Potential Use of a Poultry Manure Digestate as a Biofertiliser:Evaluation of Soil Properties and Lactuca sativa Growth
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摘要
Anaerobic digestion is a process that is widely used for the treatment of organic wastes. The digestate can be used as a soil amendment or crop fertiliser. The aims of our work were to evaluate 1) the physicochemical composition and pathogen content in a digestate from poultry manure, according to international regulations, and 2) the effect of its soil application on the major chemical and biological soil properties and on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The experiment consisted of two groups of pots(with and without crop). Treatments applied to each group were as follows: low and high doses of digestate and inorganic fertiliser, and no application(control)(low dose: 70 kg nitrogen(N) ha~(-1) and 21 kg phosphorus(P) ha~(-1); high dose: 210 kg N ha~(-1) and 63 kg P ha~(-1)). Soil samples were taken 7 and 34 d(harvest) after treatment applications. Heavy metal and pathogen contents in the digestate were below the upper limit values. Despite the high pH and electrical conductivity values of the digestate, both soil parameters presented acceptable values for crop growth. Although there were no initial increases in total inorganic N and available P in soil with digestate application, an increase in the fresh weight of crop was observed with the high dose application. This is probably associated with the slow nutrient release from the digestate during the development of the crop. Changes in the microbial community were temporary and occurred at the initial sampling stage of the experiment.
Anaerobic digestion is a process that is widely used for the treatment of organic wastes. The digestate can be used as a soil amendment or crop fertiliser. The aims of our work were to evaluate 1) the physicochemical composition and pathogen content in a digestate from poultry manure, according to international regulations, and 2) the effect of its soil application on the major chemical and biological soil properties and on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The experiment consisted of two groups of pots(with and without crop). Treatments applied to each group were as follows: low and high doses of digestate and inorganic fertiliser, and no application(control)(low dose: 70 kg nitrogen(N) ha~(-1) and 21 kg phosphorus(P) ha~(-1); high dose: 210 kg N ha~(-1) and 63 kg P ha~(-1)). Soil samples were taken 7 and 34 d(harvest) after treatment applications. Heavy metal and pathogen contents in the digestate were below the upper limit values. Despite the high pH and electrical conductivity values of the digestate, both soil parameters presented acceptable values for crop growth. Although there were no initial increases in total inorganic N and available P in soil with digestate application, an increase in the fresh weight of crop was observed with the high dose application. This is probably associated with the slow nutrient release from the digestate during the development of the crop. Changes in the microbial community were temporary and occurred at the initial sampling stage of the experiment.
Anaerobic digestion is a process that is widely used for the treatment of organic wastes. The digestate can be used as a soil amendment or crop fertiliser. The aims of our work were to evaluate 1) the physicochemical composition and pathogen content in a digestate from poultry manure, according to international regulations, and 2) the effect of its soil application on the major chemical and biological soil properties and on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The experiment consisted of two groups of pots(with and without crop). Treatments applied to each group were as follows: low and high doses of digestate and inorganic fertiliser, and no application(control)(low dose: 70 kg nitrogen(N) ha~(-1) and 21 kg phosphorus(P) ha~(-1); high dose: 210 kg N ha~(-1) and 63 kg P ha~(-1)). Soil samples were taken 7 and 34 d(harvest) after treatment applications. Heavy metal and pathogen contents in the digestate were below the upper limit values. Despite the high pH and electrical conductivity values of the digestate, both soil parameters presented acceptable values for crop growth. Although there were no initial increases in total inorganic N and available P in soil with digestate application, an increase in the fresh weight of crop was observed with the high dose application. This is probably associated with the slow nutrient release from the digestate during the development of the crop. Changes in the microbial community were temporary and occurred at the initial sampling stage of the experiment.
引文
Ahmad R,Jabeen N.2009.Demonstration of crop improvement in sunflower(Helianthus annus L.)by the use of organic fertilizers under saline conditions.Pak J Bot.41:1373-1384.
Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Bernal M P.2012a.Chemical properties of anaerobic digestates affecting C and N dynamics in amended soils.Agric Ecosyst Environ.160:15-22.
Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Campoy M,Carrasco L,N′ajera I,Baixauli C,Caravaca F,Rold′an A,Cegarra J,Bernal M P.2012b.Agricultural use of digestate for horticultural crop production and improvement of soil properties.Eur J Agron.43:119-128.
Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Ferrer-Costa A,Carrasco L,Cegarra J,Abad M,Bernal M P.2012c.Assessment of the fertiliser potential of digestates from farm and agroindustrial residues.Biomass Bioenergy.40:181-189.
