《古藏文编年史》研究综述
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摘要
本文先叙述有关P. t. 1286+P. t. 1287 《古藏文编年史》的一般研究情况,接着讨论P. t. 1287的分节及其主要内容,然后分别就文书的编纂年代、体裁特点和文献来源等方面进行介绍。本文指出,自上世纪四十年代《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》问世以来,人们习惯于将《古藏文编年史》视作《吐蕃大事纪年》的姊妹篇,以之为建构吐蕃史最基本的素材之一。但从已有研究可以看出,《古藏文编年史》更似"说书"的底本,而非历史事件的真实描述。
引文
(1)Jacques Bacot,Frederick W.Thomas,Charles G.Toussaint,Documents de Touen-houang relatifs a l’histoire du Tibet,Paris:Libraire Orientaliste Paul Geuthner,1940.按由于战争,本书实际至1946年才面世,因此许多学者也将其出版时间写作1940-1946年。
(1)参见如G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”in Alfredo Cadonna ed.,Turfan and Tun-huang:The Texts.Encounter of Civilizations on the Silk Route,Firenze:Leo S.Olschki Editore,1992,pp.123-124;Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents:Methods and A Case Study,Wien:Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universitt Wien,2016,p.119.
(2)按,关于古藏文专名词的翻译,本应古音古译。但由于王尧和陈践《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》流传较广,现若另出一套译名,或将引起混乱,故一般情况下皆采用他们的译名。
(3)藏文也作dbu khyud,是书头或篇首一种弯曲状的起始符号,或译作书头符。见巴桑旺堆《关于古藏文写本的研究方法的再探索》,《中国藏学》2009年第3期,第68页。
(4)Marcelle Lalou,Inventaire des manuscrits tibétains de Touen-houang conservésàla Bibliothèque Nationale(Fonds Pelliot tibétain),Tome III,Paris:Bibliothèque nationale de France,1961,p.2.
(5)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290:essai sur la formation et l’emploi des mythes politiques dans la religion royale de Srong bcan Sgam po,”in Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]ed.,Etudes tibétaines dedieesàla mémoire de Marcelle Lalou,Paris:Adrien Maisonneuve,1971,pp.195-196;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,西宁:青海人民出版社,2010年,第8-11页。按Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]的Macdonald是其夫姓,因此早年中国学者也称其麦克唐纳夫人。但后来她离婚,遂改回原来的姓Spanien。
(1)Cf.Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.120.
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.124.
(3)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.128.
(4)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.190-391;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,西宁:青海人民出版社,1991年。
(1)Rolf A.Stein,“Apropos of the Word gtsug lag and the Indigenous Religion,”in Rolf Stein's Tibetica Antiqua:With Additional Materials,trans.and ed.by Arthur P.McK eown,Leiden:Brill,2010,p.117
(2)Hor khang b Sod nams dpal’bar sogs kyis bsgrigs霍康·索郎边巴等编,d Ge’dun chos’phel gyi gsung rtsom根敦群培著作,deb gsum pa第3册,Lhasa:Bod ljongs bod yig dpe rnying dpe skrun khang,1994,pp.123-300.Cf.Leonard W.J.van der Kuijp,“Tibetan Historiography,”in JoséIgnacio Cabezón and Roger R.Jackson ed.,Tibetan Literature:Studies in Genre,New York:Snow Lion Publication,1996,p.40.按《根敦群培著作》初版于1990年。
(3)王尧、陈践译注《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》,北京:民族出版社,1992年。
(4)任小波《评多特生、哈佐德〈吐蕃纪年译注并附图说〉》,姚大力、刘迎胜主编《清华元史》第3辑,北京:商务印书馆,2015年,第467页。
(5)黄布凡、马德《敦煌藏文吐蕃史文献译注》,兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2000年。
(6)Yoshiro Imaeda and Tsuguhito Takeuchi et al eds.,Tibetan Documents from Dunhuang Kept at the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the British Library:65 texts in transliteration,Old Tibetan Documents Online Monograph Series,vol.1,Tokyo:ILCAA,Tokyo University of Foreign Studies,2007.
(1)Brandon Dotson,The Old Tibetan Annals:An Annotated Translation of Tibet’s First History.With an Annotated Cartographical Documentation by Guntram Hazod,Vienna:Verlag dersterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,2009.
(2)H.H.the Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang,trans.Meghan Howard with Tsultrim Nakchu,A History of the Tibetan Empire:Drawn from the Dunhuang Manuscript,Dehra Dun,India:Songtsen Library,2011.本书原为藏文,Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang,Dun hong bod kyi yig rngying las byung ba/bod btsan povi rgyal rabs,Dehra Dun,India:Srong btsan dpe mdzod khang,2010.
(3)[日]佐藤长《古代チベット史研究》,京都:同朋舍,1977年(本书初版于1958年),第207-209、245页。
(4)Rolf A.Stein,La civilisation tibétaine,Paris,1962;rééd.revue et augmentée,Paris,1981;1987,3rd ed.Tibetan civilization,translated by J.E.Stapleton Driver,Stanford:Stanford University Press,1972;耿昇译《西藏的文明》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2012年。
(5)Erik Haarh,The Yar-lu Dynasty:A Study with Particular regard to the Contribution by Myths and Legends to the History of Ancient Tibet and the Origin and Nature of Its Kings,Kbenhavn:G.E.E.Gad’s Verlag,1969,pp.211-212,231-232,401-406.
(6)[日]山口瑞鳳《吐蕃王家の祖先---sT o lom ma tseの意味》,《駒澤大學佛教學部研究紀要》第31卷,1973年,第360-337页。
(1)Hélène Vetch,“Analyse de Rouleaux P.T.1286 et 1287,”in Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]and Yoshiro Imaeda ed.,Choix de documents tibétains conservésàla Bibliothèque nationale:complétépar quelques manuscrits de l’India office et du British Museum,Tome 2,Paris:Bibliothèque nationale de France,1979,pp.23-31.
(2)Yoshiro Imaeda,“P.T.1286 et 1287,”in Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]and Yoshiro Imaeda ed.,Choix de documents tibétains conservésàla Bibliothèque nationale:complétépar quelques manuscrits de l’India office et du British Museum,Tome 2,pp.21-23.
(3)[日]山口瑞鳳《吐蕃王国成立史研究》,東京:岩波書店,1983年。
(4)[日]山口瑞鳳主编《講座敦煌》6《敦煌胡語文獻》,東京:大東出版社,1985年,第453-489页。其中第四章第二部分中的《吐蕃史文献》和《史传文学---讽喻歌、应答歌》两节翻译了P.t.1287的许多段落。
(5)Don grub rgya,l“Mgur glu’i lo rgyus dang khyad chos,”in Ban kho and b Kra rgyal eds.,Dpal don grub rgyal gyi gsung’bum,vol.3,Beijing:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,1997,pp.316-582.(本文初版于1984年).
