07[2018-06-20].The theoretical and practical value of“Green water and green hills are Jinshan Yinshan Mountain”[N/OL].http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1107/c40531-29631245.html.]
陕西日报.2018-09-19[2018-10-20].整体推进秦岭生态文明建设[N/OL].http://esb.sxdaily.com.cn/sxrb/20180919/html/page_06_content_003.htm.[Shaanxi Daily.2018-09-19[2018-10-20].Promote the construction of ecological civilization in Qinling[N/OL].http://esb.sxdaily.com.cn/sxrb/20180919/html/page_06_content_003.htm.]
唐世荣.2000.重金属在海州香薷和鸭跖草叶片提取物中的分配[J].植物生理学通讯,36(2):128-129.[Tang S R.2000.Distribution of heavy metals in leaf extracts of Elsholtzia splendens Nakai and Commelina communis[J].Plant Physiology Communications,36(2):128-129.]
王尧,徐佩,傅斌,等.2018.森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估模型研究进展[J].生态经济,34(2):158-169.[Wang Y,Xu P,Fu B,et al.2018.Water conservation function assessment models of forest ecosystem:a review[J].Ecological Economy,34(2):158-169.]
习近平.2007.之江新语[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社.[Xi J P.2007.Zhijiang Xinyu[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang People’s Publishing House.]
徐卫华,罗翀,欧阳志云,等.2010.区域自然保护区群规划--以秦岭山系为例[J].生态学报,30(6):1648-1654.[Xu W H,Luo C,Ouyang Z Y,et al.2010.Designing regional nature reserves group:the case study of Qinling Mountain Range,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,30(6):1648-1654.]
于俊伟,刘雪梅,甘露,等.1999.1998年贵州省属长江流域地区洪涝灾害与森林植被的关系[J].灾害学,14(1):39-42.[Yu J W,Liu X M,Gan L,et al.1999.The relation of flood and waterlogging damages with forest and vegetative cover along the Yangtse River in Guizhou Province in 1998[J].Journal of Catastrophology,14(1):39-42.]
张素蓉.2012.论农业文明的历史演进与近代转型[J].求索,(10):214-216.[Zhang S R.2012.Historical evolution of agricultural civilization and modern transformation[J].Seeker,(10):214-216.]
中国青年报.2016-11-13[2018-06-20].秦岭生态环境存在突出问题[N/OL].http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2016-11/13/nw.D110000zgqnb_20161113_4-01.htm.[China Youth Daily.2016-11-13[2018-06-20].There are prominent problems in Qinling ecological environment[N/OL].http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2016-11/13/nw.D110000zgqnb_20161113_4-01.htm.]
中共中央编译局.2009.马克思恩格斯文集[M].北京:人民出版社.[Central Compilation and Translation Bureau.2009.Marx and Engels[M].Beijing:People’s Publishing House.]
Chen Y P,Ellison A M.2017.Don’t say the giant panda is not endangered[J].Journal of Earth Environment,8(5):5-9.
Chen Y P,Zheng Y J,Liu Q,et al.2017.Atmospheric deposition exposes Qinling pandas to toxic pollutants[J].Ecological Applications,27:343-348.
Choppala G,Bolan N,Kunhikrishnan A,et al.2015.Concomitant reduction and immobilization of chromium in relation to its bioavailability in soils[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(12):8969-8978.
Halim M A,Majumder R K,Zaman M N.2015.Paddy soil heavy metal contamination and uptake in rice plants from the adjacent area of Barapukuria coal mine,northwest Bangladesh[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,8(6):3391-3401.
IPCC.2007.Climate change 2007:the physical science basis[R].Contribution of Working GroupⅠto the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press.
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