American Public Health Association(APHA).1992.Standardized Methods for the Analysis of Drinking and Residual Waters(in Spanish).17th Edn.D′?az de Santos,Madrid.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SAG-yP)29570-1.2010.Extractable Phosphorus Determination in Soils.Part 1-Bray Kurtz 1 Modified Method(Extraction with Ammonium Fluoride Solution-hydrochloric Acid)(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SAG-yP)29573.2017.Determination of Ammonium,Nitrite and Nitrate in Soil Samples(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SA-GyP)29574.2011.Soil pH Determination for Agricultural Use(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SAG-yP)29579.2011.Electrical Conductivity in Saturated Extract(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Baldoncini A M.2015.Effects of the application of fertilizers on the pH of Oncativo series soils.Area of consolidation extensive agricultural production systems(in Spanish).Available online at https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/11086/1-849/Baldoncini%20%20Efectos%20de%0la%20aplicaci%C3-%B3n%20de%20fertilizantes%20sobre%20el%20pH.pdf?sequence=1(verified on December 18,2017).
Bame I B,Hughes J C,Titshall L W,Buckley C A.2014.The effect of irrigation with anaerobic baffled reactor effluent on nutrient availability,soil properties and maize growth.Agric Water Manage.134:50-59.
Bernal Calder′on M P,Alburquerque M′endez J A,Bustamante Mu?noz M′A,Carrillo R C.2011.Probiogas PSE.Guide for agricultural use of digested materials by biomethanization(in Spanish).Available online at http://213.229.136.11/bases/ainia probiogas.nsf/0/89A368DD73F7282DC-125753F00587325/$FILE/PROBIOGAS GuiaDigerido.pdf(verified on July 16,2018).
British Standards Institution(BSI).2010.Publicly Available Specification(PAS)110:2010 Specification for Whole Digestate,Separated Liquor and Separated Fibre Derived from the Anaerobic Digestion of Source-segregated Biodegradable Materials.British Standards Institution,London.
Burton C H,Turner C.2003.Manure Management:Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture.2nd Edn.Silsoe Research Institute,Wrest Park,Silsoe,Bedford.
Chantigny M H,Angers D A,Rochette P,B′elanger G,Mass′e D,C?ot′e D.2007.Gaseous nitrogen emissions and forage nitrogen uptake on soils fertilized with raw and treated swine manure.J Environ Qual.36:1864-1872.
De la Fuente C,Alburquerque J A,Clemente R,Bernal M P.2013.Soil C and N mineralisation and agricultural value of the products of an anaerobic digestion system.Biol Fertil Soils.49:313-322.
Demirel B,G¨ol N P,Onay T T.2013.Evaluation of heavy metal content in digestate from batch anaerobic co-digestion of sunflower hulls and poultry manure.J Mater Cycles Waste Manage.15:242-246.
Di Rienzo J A,Casanoves F,Balzarini M G,Gonzalez L,Tablada M,Robledo C W.2008.InfoStat Version 2008(in Spanish).Group InfoStat,FCA,National University of C′ordoba,C′ordoba.
Faith M,Rivas O.2012.Obtaining a soil improver as a byproduct of the anaerobic digestion of organic waste in the TEC.Technol Advance(in Spanish).25(3):19-27.
Fern′andez Salgado J M.2009.Gaseous biofuels and biodigesters.In Fern′andez Salgado J M(ed.)Complete Guide of Biomass and Biofuels(in Spanish).Mundi-Prensa,Madrid.pp.147-168.
He Z Q,Pagliari P H,Waldrip H M.2016.Applied and environmental chemistry of animal manure:A review.Pedosphere.26:779-816.
Huijsmans J F M,Hol J M G,Hendriks M M W B.2001.Effect of application technique,manure characteristics,weather and field conditions on ammonia volatilization from manure applied to grassland.NJAS-Wageningen J Life Sci.49:323-342.
Iocoli G A,G′omez M A.2015.Use of anaerobic digestion of pig slurry:Biological activity of the soil and plant development.Ci Suelo(J Argentine Assoc Soil Sci)(in Spanish).33:1-9.
Jenkinson D S,Powlson D S.1976.The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil-V:A method for measuring soil biomass.Soil Biol Biochem.8:209-213.
Loria E R,Sawyer J E.2005.Extractable soil phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen following application of raw and anaerobically digested swine manure.Agron J.97:879-885.
Melgar R.2012.Guide 2012:Fertilisers,Amendments and Nutritional Products(in Spanish).Agro-publishing:Fertilize Civil Association,Buenos Aires.
M¨oller K,Stinner W.2009.Effects of different manuring systems with and without biogas digestion on soil mineral nitrogen content and on gaseous nitrogen losses(ammonia,nitrous oxides).Eur J Agron.30:1-16.
Montemurro F,Ferri D,Tittarelli F,Canali S,Vitti C.2010.Anaerobic digestate and on-farm compost application:Effects on lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)crop production and soil properties.Compost Sci Util.18:184-193.