(6)Tsuguhito Takeuch,i“A Passage from the Shih-chi in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”in B.Aziz&M.Kapstein eds.,Soundings in Tibetan Civilization,New Delhi,1985,pp.135-146.
(7)参见如《吐蕃赞普墀松德赞研究》,台北:台湾商务印书馆,1989年;《唐代吐蕃史论集》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2006年;《唐代吐蕃历史与文化论集》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2007年;《唐代吐蕃史研究》,台北:联经出版事业公司,2011年;《唐代吐蕃宰相制度之研究》,台北:联经,2015年;《玉帛干戈:唐蕃关系史研究》,台北:联经出版事业公司,2016年。
(8)李勤璞《铜匣(zangs kyi ga’u)漂流记---聂赤赞普和支贡赞普》,《中国社会科学》1997年第1期,第168-182页;英文版Li Qinpu,“The Zangs-kyi Gavu(Brase Case)and Its Drift-Gnyav-khri btsan-po and Grigum btsan-po,”Social Sciences in China,vol.1999.1,pp.114-133.
(9)b Tsan lhan Ngag dbang tshul khrims,brD a dkrol gser gyi me long,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrunkhang,1997.
(1)Gya’gong dkon mchog tshes brtan高瑞,Bod kyi brda rnying yig cha bdams bsgrisgs吐蕃文献选读,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,1995;Idem,Bod kyi brda rnying yig cha rtsa chen bdams bsgrigs rnams kyi tsig don kun nas khrol bar byas pa rab gsel me long吐蕃古藏文文献诠释,Lan khru:Kan su’u mi rigs dpe skrun khang,2001.
(2)Kha sgang b Kra shis tshe ring ed.,bod kyi yid rnying zhib’jub藏族文献研究,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,2003.
(3)参见如rG ya ye bkra bho,“《Tun hong nas thon pa’i bod kyi lo rgyus yig cha’i》khrod kyi‘brla’brdungs’zhes par dpyad pa,”pp.323-326;Sang rgyas mkhar,“Tun hong gter yig las‘’bang kyi nang na/dor te phyug tshams ste’dzom dpa’ba’i mtshan mar/stagi thog bu stsal to’zhes byung ba’i don dang de’brel kyi lo rgyus la dpyad pa,”pp.417-431;Sang rgyas mkhar,“Tun hong gter yig la byung ba’i‘g.yag zhu’i’skor gleng ba,”pp.456-460.
(4)Chab’gag rT a mgrin,“Tun hong yig rnying khrod kyi mi sna’i ngag rgyun bshad pa,”敦煌研究院编《敦煌吐蕃文化学术研讨会论文集》,兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2009年,第33-46页。
(5)Chab’gag rD o rje tshe ring,Bu bzhis Sam pa’i don grub,sT ob sldan,Rin chen nor bu ed.,Bod kyi rT som rig lo rgyas藏族文学史,Deb dang bo,Lhasa:Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang,2013,pp.43-76.
(6)Nathan W.Hil,l“The Old Tibetan Chronicle:Chapter 1,”Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines,vol.10,2006,pp.89-101;Bettina Zeisler,“For Love of the Word:A New Translation of Pelliot tibétain 1287,the Old Tibetan Chronicle,Chapter I”,in Yoshiro Imaeda,Matthew T.Kapstein and Tsuguhito Takeuchi ed.,New Studies of the Old Tibetan Documents:Philology,History and Religion,Old Tibetan Documents Online Monograph Series Vol.III,Tokyo:IL-CAA,Tokyo University of Foreign Studies,2011,pp.97-213;任小波《赞普葬仪的先例与吐蕃王政的起源---敦煌P.t.1287号〈吐蕃赞普传记〉第1节新探》,《敦煌吐鲁番研究》第13卷,上海:上海古籍出版社,2013年,第419-440页。
(7)任小波《吐蕃盟歌的文学情味与政治意趣---敦煌P.t.1287号〈吐蕃赞普传记〉第5、8节探析》,《中国藏学》2012年第2期,第114-119页。文书第12节,任小波文据王尧和陈践的分节作第8节。
(8)任小波《吐蕃盟誓研究》,中央民族大学历史文化学院博士学位论文,2010年。
(9)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents:Methods and A Case Study,Wien:Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universitt Wien,2016.
(1)G.Uray,“’Gre,The Alleged Old Tibetan Equivalent of the Ethnic Name Ch’iang,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.XIX,1966,pp.245-256.
(2)G.Uray,“Traces of a Narrative of the Old Tibetan Chronicle in the Mkhas-pa’i dga’-ston,”Monumenta Serica,vol.XXVI(Li Fang Kuei Festschrift),1967(1969),pp.498-505.
(3)G.Uray,“Notes on a Chronological Problem in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.XXI,1968,pp.289-299;Idem,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.123-143.
(4)G.Uray,“Queen Sad-mar-kar’s Songs in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.XXV,1972,pp.5-38.
(5)这件文书记载琼波·邦色苏孜(Khyung po sP ung sad zu tse)的早年事迹,其内容大部分与P.t.1287重叠。有关这件文书的最新翻译,见黄维忠《英藏敦煌藏文文献IOT TIB J 1375译释》,《西藏民族大学学报》2016年第2期,第55-58页。
(6)这件文书记述松赞干布的祖父达布聂息(sT ag bu snya gzigs)被关押的事情。文书残损,难于识读,其内容不见于P.t.1286和P.t.1287。
(7)G.Uray,“The Narrative of Legislation and Organization in mK has-pa’i d Ga’-Ston:The Origin of the Traditions Concerning Sro-brcan sG am-po as First Legislation and Organizer of Tibet,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.26.1,1972,pp.11-68.
(1)G.Uray,“The Old Tibetan Sources of the History of Central Asia up to 751 A.D.:A Survey,”in János Harmatta,ed.,Prolegomena to the Sources on the History of Pre-Islamic Central Asia,Budapest:Akadémiai Kiadó,1979,pp.284-287.
(2)引者按,当是649年
(3)Hugh E.Richardson,“How Old Was Srong brtsan sgam po?”Bulletin of Tibetology II/1,1965,pp.5-8;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,London:Serindia Publications,1998,pp.3-6.
(4)Hugh E.Richardson,“Names and Titles in Early Tibetan Records,”Bulletin of Tibetology IV-1,1967,pp.5-20;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,12-24.
(5)Hugh E.Richardson,“Tibetan Chis and Tshis,”Asia Major,vol.xiv.2,1969,pp.254-256;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.25-27.
(6)Hugh E.Richardson,“Further Fragments from Tun Huang,”Bulletin of Tibetology,vol.6,no.1,1969,pp.5-13;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.28-36.
(7)Hugh E.Richardson,“Ministers of the Tibetan Kingdom,”The Tibet Jounal II-1,1977,pp.10-27;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.56-73.
(8)Hugh E.Richardson,“The Mgar Family in Seventh Century Tibet,”Reflections on Tibetan Culture,Lewiston,1990,pp.49-58;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.114-123.
