基于CALIOP探测的京津冀地区气溶胶垂直分布特征
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摘要
利用2011—2015年星载激光雷达(CALIOP)探测资料分析京津冀地区气溶胶消光系数(AEC)的垂直分布,AEC表征了气溶胶的浓度水平。结果表明:AEC的垂直分布季节变化显著,2 km以下尤为明显;整层气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)在夏季(0.7)高于其他季节,湿度对AEC产生较大的影响;而500 m以下低层的AEC体现的特征与之相反,冬季最大(0.65 km~(-1)),春夏季较小(0.25 km~(-1))。夏秋季低层AEC存在较大昼夜差异,夜间最大为0.65 km~(-1),是白天的2.5倍,低层较大的相对湿度昼夜变化成为消光系数巨大差异的主因。南北向贯穿京津冀地区垂直剖面上AEC的分布显示,在夏季夜间,气溶胶浓度水平在南部地区的低层较高,而在其他季节并没有体现出明显的南北差异。
Vertical distribution of aerosol extinction coefficient( AEC) representing aerosol concentration level was investigated using satellite observation obtained by CALIOP over Jing-Jin-Ji( JJJ) area during 2011—2015. Results showed that vertical distribution of AEC had a distinct seasonal variability,especially below 2 km in altitude. Aerosol optical depth( AOD) integrated from full-layer AEC also varied significantly with seasons. AOD was much higher in summer( 0. 7) than that in other seasons,which was substantially influenced by ambient relative humidity. However,the opposite characteristic of low-layer AEC was observed below 500 m with the highest value of 0. 65 km~(-1)in winter and smaller ones in spring and summer. There was a remarkably difference of low-layer AEC between day and night in summer and autumn with the maximum of 0. 65 km~(-1)after midnight,which was 2. 5 times in the early afternoon. The large day-night discrepancy of low-layer relative humidity was the major cause for the contrast of extinction coefficient. Zonal vertical distribution of AEC cross section through JJJ area showed that the level of aerosol concentration was higher in low-layer over south part of the region in summer night,while in other seasons,no obvious south-north differences were observed.
Vertical distribution of aerosol extinction coefficient( AEC) representing aerosol concentration level was investigated using satellite observation obtained by CALIOP over Jing-Jin-Ji( JJJ) area during 2011—2015. Results showed that vertical distribution of AEC had a distinct seasonal variability,especially below 2 km in altitude. Aerosol optical depth( AOD) integrated from full-layer AEC also varied significantly with seasons. AOD was much higher in summer( 0. 7) than that in other seasons,which was substantially influenced by ambient relative humidity. However,the opposite characteristic of low-layer AEC was observed below 500 m with the highest value of 0. 65 km~(-1)in winter and smaller ones in spring and summer. There was a remarkably difference of low-layer AEC between day and night in summer and autumn with the maximum of 0. 65 km~(-1)after midnight,which was 2. 5 times in the early afternoon. The large day-night discrepancy of low-layer relative humidity was the major cause for the contrast of extinction coefficient. Zonal vertical distribution of AEC cross section through JJJ area showed that the level of aerosol concentration was higher in low-layer over south part of the region in summer night,while in other seasons,no obvious south-north differences were observed.
引文
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[36]Han S Q,Wu J H,Zhang Y F,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a winter haze-fog episode in Tianjin,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,98:323-330.
[37]Niu S,Lu C,Yu H,et al.Fog research in China:An overview[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2010,27(3):639-662.
[38]Xin J,Wang L,Wang Y,et al.Trends in aerosol optical properties over the Bohai Rim in Northeast China from 2004 to2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(35):6317-6325.
[39]Guo J P,Zhang X Y,Wu Y R,et al.Spatio-temporal variation trends of satellite-based aerosol optical depth in China during 1980-2008[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(37):6802-6811.
[2]Huang R J,Zhang Y,Bozzetti C,et al.High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China[J].Nature,2014,514(7521):218-222.
[3]Fu H,Chen J Formation.Features and controlling strategies of severe haze-fog pollutions in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,578:121-138.
[4]Seinfeld J H,Pandis S N.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics:From Air Pollution to Climate Change[M].2nd ed.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc,2006:1092-1093.
[5]Ding G,Chan C,Gao Z,et al.Vertical structures of PM10and PM2.5and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2005,48:38-54.
[6]Han S,Bian H,Tie X,et al.Impact of nocturnal planetary boundary layer on urban air pollutants:Measurements from a 250 m tower over Tianjin,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,162(1):264-269.
[7]咸亮,杨文,白志鹏,等.系留气球垂直观测平台的构建与应用[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(1):116-120.