Nkoa R.2014.Agricultural benefits and environmental risks of soil fertilization with anaerobic digestates:A review.Agron Sustain Dev.34:473-492.
Odlare M,Pell M,Svensson K.2008.Changes in soil chemical and microbiological properties during 4 years of application of various organic residues.Waste Manage.28:1246-1253.
Ogunwande G A,Osunade J A,Ogunjimi L A O.2008.Effects of carbon to nitrogen ratio and turning frequency on composting chicken litter in turned-windrow piles.Agr Eng Int CIGR J.10:1-16.
Pampill′on-Gonz′alez L,Luna-Guido M,Ru′?z-Valdiviezo V M,Franco-Hern′andez O,Fern′andez-Luque?no F,Paredes-L′opez O,Hern′andez G,Dendooven L.2017.Greenhouse gas emissions and growth of wheat cultivated in soil amended with digestate from biogas production.Pedosphere.27:318-327.
Rotondo R,Firpo I T,Ferreras L,Toresani S,Fern′andez S,G′omez E.2009.Effect of organic amendments application and nitrogenous fertilizer on soil properties and productivity in horticultural crops.Argentine Hortic(in Spanish).28:18-25.
Sahlstr¨om L.2003.A review of survival of pathogenic bacteria in organic waste used in biogas plants.Bioresour Technol.87:161-166.
Stenstr¨om J,Svensson K,Johansson M.2001.Reversible transition between active and dormant microbial states in soil.FEMS Microbiol Ecol.36:93-104.
Tambone F,Genevini P,D’Imporzano G,Adani F.2009.Assessing amendment properties of digestate by studying the organic matter composition and the degree of biological stability during the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of MSW.Bioresour Technol.100:3140-3142.
Vance E D,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D S.1987.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C.Soil Biol Biochem.19:703-707.
Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Bernal M P.2012a.Chemical properties of anaerobic digestates affecting C and N dynamics in amended soils.Agric Ecosyst Environ.160:15-22.
Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Campoy M,Carrasco L,N′ajera I,Baixauli C,Caravaca F,Rold′an A,Cegarra J,Bernal M P.2012b.Agricultural use of digestate for horticultural crop production and improvement of soil properties.Eur J Agron.43:119-128.
Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Ferrer-Costa A,Carrasco L,Cegarra J,Abad M,Bernal M P.2012c.Assessment of the fertiliser potential of digestates from farm and agroindustrial residues.Biomass Bioenergy.40:181-189.
American Public Health Association(APHA).1992.Standardized Methods for the Analysis of Drinking and Residual Waters(in Spanish).17th Edn.D′?az de Santos,Madrid.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SAG-yP)29570-1.2010.Extractable Phosphorus Determination in Soils.Part 1-Bray Kurtz 1 Modified Method(Extraction with Ammonium Fluoride Solution-hydrochloric Acid)(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SAG-yP)29573.2017.Determination of Ammonium,Nitrite and Nitrate in Soil Samples(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SA-GyP)29574.2011.Soil pH Determination for Agricultural Use(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Argentine Institute of Standardization and Certification-Secretariat of Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries(IRAM-SAG-yP)29579.2011.Electrical Conductivity in Saturated Extract(in Spanish).Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification,Buenos Aires.
Baldoncini A M.2015.Effects of the application of fertilizers on the pH of Oncativo series soils.Area of consolidation extensive agricultural production systems(in Spanish).Available online at https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/11086/1-849/Baldoncini%20%20Efectos%20de%0la%20aplicaci%C3-%B3n%20de%20fertilizantes%20sobre%20el%20pH.pdf?sequence=1(verified on December 18,2017).
Bame I B,Hughes J C,Titshall L W,Buckley C A.2014.The effect of irrigation with anaerobic baffled reactor effluent on nutrient availability,soil properties and maize growth.Agric Water Manage.134:50-59.
Bernal Calder′on M P,Alburquerque M′endez J A,Bustamante Mu?noz M′A,Carrillo R C.2011.Probiogas PSE.Guide for agricultural use of digested materials by biomethanization(in Spanish).Available online at http://213.229.136.11/bases/ainia probiogas.nsf/0/89A368DD73F7282DC-125753F00587325/$FILE/PROBIOGAS GuiaDigerido.pdf(verified on July 16,2018).
British Standards Institution(BSI).2010.Publicly Available Specification(PAS)110:2010 Specification for Whole Digestate,Separated Liquor and Separated Fibre Derived from the Anaerobic Digestion of Source-segregated Biodegradable Materials.British Standards Institution,London.
Burton C H,Turner C.2003.Manure Management:Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture.2nd Edn.Silsoe Research Institute,Wrest Park,Silsoe,Bedford.