(9)Hugh E.Richardson,“The Origin of Tibetan Kingdom,”Bulletin of Tibetology,new series,no.3,1989,pp.5-19;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.124-134.
(1)Hugh E.Richardson,“The Province of the Bde-blon of the Tibetan Empire,8th to 9th Centuries,”in P.Daffinàed.,Indo-Sino-Tibetica:Studi in onore di Luciano Petech.A Collection of Oreintal Studies Presented to Professor Petechon the Occasi on of His 75th Birthday,Roma:BardiE ditore,1990,pp.305-332;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.167-175.
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(3)Brandon Dotson,“Sources for the Old Tibetan Chronicle:A Fragment from the Non-Extant Chronicle Pothi,”in Yoshiro Imaeda,Matthew T.Kapstein and Tsuguhito Takeuchi ed.,New Studies of the Old Tibetan Documents,pp.231-245.
(4)Brandon Dotson,“The Unhappy Bride and Her Lament,”Journal of the International Association for Bon Research,Volume 1,Inaugural Issue,2013,pp.199-225.
(5)Brandon Dotson,“The Princess and the Yak:The Hunt as Narrative Trope and Historical Reality,”in Brandon Dotson,Kazushi Iwao&Tsuguhito Takeuchi eds.,Scribes,Texts,and Rituals in Early Tibet and Dunhuang.Wiesbaden:Reichert Verlag,2013,pp.61-85.
(6)Brandon Dotson,“Naming the King:Accession,Death,and Afterlife through the Re-,Un-,and Nick-Naming of Tibet’s King,”Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 24,2015,pp.1-27.
(1)Brandon Dotson,“The Dead and Their Stories:Preliminary Remarks on the Place of Narrative in Tibetan Religion,”in hristoph Cüppers,Robert Mayer and Michael Walter ed.,Tibet after Empire:Culture,Society and Religion between 850-1000,Lumbini:Lumbini International Research Institute,2013,pp.51-83.
(2)András Róna-Tas,“Social Terms in the List Grants of the Tibetan Tun-huang Chronicle,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.5.3,1955,pp.249-270.
(3)原为英文:“Tibetan Glo-ba-’dring,”in Studia Serica Bernhard Karlgren Dedicata,1959,pp.55-59;汉译文收入《李方桂全集》1《汉藏语论文集》,吴昭瑾、林英津译,北京:清华大学出版社,2012年,第523-527页。
(4)[日]山口瑞鳳《敦煌チベット文語の解釈について---lde buとlte buの混同》,《東京大学文学部文化交流研究施設研究紀要》第1號,1975年,第31-41页。
(5)Yoshiro Imaema,“Towards an Interpretation of the Word Chis,”in Michael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi eds.,Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson:Proceedings of the International Seminar on Tibetan Studies,Oxford 1979,Warminster:Aris and Phillips LTD,1980,pp.131-132.
(6)Rolf A.Stein,Rolf Stein's Tibetica Antiqua:With Additional Materials,translated and edited by Arthur P.McK eown,Leiden:Brill,2010.
(7)Michael L.Walter,Buddhism and Empire:The Political and Religious Culture of Early Tibet,Leiden:Brill,2009.
(1)Bettina Zeisler,“The Seven Stars of Heaven:A Gift for a Reconvalescent,”in Charls Ramble and U.Roesler eds.,Tibetan&Himalayan Healing.An Anthology for Anthony Aris,Kathmandu:Vajra Books,2015,pp.754-764.
(2)陈践《若干典型古藏文语词疏译之一---重读〈敦煌本吐蕃历史文书〉之体会》,《中国藏学》2015年S0期,第62-74页;《吐蕃藏文文献词语释读琑议》,《民族翻译》2015年第4期,第61-64页;《若干典型古藏文语词疏译之二》,《中国藏学》2016年第3期,第5-10页;《若干典型古藏文语词疏译之三》,《中国藏学》2016年第4期,第24-33页;《温故知新---重读〈敦煌本吐蕃历史文书〉体会之二》,《民族翻译》2016年第3期,第19-23页;陈践、杨本加《吐蕃时期藏文文献中的盟誓》,《中国藏学》2009年第3期,第133-141页。
(3)rGya ye bkra bho,“《Tun hong nas thon pa’i bod kyi lo rgyus yig cha’i》khrod kyi‘brla’brdungs’zhes par dpyad pa”论《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》中“brla’brdungs”一词的含义,Khrong go’i bod rig pa中国藏学,vol.2000.1,pp.69-73;reprinted in Kha sgang b Kra shis tshe ring ed.,bod kyi yid rnying zhib’jub藏族文献研究,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,2003,pp.323-326;Bar kha Ngag dkon,“Tun hong nas thon pa’i bod kyi lo rgyus yig cha las rgyal phran rim byung gi yul ming skor mdo tsam gleng ba”敦煌吐蕃文献中的小邦地名考证,Krung go’i bod rigs pa中国藏学,vol.2009.1,pp.67-80;卓鸿泽《杂胡称兜鍪为“突厥”说》,载氏著《历史语文学论丛初编》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2012年,第52-58页;卓鸿泽《“吐蕃”源出“秃(偷)发”问题析要》,载氏著《历史语文学论丛初编》,第70-97页;加羊达杰《〈敦煌本吐蕃历史文书·赞普传记〉汉译本散文部分的若干翻译问题》,《民族翻译》2012年第3期,第29-34页;刘凤强《敦煌吐蕃历史文书的“春秋笔法”》,《中国藏学》2014年第1期,第103-108页;Nathan W.Hil,l“‘Come as Lord of the Black-headed’-an Old Tibetan Mythic Formula,”Zentralasiantische Studien des Seminars für Sprach-und Kulturwissenschaft Zentralasiens des Universitat Bonn,vol.45,2016,pp.203-216;朱丽双《P.t.1287〈吐蕃赞普传记〉所见之’phan》,荣新江主编《唐研究》第22卷,北京:北京大学出版社,2016年,第377-396页;朱丽双《赞蒙赛玛噶之歌》,《中国藏学》2017年第2期,第88-107页。
(4)黄布凡《从敦煌吐蕃历史文献看藏文不自由虚词用法的演变---兼议藏文文法〈三十颂〉的写作年代》,敦煌研究院编《敦煌吐蕃文化学术研究会论文集》,兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2009年,第241-251页;Bettina Zeisler,“For Love of the Word,”pp.97-213;王志敬《敦煌藏文语法研究》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2012年;Nathan W.Hil,l“Personal Pronouns in Old Tibetan,”Journal Asiatique,vol.298.2,2010,pp.549-571;Idem,“The converb-las in Old Tibetan,”Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,vol.73.2,2010,pp.245-260;Idem,“The Emergence of the Pluralis Majestatis and the Relative Chronology of Old Tibetan Texts”,in Franz-Karl Ehrhard and Petra Maurer eds.,Nepalica-Tibetica:Festgabe for Christoph Cüppers,Andiast:International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Gmb H,2013,pp.249-262.