[8]He Q,Li C,Mao J,et al.Analysis of aerosol vertical distribution and variability in Hong Kong[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2008,113(D14):D14211.
[9]Liu Q,Wang Y,Kuang Z,et al.Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,2016,30(4):598-613.
[10]Peng Z R,Wang D,Wang Z,et al.A study of vertical distribution patterns of PM2.5concentrations based on ambient monitoring with unmanned aerial vehicles:A case in Hangzhou,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,123:357-369.
[11]Sun X,Yin Y,Sun Y,et al.Seasonal and vertical variations in aerosol distribution over Shijiazhuang,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,81:245-252.
[12]Liu P,Zhao C,Zhang Q,et al.Aircraft study of aerosol vertical distributions over Beijing and their optical properties[J].Tellus B,2009,61(5):756-767.
[13]Winker D M,Vaughan M A,Omar A,et al.Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP Data Processing Algorithms[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2009,26(11):2310-2323.
[14]Winker D M,Tackett J L,Getzewich B J,et al.The global 3-D distribution of tropospheric aerosols as characterized by CALIOP[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(6):3345-3361.
[15]Campbell J R,Reid J S,Westphal D L,et al.Characterizing the vertical profile of aerosol particle extinction and linear depolarization over Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent:The2007—2009 view from CALIOP[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,122:520-543.
[16]Bourgeois Q,Ekman A M L,Krejci R.Aerosol transport over the Andes from the Amazon Basin to the remote Pacific Ocean:A multiyear CALIOP assessment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2015,120(16):8411-8425.
[17]Huang J,Guo J,Wang F,et al.CALIPSO inferred most probable heights of global dust and smoke layers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2015,120(10):5085-5100.
[18]Yu H,Chin M,Bian H,et al.Quantification of trans-Atlantic dust transport from seven-year(2007—2013)record of CALIPSO lidar measurements[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,159:232-249.
[19]Chen Y,Liu Q,Geng F,et al.Vertical distribution of optical and micro-physical properties of ambient aerosols during dry haze periods in Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,50:50-59.
[20]刘琼,耿福海,陈勇航,等.上海不同强度干霾期间气溶胶垂直分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(2):207-213.
[21]徐婷婷,秦艳,耿福海,等.环上海地区干霾气溶胶垂直分布的季节变化特征[J].环境科学,2012,37(7):2165-2171.
[22]郑韶青,徐峻,何友江,等.星载激光雷达CALIOP功能、产品和应用[J].环境工程技术学报,2014,4(4):313-320.
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[26]Kanitz T,Ansmann A,Foth A,et al.Surface matters:Limitations of CALIPSO V3 aerosol typing in coastal regions[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2014,7(7):2061-2072.
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[28]Wang Z B,Fang C L.Spatial-temporal characteristics and determinants of PM2.5in the Bohai Rim Urban Agglomeration[J].Chemosphere,2016,148:148-162.
[29]Liu X,Gu J,Li Y,et al.Increase of aerosol scattering by hygroscopic growth:Observation,modeling,and implications on visibility[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,132/133:91-101.
[30]Sun Y,Wang Z,Fu P,et al.The impact of relative humidity on aerosol composition and evolution processes during wintertime in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,77:927-934.
[31]Wu Y,Zhang R,Tian P,et al.Effect of ambient humidity on the light absorption amplification of black carbon in Beijing during January 2013[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,124:217-223.
[32]Zhao P S,Dong F,He D,et al.Characteristics of concentrations and chemical compositions for PM2.5in the region of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(9):4631-4644.
[33]Guo J,Miao Y,Zhang Y,et al.The climatology of planetary boundary layer height in China derived from radiosonde and reanalysis data[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(20):13309-13319.
[34]Lawrence M G.The relationship between relative humidity and the dewpoint temperature in moist air:A simple conversion and applications[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2005,86(2):225-233.
[35]Li S,Wang T,Solmon F,et al.Impact of aerosols on regional climate in southern and northern China during strong/weak East Asian summer monsoon years[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2016,121(8):4069-4081.
[36]Han S Q,Wu J H,Zhang Y F,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a winter haze-fog episode in Tianjin,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,98:323-330.
[37]Niu S,Lu C,Yu H,et al.Fog research in China:An overview[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2010,27(3):639-662.
[38]Xin J,Wang L,Wang Y,et al.Trends in aerosol optical properties over the Bohai Rim in Northeast China from 2004 to2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(35):6317-6325.
[39]Guo J P,Zhang X Y,Wu Y R,et al.Spatio-temporal variation trends of satellite-based aerosol optical depth in China during 1980-2008[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(37):6802-6811.