基于CCSDS-SOIS的航天器数据管理系统体系架构的探讨
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摘要
为解决航天器数据管理系统体系架构中,由于接口方式和协议不一致以及设计的多样化,导致难以沟通和重用的问题,CCSDS(The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems)的SOIS(Space Onboard Interface Services)工作组提出了体系架构,并制定了相应的业务推荐标准文本.结合SOIS架构,概括介绍了ESA(European Space Agency)提出的SAVOIR(Space Avionics Open Interface aRchitecture)架构,NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)提出的cFE/cFS架构,以及我国对SOIS的跟踪研究情况,并对这几个架构进行了比较和分析.这几个架构的共同点在于对层次化、模块化、接口标准化和模型化的重用特征在认识上是一致的,但是在具体设计上由于各自的背景不同而不尽相同.另一个共同的认识是将电子数据单(Electronic Data Sheet,EDS)作为架构的设计重点之一,为此对数据设计的两个主要概念,管理信息库(Management Information Base,MIB)和EDS之间的关系和设计思路进行了分析说明.最后展望了空间数据系统体系架构的一些发展趋势,认为基于EDS和MIB的数据设计将成为主要研究内容之一,并且SOIS架构的实践应结合自身的特点来开展.
The consultative committee for space data systems(CCSDS)established space onboard interface services(SOIS)area and working group in 1999,and developed a series of recommended standards for onboard interfaces.According to european space agency(ESA),national aeronautics and space administration(NASA)and chinese academy of space technology(CAST)experience,they practiced and built their own architecture for onboard data management system,named space avionics open interface architecture(SAVOIR),core Flight Executive/core FlightSoftware(cFE/cFS)and CAST flight software respectively.The study contents of these architectures mainly focus on layered architecture,services,protocols,data organization and tool-chains development.They have many same characteristics and differences.For instance that they have similar layered frames,but different services divided and protocols configured.The reason of this situation is mainly coming from different background and culture of organizations and countries.One of these architectures' goals is to allow components reuse in a system development.The characteristics of reuse include layering,modularization,interface standardization,and modeling.Modeling plays a key role in these features.Based on CCSDS SOIS,electronic data sheet(EDS)and management information base(MIB)concepts have been used to describe different models of components(applications,services and devices)and systems.The relationship between EDS and MIB,their contents and formats,are discussed.Finally,some trends of architecture developing methods are predicted.First,the EDS technology will be the one of core study contents of SOIS,including its method,language,tool-chains development and management method.Second,MIB will be the base for missions and system design due to its modeling feature.And the last is that we should use SOIS architecture and develop our own spacecraft onboard data management architecture according to the special background and environment of our country,such as organization style,culture,rules of space engineering,infrastructure,working habits,and etc..
The consultative committee for space data systems(CCSDS)established space onboard interface services(SOIS)area and working group in 1999,and developed a series of recommended standards for onboard interfaces.According to european space agency(ESA),national aeronautics and space administration(NASA)and chinese academy of space technology(CAST)experience,they practiced and built their own architecture for onboard data management system,named space avionics open interface architecture(SAVOIR),core Flight Executive/core FlightSoftware(cFE/cFS)and CAST flight software respectively.The study contents of these architectures mainly focus on layered architecture,services,protocols,data organization and tool-chains development.They have many same characteristics and differences.For instance that they have similar layered frames,but different services divided and protocols configured.The reason of this situation is mainly coming from different background and culture of organizations and countries.One of these architectures' goals is to allow components reuse in a system development.The characteristics of reuse include layering,modularization,interface standardization,and modeling.Modeling plays a key role in these features.Based on CCSDS SOIS,electronic data sheet(EDS)and management information base(MIB)concepts have been used to describe different models of components(applications,services and devices)and systems.The relationship between EDS and MIB,their contents and formats,are discussed.Finally,some trends of architecture developing methods are predicted.First,the EDS technology will be the one of core study contents of SOIS,including its method,language,tool-chains development and management method.Second,MIB will be the base for missions and system design due to its modeling feature.And the last is that we should use SOIS architecture and develop our own spacecraft onboard data management architecture according to the special background and environment of our country,such as organization style,culture,rules of space engineering,infrastructure,working habits,and etc..