(1)Nathan W.Hil,l“The Emergence of the Pluralis Majestatis and the Relative Chronology of Old Tibetan Texts”,pp.249-262.
(2)参见黄布凡、马德《敦煌藏文吐蕃史文献译注》,兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2000年。
(1)Jacques Bacot,Frederick W.Thomas,Charles G.Toussaint,Documents de Touen-houang relatifs a l’histoire du Tibet,p.159,note 1.
(2)参见如佐藤长《古代チベット史研究》,第208页;Luciano Petech,“La Struttura del MS.Tib.Pelliot 1287,”Rivista degli Studi Orientali,XLIII,1968,pp.253-256;reprinted in Luciano Petech,Selected Papers on Asian History,Roma,1988,pp.309-311;Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.219-220;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第48-49页。
(1)G.Uray,“Notes on a Chronological Problem in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.289-299;Idem,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.126-127,130-131.
(1)Luciano Petech,“La Struttura del MS.Tib.Pelliot 1287,”pp.253-256;转引自G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.129.
(2)G.Uray“Notes on a Chronological Problem in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.298-299.
(3)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.333-334;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第231-234页。Blon rabs和btsun rabs二词出自构拟,故于其前加星号*。
(4)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.333-335;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第231-234页。
(1)Hélène Vetch,“Analyse de Rouleaux P.T.1286 et 1287,”pp.23-31.Cf.G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.132;Henk Blezer,“The Two Conquests of Zhang Zhung and the Many Lig-king of Bon:A Structural Analysis of the Bon ma nub pa’i gtan tshig,”in Anne Chayet,et al eds,Edition,éditions:l’écrit au Tibet,evolution et devenir,München:Indus Verlag,2010,p.24.
(2)Cf.G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.132.
(3)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.135-136.
(4)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.129-130.
(5)Henk Blezer,“The Two Conquests of Zhang Zhung and the Many Lig-king of Bon,”pp.23-31.
(1)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”p.264;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第125-126页;Tsuguhito Takeuch,i“A Passage from the Shih chi in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.135-146;李勤璞《铜匣(zangs kyi ga’u)漂流记---聂赤赞普和支贡赞普》,第168-182页;Brandon Dotson,“Theorising the King:Implicit and Explicit Sources for the Study of Tibetan Sacred Kingship,”Revue d’EtudesT ibétaines,vol.21,2011,pp.90-91;Brandon Dotson,“The Unhappy Bride and Her Lament,”pp.208-219;Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.121.
(2)Brandon Dotson,“Sources for the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.242-243.
(3)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.251-255;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第103-109页;G.Uray,“The Narrative of Legislation and Organization in mK has-pa’idG a’-Ston,”pp.37-39,n.91;Brandon Dotson,“Sources for the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”p.241;Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.125-126.
(4)郑炳林、黄维忠主编《敦煌吐蕃文献选辑·文学卷》,北京:民族出版社,2011年,录文见第163页;王尧、陈践译文见第182页。
(5)郑炳林、黄维忠主编《敦煌吐蕃文献选辑·文学卷》,录文见第160页;王尧、陈践译文见第180页。
(1)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.169.
(2)F.W.Thomas and S.Konow,“Two Medieval Documents from Tun-huang,”Publications of the Indian Institute I.3:Oslo Etnografiske Museums Skrifter III.3,1929,pp.122-160;E.R.Pulleyblank,“The Date of the Sta3lHolstein Roll,”Asia Major,new series,vol.4.1,1954,pp.91-95.
(3)G.Uray,“L’emploi du tibétain dans les chancelleries desétats du Kan-sou et de Khotan postérieursàla domination tibétaine,”Journal Asiatique CCLXIX,1981,pp.81-90.
(4)荣新江、朱丽双《一组反映10世纪于阗与敦煌关系的藏文文书研究》,收入同作者《于阗与敦煌》附录一,兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2013年,第375-376页。
(5)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.191,228,334-335;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第3、62-63、234页。
(6)G.Uray“The Old Tibetan Sources of the History of Central Asia up to 751 A.D.:A Survey,”p.285.
(1)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.124-125.按,据唐代史料,此人确为吾宜东丹时期的大相。
(2)Rolf A.Stein,“Tibetica Antiqua I:les deux vocabulaires des traductions indo-tibétane et sino-tibétane dans les manuscripts des Touen-Houang,”Bulletin de l’école fran9aise d’Extrême-Orient,vol.72,1983,pp.149-236;trans.and ed.by Arthur P.Mckeown,“Tibetica Antiqua I:The Two Vocabularies of Indo-Tibetan and Sino-Tibetan Translations in the Dunhuang Manuscripts,”in Arthur P.Mckeown trans.and ed.,Rolf Stein’s Tibetica Antiqua,pp.1-96.
(3)Rolf A.Stein,trans.and ed.by Arthur P.Mckeown,Rolf Stein’s Tibetica Antiqua,p.87,p.235.
(4)Michael L.Walter,Buddhism and Empire,p.xxii.
(5)Michael L.Walter,Buddhism and Empire,p.xxvi,note 5.
(6)Henk Blezer,“The Two Conquests of Zhang Zhung and the Many Lig-king of Bon,”p.27.
(7)Sam van Schaik and Imre Galambos,Manuscripts and Travellers:The Sino-Tibetan Documents of a Tenth-century Buddhist Pilgrim,Berlin:De Gruyter,2012,pp.31-32.
(1)马德《“特蕃”考》,《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2006年第5期,第78页。
(2)Brandon Dotson,“The Dead and Their Stories,”p.69.Cf.Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.130-134.关于820-840年之间敦煌抄写藏文和汉文《般若波罗蜜多经》和《无量寿宗要经》的活动,见Brandon Dotson,“The Remains of the Dharma:Editing,Rejecting,and Replacing the Buddha’s Words in Officially Commnissioned Sūtras from Dunhuang,820s-840s,”Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies,vol.36/37,2013/2014(2015),pp.5-68,esp.pp.56-57.
(3)Brandon Dotson,“The Dead and Their Stories,”p.69.
(4)Brandon Doston,“The Unhappy Bride and Her Lament,”p.202.
(5)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.23,134-136,163,172.
(6)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.162-163.
(7)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.164-169.
(1)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.333-334;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第231-233页。
(2)Yoshiro Imaeda,“P.T.1286 et 1287,”pp.21-23;Cf.G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.132-133.
(1)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.133.
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.134.
(3)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.135.
(1)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.126-128.
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.135-136.
(1)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.137-138;Cf.IOL Tib J 750《吐蕃大事纪年》,727年条和728年条(Brandon Dotson,The Old Tibetan Annals:An Annotated Translation of Tibet’s FirstH istory,pp.116-117);[后晋]刘昫等撰《旧唐书》卷196《吐蕃传上》,北京:中华书局,1975年,第5229页。
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.138-139.
(3)Bettina Zeisler,“For Love of the Word”,pp.97-213.
