低浓度Cu-Ni-Si合金的组织与性能
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摘要
采用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析测试手段系统研究不同固溶、冷变形与时效组合工艺对低浓度Cu-Ni-Si合金的晶粒尺寸、析出相粒子尺寸及分布规律,同时对合金的力学与电学性能进行测试。结果表明,相对于其他四种工艺制度,低浓度Cu-Ni-Si合金经过立式在线固溶处理+冷变形+时效组合形变热处理工艺后,合金组织晶粒更加细小(平均晶粒尺寸为25μm),析出相分布更加弥散,抗拉强度为579MPa,屈服强度为521MPa,屈强比为0.9,伸长率为9%,导电率为52.2%IACS;与常用汽车连接器用C70250和TMg0.5合金综合性能进行对比,低浓度Cu-Ni-Si合金具有优良的综合性能,在大功率电流使用时表现出良好的散热性及可靠的尺寸稳定性,可作为高强高导弹性材料广泛应用于汽车连接器等领域。
The effects of different theromechanical treatments on grain size, precipitate size and distribution of precipitation phase of low concentration of Cu-Ni-Si alloy were investigated by metallurgical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the alloy were also tested. The results show that the Cu-Ni-Si alloy has excellent properties(tensile strength is 579 MPa, yield strength is 521 MPa, yield-tensile ratio is 0.9, elongation is 9% and electrical conductivity is 52.2%IACS) and the average of grain size is 25 μm,when the alloy is solution treated at vertical bright annealing furnace, cold rolled and aging treatment, which is relative to other four heat treatment processes. Compared with C70250 and TMg0.5 alloys, the low concentration of Cu-Ni-Si alloy has a good heat dissipation and reliable dimensional stability in the use processes of high power current, which can be widely used in the automotive connector field.
The effects of different theromechanical treatments on grain size, precipitate size and distribution of precipitation phase of low concentration of Cu-Ni-Si alloy were investigated by metallurgical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the alloy were also tested. The results show that the Cu-Ni-Si alloy has excellent properties(tensile strength is 579 MPa, yield strength is 521 MPa, yield-tensile ratio is 0.9, elongation is 9% and electrical conductivity is 52.2%IACS) and the average of grain size is 25 μm,when the alloy is solution treated at vertical bright annealing furnace, cold rolled and aging treatment, which is relative to other four heat treatment processes. Compared with C70250 and TMg0.5 alloys, the low concentration of Cu-Ni-Si alloy has a good heat dissipation and reliable dimensional stability in the use processes of high power current, which can be widely used in the automotive connector field.
引文
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[10]王霖倩,王日初,王小锋,彭建,邓敏.形变热处理对Cu-11Zn-0.5Cr合金时效组织和性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(3):496-503.WANG Lin-qian,WANG Ri-chu,WANG Xiao-feng,PENGJian,DENG Min.Effects of thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu-11Zn-0.5Cr Alloy.[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(3):496-503.
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[13]LEI Q,LI Z,WANG M P,ZHANG L,GONG S,XIAO Z,PANZ Y.Phase transformation behavior in a Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2011,509:3617-3622.
[14]LEI Q,LI Z,WANG M P,ZHANG L,XIAO Z,JIA Y L.The evolution of microstructure in Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si-0.15Mg alloy during aging[J].Materials Science and Engineer A,2010,527:6728-6733.
[15]CHENG J Y,TANG B B,YU F X,CHEN B.Evaluation of nanoscaled precipitates in a Cu-Ni-Si-Cr alloy during aging[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,614:189-195.
[16]谢水生,李彦利,朱琳.电子工业用引线框架铜合金及组织的研究[J].稀有金属,2003,27(6):772-776.XIE Shui-sheng,LI Yan-li,ZHU Lin.Progress of study on lead frame copper alloy and its implementation in electronic industry[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2003,27(6):772-776.
[17]肖翔鹏,黄国杰,程磊,袁孚胜,吴语.固溶时效工艺对Cu-Ni-Si合金组织性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2011,35(5):673-678.XIAO Xiang-peng,HUANG Guo-jie,CHENG Lei,YUANFu-sheng,WU Yu.Effect of solution and aging technique on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Si Alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2011,35(5):673-678.