引文
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[3]European Cooperation for Space Standardization.Telemetry and telecommand packet utilization.ECSS-E-ST-70-41C.Noordwijk,The Netherlands:ECSS,2016
[4]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 871.0-M-1-S Spacecraft onboard interface services-device access service.Washington:CCSDS,2013.
[5]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 871.2-M-1-S Spacecraft onboard interface services-device virtualization service.Washington:CCSDS,2014.
[6]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 871.3-M-1-S Spacecraft onboard interface services-device enumeration service.Washington:CCSDS,2014.
[7]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 872.0-M-1-S Spacecraft onboard interface services-time access service.Washington:CCSDS,2012.
[8]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 873.0-M-1-S Spacecraft onboard interface services-file and packet store service.Washington:CCSDS,2012.
[9]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 875.0-M-1-S Spacecraft onboard interface services-message transfer service.Washington:CCSDS,2012.
[10]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 851.0-M-1Spacecraft onboard interface services-subnetwork packet service.Washington:CCSDS,2009.
[11]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 852.0-M-1Spacecraft onboard interface services-subnetwork memory access service.Washington:CCSDS,2009.
[12]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 853.0-M-1Spacecraft onboard interface services-subnetwork synchronisation service.Washington:CCSDS,2009.
[13]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 854.0-M-1Spacecraft onboard interface services-subnetwork device discovery service.Washington:CCSDS,2009.
[14]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 855.0-M-1Spacecraft onboard interface services-subnetwork test service.Washington:CCSDS,2009.
[15]Jean-Loup Terraillon.SAVOIR:Reusing specifications to improve the way we deliver avionics.Embedded Real Time Software and Systems(ERTS 2012),2012-01.
[16]Jean-Loup Terraillon.SAVOIR:Reusing specifications to favour product lines.Embedded Real Time Software and Systems(ERTS2016),2016-01.
[17]McComas D C.Lessons from 30years of flight software∥Proceedings of the MIT Lincoln Labs Software Engineering Symposium 2015.Lexington,MA,USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Lincoln Laboratory,2015.
[18]何熊文,谭维炽,郭坚.空间数据系统发展展望.国际太空,2016,10(454):62-68.(He X W,Tan W C,Guo J.Development of space data system.Space International,2016,10(454):62-68.)
[19]何熊文,朱剑冰,程博文等.星载标准接口业务在航天器中的应用方法.航天器工程,2015,24(6):52-58.(He X W,Zhu J B,Cheng B W,et al.Application method of spacecraft onboard interface services in spacecraft.Spacecraft Engineering,2015,24(6):52-58.)
[20]European Cooperationfor Space Standardization.ECSS-E-ST-70-41A Space engineering Ground systems and operations-telemetry and telecommand packet utilization.Noordwijk,The Netherlands:ECSS,2003.
[21]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 876.0-R-2Spacecraft onboard interface services-xml specification for electronic data sheets.Washington:CCSDS,2016.
[22]The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.CCSDS 876.1-R-2Spacecraft onboard interface services-specification for dictionary of terms for electronic data sheets.Washington:CCSDS,2016.
[23]Bonner R M,Manno V.国际空间合作-欧洲空间局范例.李磊译.北京:科学出版社,2014,192.(Bonner R M,Manno V.International cooperation in space:The example of the European Space Agency.Li L.Beijing:Science Press,2014,192.)
[24]龚钴尔.别逗了,美国宇航局.北京:科学出版社,2012,284.
[25]IEEE.IEEE standard for a smart transducer interface for sensors and actuators-common functions,communication protocols,and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet(TEDS)formats.IEEE Std 1451.0TM-2007.
[26]IEEE.IEEE standard for a smart transducer interface for sensors and actuators-Network Capable Application Processor(NCAP)interface model.IEEE Std 1451.1-1999.
[27]IEEE.IEEE standard for a smart transducer interface for sensors and actuators-transducer to microprocessor communication protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet(TEDS)formats.IEEE Std 1451.2-1997.
[28]尤正,田贺祥,李滨等.微小卫星综合电子系统中的即插即用技术.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(11):1765-1769.(You Z,Tian H X,Li B,et al.Plug-and-play technology for an integration electronic system in a micro-satellite.Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),2009,49(11):1765-1769.)
[29]张晓琳.面向对象的XML数据管理技术研究.博士学位论文.沈阳:东北大学,2006,1.(Zhang X L.Study on techniques of object-oriented XML data management.Ph.D.Dissertation.Shenyang:Northeastern University,2006,1.)