(1)参见如G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”in Alfredo Cadonna ed.,Turfan and Tun-huang:The Texts.Encounter of Civilizations on the Silk Route,Firenze:Leo S.Olschki Editore,1992,pp.123-124;Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents:Methods and A Case Study,Wien:Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universitt Wien,2016,p.119.
(2)按,关于古藏文专名词的翻译,本应古音古译。但由于王尧和陈践《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》流传较广,现若另出一套译名,或将引起混乱,故一般情况下皆采用他们的译名。
(3)藏文也作dbu khyud,是书头或篇首一种弯曲状的起始符号,或译作书头符。见巴桑旺堆《关于古藏文写本的研究方法的再探索》,《中国藏学》2009年第3期,第68页。
(4)Marcelle Lalou,Inventaire des manuscrits tibétains de Touen-houang conservésàla Bibliothèque Nationale(Fonds Pelliot tibétain),Tome III,Paris:Bibliothèque nationale de France,1961,p.2.
(5)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290:essai sur la formation et l’emploi des mythes politiques dans la religion royale de Srong bcan Sgam po,”in Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]ed.,Etudes tibétaines dedieesàla mémoire de Marcelle Lalou,Paris:Adrien Maisonneuve,1971,pp.195-196;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,西宁:青海人民出版社,2010年,第8-11页。按Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]的Macdonald是其夫姓,因此早年中国学者也称其麦克唐纳夫人。但后来她离婚,遂改回原来的姓Spanien。
(1)Cf.Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.120.
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.124.
(3)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.128.
(4)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.190-391;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,西宁:青海人民出版社,1991年。
(1)Rolf A.Stein,“Apropos of the Word gtsug lag and the Indigenous Religion,”in Rolf Stein's Tibetica Antiqua:With Additional Materials,trans.and ed.by Arthur P.McK eown,Leiden:Brill,2010,p.117
(2)Hor khang b Sod nams dpal’bar sogs kyis bsgrigs霍康·索郎边巴等编,d Ge’dun chos’phel gyi gsung rtsom根敦群培著作,deb gsum pa第3册,Lhasa:Bod ljongs bod yig dpe rnying dpe skrun khang,1994,pp.123-300.Cf.Leonard W.J.van der Kuijp,“Tibetan Historiography,”in JoséIgnacio Cabezón and Roger R.Jackson ed.,Tibetan Literature:Studies in Genre,New York:Snow Lion Publication,1996,p.40.按《根敦群培著作》初版于1990年。
(3)王尧、陈践译注《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》,北京:民族出版社,1992年。
(4)任小波《评多特生、哈佐德〈吐蕃纪年译注并附图说〉》,姚大力、刘迎胜主编《清华元史》第3辑,北京:商务印书馆,2015年,第467页。
(5)黄布凡、马德《敦煌藏文吐蕃史文献译注》,兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2000年。
(6)Yoshiro Imaeda and Tsuguhito Takeuchi et al eds.,Tibetan Documents from Dunhuang Kept at the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the British Library:65 texts in transliteration,Old Tibetan Documents Online Monograph Series,vol.1,Tokyo:ILCAA,Tokyo University of Foreign Studies,2007.
(1)Brandon Dotson,The Old Tibetan Annals:An Annotated Translation of Tibet’s First History.With an Annotated Cartographical Documentation by Guntram Hazod,Vienna:Verlag dersterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,2009.
(2)H.H.the Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang,trans.Meghan Howard with Tsultrim Nakchu,A History of the Tibetan Empire:Drawn from the Dunhuang Manuscript,Dehra Dun,India:Songtsen Library,2011.本书原为藏文,Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang,Dun hong bod kyi yig rngying las byung ba/bod btsan povi rgyal rabs,Dehra Dun,India:Srong btsan dpe mdzod khang,2010.
(3)[日]佐藤长《古代チベット史研究》,京都:同朋舍,1977年(本书初版于1958年),第207-209、245页。
(4)Rolf A.Stein,La civilisation tibétaine,Paris,1962;rééd.revue et augmentée,Paris,1981;1987,3rd ed.Tibetan civilization,translated by J.E.Stapleton Driver,Stanford:Stanford University Press,1972;耿昇译《西藏的文明》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2012年。
(5)Erik Haarh,The Yar-lu Dynasty:A Study with Particular regard to the Contribution by Myths and Legends to the History of Ancient Tibet and the Origin and Nature of Its Kings,Kbenhavn:G.E.E.Gad’s Verlag,1969,pp.211-212,231-232,401-406.
(6)[日]山口瑞鳳《吐蕃王家の祖先---sT o lom ma tseの意味》,《駒澤大學佛教學部研究紀要》第31卷,1973年,第360-337页。
(1)Hélène Vetch,“Analyse de Rouleaux P.T.1286 et 1287,”in Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]and Yoshiro Imaeda ed.,Choix de documents tibétains conservésàla Bibliothèque nationale:complétépar quelques manuscrits de l’India office et du British Museum,Tome 2,Paris:Bibliothèque nationale de France,1979,pp.23-31.
(2)Yoshiro Imaeda,“P.T.1286 et 1287,”in Ariane Macdonald[Spanien]and Yoshiro Imaeda ed.,Choix de documents tibétains conservésàla Bibliothèque nationale:complétépar quelques manuscrits de l’India office et du British Museum,Tome 2,pp.21-23.
(3)[日]山口瑞鳳《吐蕃王国成立史研究》,東京:岩波書店,1983年。
(4)[日]山口瑞鳳主编《講座敦煌》6《敦煌胡語文獻》,東京:大東出版社,1985年,第453-489页。其中第四章第二部分中的《吐蕃史文献》和《史传文学---讽喻歌、应答歌》两节翻译了P.t.1287的许多段落。
(5)Don grub rgya,l“Mgur glu’i lo rgyus dang khyad chos,”in Ban kho and b Kra rgyal eds.,Dpal don grub rgyal gyi gsung’bum,vol.3,Beijing:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,1997,pp.316-582.(本文初版于1984年).
(6)Tsuguhito Takeuch,i“A Passage from the Shih-chi in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”in B.Aziz&M.Kapstein eds.,Soundings in Tibetan Civilization,New Delhi,1985,pp.135-146.
(7)参见如《吐蕃赞普墀松德赞研究》,台北:台湾商务印书馆,1989年;《唐代吐蕃史论集》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2006年;《唐代吐蕃历史与文化论集》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2007年;《唐代吐蕃史研究》,台北:联经出版事业公司,2011年;《唐代吐蕃宰相制度之研究》,台北:联经,2015年;《玉帛干戈:唐蕃关系史研究》,台北:联经出版事业公司,2016年。
(8)李勤璞《铜匣(zangs kyi ga’u)漂流记---聂赤赞普和支贡赞普》,《中国社会科学》1997年第1期,第168-182页;英文版Li Qinpu,“The Zangs-kyi Gavu(Brase Case)and Its Drift-Gnyav-khri btsan-po and Grigum btsan-po,”Social Sciences in China,vol.1999.1,pp.114-133.