Chantigny M H,Angers D A,Rochette P,B′elanger G,Mass′e D,C?ot′e D.2007.Gaseous nitrogen emissions and forage nitrogen uptake on soils fertilized with raw and treated swine manure.J Environ Qual.36:1864-1872.
De la Fuente C,Alburquerque J A,Clemente R,Bernal M P.2013.Soil C and N mineralisation and agricultural value of the products of an anaerobic digestion system.Biol Fertil Soils.49:313-322.
Demirel B,G¨ol N P,Onay T T.2013.Evaluation of heavy metal content in digestate from batch anaerobic co-digestion of sunflower hulls and poultry manure.J Mater Cycles Waste Manage.15:242-246.
Di Rienzo J A,Casanoves F,Balzarini M G,Gonzalez L,Tablada M,Robledo C W.2008.InfoStat Version 2008(in Spanish).Group InfoStat,FCA,National University of C′ordoba,C′ordoba.
Faith M,Rivas O.2012.Obtaining a soil improver as a byproduct of the anaerobic digestion of organic waste in the TEC.Technol Advance(in Spanish).25(3):19-27.
Fern′andez Salgado J M.2009.Gaseous biofuels and biodigesters.In Fern′andez Salgado J M(ed.)Complete Guide of Biomass and Biofuels(in Spanish).Mundi-Prensa,Madrid.pp.147-168.
He Z Q,Pagliari P H,Waldrip H M.2016.Applied and environmental chemistry of animal manure:A review.Pedosphere.26:779-816.
Huijsmans J F M,Hol J M G,Hendriks M M W B.2001.Effect of application technique,manure characteristics,weather and field conditions on ammonia volatilization from manure applied to grassland.NJAS-Wageningen J Life Sci.49:323-342.
Iocoli G A,G′omez M A.2015.Use of anaerobic digestion of pig slurry:Biological activity of the soil and plant development.Ci Suelo(J Argentine Assoc Soil Sci)(in Spanish).33:1-9.
Jenkinson D S,Powlson D S.1976.The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil-V:A method for measuring soil biomass.Soil Biol Biochem.8:209-213.
Loria E R,Sawyer J E.2005.Extractable soil phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen following application of raw and anaerobically digested swine manure.Agron J.97:879-885.
Melgar R.2012.Guide 2012:Fertilisers,Amendments and Nutritional Products(in Spanish).Agro-publishing:Fertilize Civil Association,Buenos Aires.
M¨oller K,Stinner W.2009.Effects of different manuring systems with and without biogas digestion on soil mineral nitrogen content and on gaseous nitrogen losses(ammonia,nitrous oxides).Eur J Agron.30:1-16.
Montemurro F,Ferri D,Tittarelli F,Canali S,Vitti C.2010.Anaerobic digestate and on-farm compost application:Effects on lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)crop production and soil properties.Compost Sci Util.18:184-193.
Nkoa R.2014.Agricultural benefits and environmental risks of soil fertilization with anaerobic digestates:A review.Agron Sustain Dev.34:473-492.
Odlare M,Pell M,Svensson K.2008.Changes in soil chemical and microbiological properties during 4 years of application of various organic residues.Waste Manage.28:1246-1253.
Ogunwande G A,Osunade J A,Ogunjimi L A O.2008.Effects of carbon to nitrogen ratio and turning frequency on composting chicken litter in turned-windrow piles.Agr Eng Int CIGR J.10:1-16.
Pampill′on-Gonz′alez L,Luna-Guido M,Ru′?z-Valdiviezo V M,Franco-Hern′andez O,Fern′andez-Luque?no F,Paredes-L′opez O,Hern′andez G,Dendooven L.2017.Greenhouse gas emissions and growth of wheat cultivated in soil amended with digestate from biogas production.Pedosphere.27:318-327.
Rotondo R,Firpo I T,Ferreras L,Toresani S,Fern′andez S,G′omez E.2009.Effect of organic amendments application and nitrogenous fertilizer on soil properties and productivity in horticultural crops.Argentine Hortic(in Spanish).28:18-25.
Sahlstr¨om L.2003.A review of survival of pathogenic bacteria in organic waste used in biogas plants.Bioresour Technol.87:161-166.
Stenstr¨om J,Svensson K,Johansson M.2001.Reversible transition between active and dormant microbial states in soil.FEMS Microbiol Ecol.36:93-104.
Tambone F,Genevini P,D’Imporzano G,Adani F.2009.Assessing amendment properties of digestate by studying the organic matter composition and the degree of biological stability during the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of MSW.Bioresour Technol.100:3140-3142.
Vance E D,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D S.1987.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C.Soil Biol Biochem.19:703-707.