华北型煤田矿井岩溶水涌(突)出机理与涌(突)水量预测方法探讨
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摘要
北方岩溶水系统的形成与相关河流的发育贯通相辅相成。不同的岩溶水系统模式表现出不同的地下水动力学特征,岩溶水径流带控制的岩溶水网络系统是北方岩溶水系统的基本特征。天然状态下,华北型煤田煤层顶板砂岩地下水系统与底板岩溶地下水系统有水力联系的区域,是矿井岩溶水涌(突)出的危险区。煤矿采掘工程打破了煤层顶、底板地下水系统水压力平衡,在压差作用下,承压岩溶水的"压裂"作用对构造煤系发育层段的疏通有着重要作用。承压岩溶水的释放或涌(突)出,是岩溶承压含水层弹性贮存量的释放,岩溶水运动属非稳定流。将断层等线形过水断面概化成环状井(孔)过水断面,则可用定降深非稳定流承压井流方程,预测可能的岩溶水涌(突)水流量及其变化规律。对流量函数Q(t)定积分,则可预测任意延续时间段的涌(突)水量。基于承压岩溶水弹性释放的非稳定流矿井岩溶水涌(突)水量预测方法,突破了岩溶水涌(突)水量无法预测的禁锢,对提升矿井岩溶水防治水平,解放华北型煤田下组煤有积极、重要意义。
The formation of North China karstic water systems and developmental link up with related rivers are complementary to each other.Different karstic water system modes have presented different groundwater hydrodynamic features.The karstic water network system controlled by karstic water runoff zone is fundamental feature of North China karstic water systems.Under natural state,the regions of North China type coalfield coal roof sandstone groundwater system hydraulically connected with coal floor karstic groundwater system are the hazardous mine karstic water inrush(bursting) regions.Coalmine excavation engineering can destroy hydraulic pressure balance between coal roof and floor groundwater systems.Under the pressure differential action,the"fracturing"of confined karstic water has major significance on dredging between coal measures structure developed segments.The confined karstic water release or inrush(bursting) is the release of confined karstic water aquifer elastic storage,while the karstic water movement belongs to unsteady flow.Taking the linear water-carrying sections of fault etc.conceptualized into looped well(borehole) water-carrying sections,can use constant drawdown unsteady confined well flow equation to predict potential karstic water inrush(bursting) flow and its variation.The definite integral of flow function Q(t) can predict arbitrary duration water inrush(bursting) flow.The confined karstic water elastic release unsteady flow mine karstic water inrush(bursting) flow prediction method is a breakthrough to the confining of unpredictable karstic water inrush(bursting) flow thus is positive and significant in the release of coals from lower coal group in North China type coalfields.
The formation of North China karstic water systems and developmental link up with related rivers are complementary to each other.Different karstic water system modes have presented different groundwater hydrodynamic features.The karstic water network system controlled by karstic water runoff zone is fundamental feature of North China karstic water systems.Under natural state,the regions of North China type coalfield coal roof sandstone groundwater system hydraulically connected with coal floor karstic groundwater system are the hazardous mine karstic water inrush(bursting) regions.Coalmine excavation engineering can destroy hydraulic pressure balance between coal roof and floor groundwater systems.Under the pressure differential action,the"fracturing"of confined karstic water has major significance on dredging between coal measures structure developed segments.The confined karstic water release or inrush(bursting) is the release of confined karstic water aquifer elastic storage,while the karstic water movement belongs to unsteady flow.Taking the linear water-carrying sections of fault etc.conceptualized into looped well(borehole) water-carrying sections,can use constant drawdown unsteady confined well flow equation to predict potential karstic water inrush(bursting) flow and its variation.The definite integral of flow function Q(t) can predict arbitrary duration water inrush(bursting) flow.The confined karstic water elastic release unsteady flow mine karstic water inrush(bursting) flow prediction method is a breakthrough to the confining of unpredictable karstic water inrush(bursting) flow thus is positive and significant in the release of coals from lower coal group in North China type coalfields.
引文
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[22]王锋利,大同煤田岩溶发育特征研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2018,30(11).
[23]傅耀军,方向清.矿床水文地质勘查类型划分探讨[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,23(9).
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[2]地质矿产部,中国统配煤矿总公司,冶金工业部,中国有色金属总公司.中国北方岩溶地下水资源及大水矿区岩溶水预测、利用与管理研究[R].北京:综合项目组,1990.
[3]刘光亚.基岩地下水[M].北京:地质出版社,1979.
[4]傅耀军,林曾平.长治盆地奥陶系岩溶及岩溶水网络特征[M]//中国地质学会岩溶地质专业委员会.中国北方岩溶和岩溶水研究.广西桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1993:134-139.
[5]薛禹群.地下水动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[6]陈崇希.地下水不稳定流计算方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.
[7]同济大学数学教研室.高等数学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1978.
[8]王苏民,吴锡浩,张振克,等.三门峡湖积记录的环境变迁与黄河贯通东流研究[J].中国科学,2001,(9):760-768.
[9]张珂.河流竞争-以汾河与晋陕黄河形成演化为例[J].第四纪研究,2012,(5):859-864.
[10]梁全武.山西霍县地区汾河发育历史及第四纪地层[J].太原工学院学报,1981,(4):112-123.
[11]傅建利,张珂,马占武,等.中更新世以来高阶地发育与中游黄河贯通[J].地学前缘,2013,(4):166-181.
[12]卲爱军,刘唐生,卲太生,等.煤矿地下水与底板突水[M].北京:地震出版社,2001.
[13]任占春,黄波.胜利油田水平井多级压裂技术研究与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2016.
[14]尹向艺,雷群,丁云宏,等.煤层气压裂技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[15]苏俊.煤层气勘探开发方法与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[16]赵庆彪,等.华北型煤田深部煤层开采区域防治水理论与成套技术[M].北京:地质出版社,2016.
[17]周训,胡伏生,何江涛,等.地下水科学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
[18]武强,赵苏启,董书宁,等.煤矿防止水手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2013.
[19]方向清,傅耀军,王红燕,等.华北型煤田岩溶充水矿床充水模式及特征[J].中国煤炭地质,2013,25(9).
[20]方向清,傅耀军.采煤对峰峰矿区黑龙洞泉岩溶水系统影响程度评价[J].中国煤炭地质,2012,24(3).
[21]方向清,傅耀军,华解明.我国古岩溶分布特征研究[J].中国煤炭地质(原中国煤田地质),2007,19(S2).
[22]王锋利,大同煤田岩溶发育特征研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2018,30(11).
[23]傅耀军,方向清.矿床水文地质勘查类型划分探讨[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,23(9).
[24]方向清,王红燕,万雪林,等.华北型煤田下组煤突(涌)水模式及特征[J].中国煤炭地质,2015,27(8).