(9)b Tsan lhan Ngag dbang tshul khrims,brD a dkrol gser gyi me long,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrunkhang,1997.
(1)Gya’gong dkon mchog tshes brtan高瑞,Bod kyi brda rnying yig cha bdams bsgrisgs吐蕃文献选读,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,1995;Idem,Bod kyi brda rnying yig cha rtsa chen bdams bsgrigs rnams kyi tsig don kun nas khrol bar byas pa rab gsel me long吐蕃古藏文文献诠释,Lan khru:Kan su’u mi rigs dpe skrun khang,2001.
(2)Kha sgang b Kra shis tshe ring ed.,bod kyi yid rnying zhib’jub藏族文献研究,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,2003.
(3)参见如rG ya ye bkra bho,“《Tun hong nas thon pa’i bod kyi lo rgyus yig cha’i》khrod kyi‘brla’brdungs’zhes par dpyad pa,”pp.323-326;Sang rgyas mkhar,“Tun hong gter yig las‘’bang kyi nang na/dor te phyug tshams ste’dzom dpa’ba’i mtshan mar/stagi thog bu stsal to’zhes byung ba’i don dang de’brel kyi lo rgyus la dpyad pa,”pp.417-431;Sang rgyas mkhar,“Tun hong gter yig la byung ba’i‘g.yag zhu’i’skor gleng ba,”pp.456-460.
(4)Chab’gag rT a mgrin,“Tun hong yig rnying khrod kyi mi sna’i ngag rgyun bshad pa,”敦煌研究院编《敦煌吐蕃文化学术研讨会论文集》,兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2009年,第33-46页。
(5)Chab’gag rD o rje tshe ring,Bu bzhis Sam pa’i don grub,sT ob sldan,Rin chen nor bu ed.,Bod kyi rT som rig lo rgyas藏族文学史,Deb dang bo,Lhasa:Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang,2013,pp.43-76.
(6)Nathan W.Hil,l“The Old Tibetan Chronicle:Chapter 1,”Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines,vol.10,2006,pp.89-101;Bettina Zeisler,“For Love of the Word:A New Translation of Pelliot tibétain 1287,the Old Tibetan Chronicle,Chapter I”,in Yoshiro Imaeda,Matthew T.Kapstein and Tsuguhito Takeuchi ed.,New Studies of the Old Tibetan Documents:Philology,History and Religion,Old Tibetan Documents Online Monograph Series Vol.III,Tokyo:IL-CAA,Tokyo University of Foreign Studies,2011,pp.97-213;任小波《赞普葬仪的先例与吐蕃王政的起源---敦煌P.t.1287号〈吐蕃赞普传记〉第1节新探》,《敦煌吐鲁番研究》第13卷,上海:上海古籍出版社,2013年,第419-440页。
(7)任小波《吐蕃盟歌的文学情味与政治意趣---敦煌P.t.1287号〈吐蕃赞普传记〉第5、8节探析》,《中国藏学》2012年第2期,第114-119页。文书第12节,任小波文据王尧和陈践的分节作第8节。
(8)任小波《吐蕃盟誓研究》,中央民族大学历史文化学院博士学位论文,2010年。
(9)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents:Methods and A Case Study,Wien:Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universitt Wien,2016.
(1)G.Uray,“’Gre,The Alleged Old Tibetan Equivalent of the Ethnic Name Ch’iang,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.XIX,1966,pp.245-256.
(2)G.Uray,“Traces of a Narrative of the Old Tibetan Chronicle in the Mkhas-pa’i dga’-ston,”Monumenta Serica,vol.XXVI(Li Fang Kuei Festschrift),1967(1969),pp.498-505.
(3)G.Uray,“Notes on a Chronological Problem in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.XXI,1968,pp.289-299;Idem,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.123-143.
(4)G.Uray,“Queen Sad-mar-kar’s Songs in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.XXV,1972,pp.5-38.
(5)这件文书记载琼波·邦色苏孜(Khyung po sP ung sad zu tse)的早年事迹,其内容大部分与P.t.1287重叠。有关这件文书的最新翻译,见黄维忠《英藏敦煌藏文文献IOT TIB J 1375译释》,《西藏民族大学学报》2016年第2期,第55-58页。
(6)这件文书记述松赞干布的祖父达布聂息(sT ag bu snya gzigs)被关押的事情。文书残损,难于识读,其内容不见于P.t.1286和P.t.1287。
(7)G.Uray,“The Narrative of Legislation and Organization in mK has-pa’i d Ga’-Ston:The Origin of the Traditions Concerning Sro-brcan sG am-po as First Legislation and Organizer of Tibet,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.26.1,1972,pp.11-68.
(1)G.Uray,“The Old Tibetan Sources of the History of Central Asia up to 751 A.D.:A Survey,”in János Harmatta,ed.,Prolegomena to the Sources on the History of Pre-Islamic Central Asia,Budapest:Akadémiai Kiadó,1979,pp.284-287.
(2)引者按,当是649年
(3)Hugh E.Richardson,“How Old Was Srong brtsan sgam po?”Bulletin of Tibetology II/1,1965,pp.5-8;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,London:Serindia Publications,1998,pp.3-6.
(4)Hugh E.Richardson,“Names and Titles in Early Tibetan Records,”Bulletin of Tibetology IV-1,1967,pp.5-20;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,12-24.
(5)Hugh E.Richardson,“Tibetan Chis and Tshis,”Asia Major,vol.xiv.2,1969,pp.254-256;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.25-27.
(6)Hugh E.Richardson,“Further Fragments from Tun Huang,”Bulletin of Tibetology,vol.6,no.1,1969,pp.5-13;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.28-36.
(7)Hugh E.Richardson,“Ministers of the Tibetan Kingdom,”The Tibet Jounal II-1,1977,pp.10-27;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.56-73.
(8)Hugh E.Richardson,“The Mgar Family in Seventh Century Tibet,”Reflections on Tibetan Culture,Lewiston,1990,pp.49-58;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.114-123.
(9)Hugh E.Richardson,“The Origin of Tibetan Kingdom,”Bulletin of Tibetology,new series,no.3,1989,pp.5-19;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.124-134.
(1)Hugh E.Richardson,“The Province of the Bde-blon of the Tibetan Empire,8th to 9th Centuries,”in P.Daffinàed.,Indo-Sino-Tibetica:Studi in onore di Luciano Petech.A Collection of Oreintal Studies Presented to Professor Petechon the Occasi on of His 75th Birthday,Roma:BardiE ditore,1990,pp.305-332;reprinted in Michael Aris ed.,High Peaks,Pure Earth.Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture,pp.167-175.
(2)Brandon Dotson,“A Note on a:Maternal Relatives of the Tibetan Royal Line and Marriage into the Royal Family,”Journal Asiatique,vol.292.1-2,2004,pp.75-99.