[18]HU T,CHEN J H,LIU J Z,LIU R Z,WU C L.The crystallographic and morphological evolution of the strengthening precipitates in Cu-Ni-Si alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2013,61:1210-1219.
[19]GHOLAMIC,VESELY J,ALTENBERGER I,KUHN H A,JANECEK M,WOLLMANN M,WAGNER L.Effects of microstructure on mechanical properties of CuNiSi alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,696:201-212.
[20]JIA Y L,WANG M P,CHEN C,DONG Q Y,WANG S,LI Z.Orientation and diffraction patterns ofδ-Ni2Si precipitates in Cu-Ni-Si alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,557:147-151.
[21]XIAO X P,XIONG B Q,WANG Q S,XIE G L,PENG L J,HUANG Guo-xing.Microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Si-Zr alloy after thermomechanical treatments[J].Rare Metals,2013,32(2):144-149.
[22]WANG W,KANG H J,CHEN Z N,CHEN Z J,ZOU C L,LI R G,YIN G M,WANG T M.Effects of Cr and Zr additions on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,673:378-390.
[23]ZHANG Y,LIU P,TIAN B H,LIU Y,LI R Q,XU Q Q.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(8):2341-2347.
[24]王晶,李周,李思,邢岩,申镭诺,雷前.超高强导电Cu-Ni-Si-Al合金的TTP曲线[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(7):1466-1472.WANG Jing,LI Zhou,LI Si,XING Yan,SHEN Lei-nuo,LEIQian.TTP diagrams of Cu-Ni-Si-Al alloy with super high strength and good conductivity[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(7):1466-1472.
[25]黎三华,申镭诺,李周,董琦祎,肖柱,邢岩.超高强Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce合金的淬火敏感性[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(6):1546-1552.LI San-hua,SHEN Lei-nuo,LI Zhou,DONG Qi-yi,XIAO Zhu,XING Yan.Quench sensitivity of Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce alloy with super high strength[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(6):1546-1552.
[26]张毅,刘平,田保红,陈小红,刘勇.Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金高温热变形及动态再结晶[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(4):970-976.ZHANG Yi,LIU Ping,TIAN Bao-hong,CHEN Xiao-hong,LIUYong.Hot deformation behaviors and dynamics recrystallization of Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr alloy at elevated temperatures[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(4):970-976.
[27]ATAPEK S H,PANTELAKIS S G,POLAT S,CHAMOS A N,AKTAS G.Fractographical analysis of fatigue failed Cu-2.55Ni-0.55Si alloy[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2016,83:60-66.
[2]温燕宁,肖来荣,张喜民,李威,郑英鹏,耿占吉.铜基弹性材料的研究现状[J].材料导报,2009,23(专辑14):503-506.WEN Yan-ning,XIAO Lai-rong,ZHANG Xi-min,LI Wei,ZHENG Ying-Peng,GENG Zhan-ji.Research status of copper base elastic alloy[J].Materials Reviews,2009,23(Special 14):503-506.
[3]CEMOCH T,LANDAB M,NOVAK V,SEDLAK P,SITTNERP.Acoustic characterization of the elastic properties of austenite phase and martensitic transformations in CuAlNi shape memory alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2004,378(1/2):140-144.
[4]严由意,区国苑.代铍铜导电弹性复合金属材料的研制[J].电工材料,2005(4):13-16.YAN You-yi,QU Guo-yuan.Manufacture of elastic and elasticity clad metal replacing beryllium-copper alloy[J].Electrical Materials,2005(4):13-16.
[5]王军,殷俊林,严彪.Cu-Ni-Sn合金的发展和应用[J].上海有色金属,2004,25(4):184-186.WANG Jun,YIN Jun-lin,YAN Biao.Development and application of Cu-Ni-Sn alloy[J].Shanghai Non-ferrous Materials,2004,25(4):184-186.
[6]彭丽军,熊柏青,解国良,洪松柏,郑国辉,王强松.C17200合金时效早期相变行为[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(8):42-46.PENG Li-jun,XIONG Bai-qing,JIE Guo-liang,HONG Song-bai,ZHENG Guo-hui,WANG Qiang-song.Transformation of early stage of aging in C17200 alloy[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(8):42-46.
[7]彭丽军,熊柏青,解国良,洪松柏,解浩峰.时效态C17200合金的组织与性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(6):1516-1522.PENG Li-jun,XIONG Bai-qing,JIE Guo-liang,HONGSong-bai,XIE Hao-feng.Microstructure and properties of C17200 alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(6):1516-1522.