(3)Brandon Dotson,“Sources for the Old Tibetan Chronicle:A Fragment from the Non-Extant Chronicle Pothi,”in Yoshiro Imaeda,Matthew T.Kapstein and Tsuguhito Takeuchi ed.,New Studies of the Old Tibetan Documents,pp.231-245.
(4)Brandon Dotson,“The Unhappy Bride and Her Lament,”Journal of the International Association for Bon Research,Volume 1,Inaugural Issue,2013,pp.199-225.
(5)Brandon Dotson,“The Princess and the Yak:The Hunt as Narrative Trope and Historical Reality,”in Brandon Dotson,Kazushi Iwao&Tsuguhito Takeuchi eds.,Scribes,Texts,and Rituals in Early Tibet and Dunhuang.Wiesbaden:Reichert Verlag,2013,pp.61-85.
(6)Brandon Dotson,“Naming the King:Accession,Death,and Afterlife through the Re-,Un-,and Nick-Naming of Tibet’s King,”Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 24,2015,pp.1-27.
(1)Brandon Dotson,“The Dead and Their Stories:Preliminary Remarks on the Place of Narrative in Tibetan Religion,”in hristoph Cüppers,Robert Mayer and Michael Walter ed.,Tibet after Empire:Culture,Society and Religion between 850-1000,Lumbini:Lumbini International Research Institute,2013,pp.51-83.
(2)András Róna-Tas,“Social Terms in the List Grants of the Tibetan Tun-huang Chronicle,”Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,vol.5.3,1955,pp.249-270.
(3)原为英文:“Tibetan Glo-ba-’dring,”in Studia Serica Bernhard Karlgren Dedicata,1959,pp.55-59;汉译文收入《李方桂全集》1《汉藏语论文集》,吴昭瑾、林英津译,北京:清华大学出版社,2012年,第523-527页。
(4)[日]山口瑞鳳《敦煌チベット文語の解釈について---lde buとlte buの混同》,《東京大学文学部文化交流研究施設研究紀要》第1號,1975年,第31-41页。
(5)Yoshiro Imaema,“Towards an Interpretation of the Word Chis,”in Michael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi eds.,Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson:Proceedings of the International Seminar on Tibetan Studies,Oxford 1979,Warminster:Aris and Phillips LTD,1980,pp.131-132.
(6)Rolf A.Stein,Rolf Stein's Tibetica Antiqua:With Additional Materials,translated and edited by Arthur P.McK eown,Leiden:Brill,2010.
(7)Michael L.Walter,Buddhism and Empire:The Political and Religious Culture of Early Tibet,Leiden:Brill,2009.
(1)Bettina Zeisler,“The Seven Stars of Heaven:A Gift for a Reconvalescent,”in Charls Ramble and U.Roesler eds.,Tibetan&Himalayan Healing.An Anthology for Anthony Aris,Kathmandu:Vajra Books,2015,pp.754-764.
(2)陈践《若干典型古藏文语词疏译之一---重读〈敦煌本吐蕃历史文书〉之体会》,《中国藏学》2015年S0期,第62-74页;《吐蕃藏文文献词语释读琑议》,《民族翻译》2015年第4期,第61-64页;《若干典型古藏文语词疏译之二》,《中国藏学》2016年第3期,第5-10页;《若干典型古藏文语词疏译之三》,《中国藏学》2016年第4期,第24-33页;《温故知新---重读〈敦煌本吐蕃历史文书〉体会之二》,《民族翻译》2016年第3期,第19-23页;陈践、杨本加《吐蕃时期藏文文献中的盟誓》,《中国藏学》2009年第3期,第133-141页。
(3)rGya ye bkra bho,“《Tun hong nas thon pa’i bod kyi lo rgyus yig cha’i》khrod kyi‘brla’brdungs’zhes par dpyad pa”论《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》中“brla’brdungs”一词的含义,Khrong go’i bod rig pa中国藏学,vol.2000.1,pp.69-73;reprinted in Kha sgang b Kra shis tshe ring ed.,bod kyi yid rnying zhib’jub藏族文献研究,Pe cin:Mi rigs dpe skrun khang,2003,pp.323-326;Bar kha Ngag dkon,“Tun hong nas thon pa’i bod kyi lo rgyus yig cha las rgyal phran rim byung gi yul ming skor mdo tsam gleng ba”敦煌吐蕃文献中的小邦地名考证,Krung go’i bod rigs pa中国藏学,vol.2009.1,pp.67-80;卓鸿泽《杂胡称兜鍪为“突厥”说》,载氏著《历史语文学论丛初编》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2012年,第52-58页;卓鸿泽《“吐蕃”源出“秃(偷)发”问题析要》,载氏著《历史语文学论丛初编》,第70-97页;加羊达杰《〈敦煌本吐蕃历史文书·赞普传记〉汉译本散文部分的若干翻译问题》,《民族翻译》2012年第3期,第29-34页;刘凤强《敦煌吐蕃历史文书的“春秋笔法”》,《中国藏学》2014年第1期,第103-108页;Nathan W.Hil,l“‘Come as Lord of the Black-headed’-an Old Tibetan Mythic Formula,”Zentralasiantische Studien des Seminars für Sprach-und Kulturwissenschaft Zentralasiens des Universitat Bonn,vol.45,2016,pp.203-216;朱丽双《P.t.1287〈吐蕃赞普传记〉所见之’phan》,荣新江主编《唐研究》第22卷,北京:北京大学出版社,2016年,第377-396页;朱丽双《赞蒙赛玛噶之歌》,《中国藏学》2017年第2期,第88-107页。
(4)黄布凡《从敦煌吐蕃历史文献看藏文不自由虚词用法的演变---兼议藏文文法〈三十颂〉的写作年代》,敦煌研究院编《敦煌吐蕃文化学术研究会论文集》,兰州:甘肃民族出版社,2009年,第241-251页;Bettina Zeisler,“For Love of the Word,”pp.97-213;王志敬《敦煌藏文语法研究》,北京:中国藏学出版社,2012年;Nathan W.Hil,l“Personal Pronouns in Old Tibetan,”Journal Asiatique,vol.298.2,2010,pp.549-571;Idem,“The converb-las in Old Tibetan,”Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,vol.73.2,2010,pp.245-260;Idem,“The Emergence of the Pluralis Majestatis and the Relative Chronology of Old Tibetan Texts”,in Franz-Karl Ehrhard and Petra Maurer eds.,Nepalica-Tibetica:Festgabe for Christoph Cüppers,Andiast:International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Gmb H,2013,pp.249-262.
(1)Nathan W.Hil,l“The Emergence of the Pluralis Majestatis and the Relative Chronology of Old Tibetan Texts”,pp.249-262.
(2)参见黄布凡、马德《敦煌藏文吐蕃史文献译注》,兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2000年。
(1)Jacques Bacot,Frederick W.Thomas,Charles G.Toussaint,Documents de Touen-houang relatifs a l’histoire du Tibet,p.159,note 1.
(2)参见如佐藤长《古代チベット史研究》,第208页;Luciano Petech,“La Struttura del MS.Tib.Pelliot 1287,”Rivista degli Studi Orientali,XLIII,1968,pp.253-256;reprinted in Luciano Petech,Selected Papers on Asian History,Roma,1988,pp.309-311;Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.219-220;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第48-49页。
(1)G.Uray,“Notes on a Chronological Problem in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.289-299;Idem,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.126-127,130-131.
(1)Luciano Petech,“La Struttura del MS.Tib.Pelliot 1287,”pp.253-256;转引自G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.129.
(2)G.Uray“Notes on a Chronological Problem in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.298-299.
(3)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.333-334;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第231-234页。Blon rabs和btsun rabs二词出自构拟,故于其前加星号*。
(4)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.333-335;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第231-234页。
(1)Hélène Vetch,“Analyse de Rouleaux P.T.1286 et 1287,”pp.23-31.Cf.G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.132;Henk Blezer,“The Two Conquests of Zhang Zhung and the Many Lig-king of Bon:A Structural Analysis of the Bon ma nub pa’i gtan tshig,”in Anne Chayet,et al eds,Edition,éditions:l’écrit au Tibet,evolution et devenir,München:Indus Verlag,2010,p.24.
(2)Cf.G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.132.
(3)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.135-136.
(4)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.129-130.
(5)Henk Blezer,“The Two Conquests of Zhang Zhung and the Many Lig-king of Bon,”pp.23-31.
(1)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”p.264;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第125-126页;Tsuguhito Takeuch,i“A Passage from the Shih chi in the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.135-146;李勤璞《铜匣(zangs kyi ga’u)漂流记---聂赤赞普和支贡赞普》,第168-182页;Brandon Dotson,“Theorising the King:Implicit and Explicit Sources for the Study of Tibetan Sacred Kingship,”Revue d’EtudesT ibétaines,vol.21,2011,pp.90-91;Brandon Dotson,“The Unhappy Bride and Her Lament,”pp.208-219;Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.121.
(2)Brandon Dotson,“Sources for the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”pp.242-243.
(3)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.251-255;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第103-109页;G.Uray,“The Narrative of Legislation and Organization in mK has-pa’idG a’-Ston,”pp.37-39,n.91;Brandon Dotson,“Sources for the Old Tibetan Chronicle,”p.241;Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.125-126.
(4)郑炳林、黄维忠主编《敦煌吐蕃文献选辑·文学卷》,北京:民族出版社,2011年,录文见第163页;王尧、陈践译文见第182页。
(5)郑炳林、黄维忠主编《敦煌吐蕃文献选辑·文学卷》,录文见第160页;王尧、陈践译文见第180页。
(1)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,p.169.
(2)F.W.Thomas and S.Konow,“Two Medieval Documents from Tun-huang,”Publications of the Indian Institute I.3:Oslo Etnografiske Museums Skrifter III.3,1929,pp.122-160;E.R.Pulleyblank,“The Date of the Sta3lHolstein Roll,”Asia Major,new series,vol.4.1,1954,pp.91-95.
(3)G.Uray,“L’emploi du tibétain dans les chancelleries desétats du Kan-sou et de Khotan postérieursàla domination tibétaine,”Journal Asiatique CCLXIX,1981,pp.81-90.
(4)荣新江、朱丽双《一组反映10世纪于阗与敦煌关系的藏文文书研究》,收入同作者《于阗与敦煌》附录一,兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2013年,第375-376页。
(5)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.191,228,334-335;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第3、62-63、234页。
(6)G.Uray“The Old Tibetan Sources of the History of Central Asia up to 751 A.D.:A Survey,”p.285.
(1)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.124-125.按,据唐代史料,此人确为吾宜东丹时期的大相。
(2)Rolf A.Stein,“Tibetica Antiqua I:les deux vocabulaires des traductions indo-tibétane et sino-tibétane dans les manuscripts des Touen-Houang,”Bulletin de l’école fran9aise d’Extrême-Orient,vol.72,1983,pp.149-236;trans.and ed.by Arthur P.Mckeown,“Tibetica Antiqua I:The Two Vocabularies of Indo-Tibetan and Sino-Tibetan Translations in the Dunhuang Manuscripts,”in Arthur P.Mckeown trans.and ed.,Rolf Stein’s Tibetica Antiqua,pp.1-96.
(3)Rolf A.Stein,trans.and ed.by Arthur P.Mckeown,Rolf Stein’s Tibetica Antiqua,p.87,p.235.
(4)Michael L.Walter,Buddhism and Empire,p.xxii.
(5)Michael L.Walter,Buddhism and Empire,p.xxvi,note 5.
(6)Henk Blezer,“The Two Conquests of Zhang Zhung and the Many Lig-king of Bon,”p.27.
(7)Sam van Schaik and Imre Galambos,Manuscripts and Travellers:The Sino-Tibetan Documents of a Tenth-century Buddhist Pilgrim,Berlin:De Gruyter,2012,pp.31-32.
(1)马德《“特蕃”考》,《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2006年第5期,第78页。
(2)Brandon Dotson,“The Dead and Their Stories,”p.69.Cf.Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.130-134.关于820-840年之间敦煌抄写藏文和汉文《般若波罗蜜多经》和《无量寿宗要经》的活动,见Brandon Dotson,“The Remains of the Dharma:Editing,Rejecting,and Replacing the Buddha’s Words in Officially Commnissioned Sūtras from Dunhuang,820s-840s,”Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies,vol.36/37,2013/2014(2015),pp.5-68,esp.pp.56-57.
(3)Brandon Dotson,“The Dead and Their Stories,”p.69.
(4)Brandon Doston,“The Unhappy Bride and Her Lament,”p.202.
(5)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.23,134-136,163,172.
(6)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.162-163.
(7)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.164-169.
(1)Ariane Macdonald[Spanien],“Une lecture des Pelliot tibétain 1286,1287,1038,1047,et 1290,”pp.333-334;耿昇译《敦煌吐蕃历史文书考释》,第231-233页。
(2)Yoshiro Imaeda,“P.T.1286 et 1287,”pp.21-23;Cf.G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.132-133.
(1)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.133.
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.134.
(3)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”p.135.
(1)Brandon Dotson and Agnieszka Helman-,Codicology,Paleography,and Orthography of Early Tibetan Documents,pp.126-128.
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.135-136.
(1)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.137-138;Cf.IOL Tib J 750《吐蕃大事纪年》,727年条和728年条(Brandon Dotson,The Old Tibetan Annals:An Annotated Translation of Tibet’s FirstH istory,pp.116-117);[后晋]刘昫等撰《旧唐书》卷196《吐蕃传上》,北京:中华书局,1975年,第5229页。
(2)G.Uray,“The Structure and Genesis of the Old Tibetan Chronicle of Dunhuang,”pp.138-139.
(3)Bettina Zeisler,“For Love of the Word”,pp.97-213.