[8]张丽君,钟相文.新型弹性材料QSn4-1-0.04锡铁磷青铜[J].中国有色金属学报,1998,8(增刊2):58-60.ZHANG Li-jun,ZHONG Xiang-wen.A new elastic material QSn4-1-0.04 tin-phosphor-iron bronze[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,1998,8(Suppl.2):58-60.
[9]肖翔鹏.新型高性能Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金制备及组织性能的研[D].北京:北京有色金属研究总院,2013.XIAO Xiang-peng.Research on fabrication,microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloy with high performance[D].Beijing:General Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals,2013.
[10]王霖倩,王日初,王小锋,彭建,邓敏.形变热处理对Cu-11Zn-0.5Cr合金时效组织和性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(3):496-503.WANG Lin-qian,WANG Ri-chu,WANG Xiao-feng,PENGJian,DENG Min.Effects of thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu-11Zn-0.5Cr Alloy.[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(3):496-503.
[11]董琦祎.低浓度Cu-Ni-Si合金的组织及性能的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.DONG Qi-yi.Study on microstructure and properties of low concentration Cu-Ni-Si alloy[D].Changsha:Central South University,2009.
[12]LEI Q,LI Z,XIAO T,PANG Y,XIANG Z Q,QIU W T,XIAOZ.A new ultrahigh strength Cu-Ni-Si alloy[J].Intermetallics,2013,42:77-84.
[13]LEI Q,LI Z,WANG M P,ZHANG L,GONG S,XIAO Z,PANZ Y.Phase transformation behavior in a Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2011,509:3617-3622.
[14]LEI Q,LI Z,WANG M P,ZHANG L,XIAO Z,JIA Y L.The evolution of microstructure in Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si-0.15Mg alloy during aging[J].Materials Science and Engineer A,2010,527:6728-6733.
[15]CHENG J Y,TANG B B,YU F X,CHEN B.Evaluation of nanoscaled precipitates in a Cu-Ni-Si-Cr alloy during aging[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,614:189-195.
[16]谢水生,李彦利,朱琳.电子工业用引线框架铜合金及组织的研究[J].稀有金属,2003,27(6):772-776.XIE Shui-sheng,LI Yan-li,ZHU Lin.Progress of study on lead frame copper alloy and its implementation in electronic industry[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2003,27(6):772-776.
[17]肖翔鹏,黄国杰,程磊,袁孚胜,吴语.固溶时效工艺对Cu-Ni-Si合金组织性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2011,35(5):673-678.XIAO Xiang-peng,HUANG Guo-jie,CHENG Lei,YUANFu-sheng,WU Yu.Effect of solution and aging technique on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Si Alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2011,35(5):673-678.
[18]HU T,CHEN J H,LIU J Z,LIU R Z,WU C L.The crystallographic and morphological evolution of the strengthening precipitates in Cu-Ni-Si alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2013,61:1210-1219.
[19]GHOLAMIC,VESELY J,ALTENBERGER I,KUHN H A,JANECEK M,WOLLMANN M,WAGNER L.Effects of microstructure on mechanical properties of CuNiSi alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,696:201-212.
[20]JIA Y L,WANG M P,CHEN C,DONG Q Y,WANG S,LI Z.Orientation and diffraction patterns ofδ-Ni2Si precipitates in Cu-Ni-Si alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,557:147-151.
[21]XIAO X P,XIONG B Q,WANG Q S,XIE G L,PENG L J,HUANG Guo-xing.Microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Si-Zr alloy after thermomechanical treatments[J].Rare Metals,2013,32(2):144-149.
[22]WANG W,KANG H J,CHEN Z N,CHEN Z J,ZOU C L,LI R G,YIN G M,WANG T M.Effects of Cr and Zr additions on microstructure and properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,673:378-390.
[23]ZHANG Y,LIU P,TIAN B H,LIU Y,LI R Q,XU Q Q.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(8):2341-2347.
[24]王晶,李周,李思,邢岩,申镭诺,雷前.超高强导电Cu-Ni-Si-Al合金的TTP曲线[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(7):1466-1472.WANG Jing,LI Zhou,LI Si,XING Yan,SHEN Lei-nuo,LEIQian.TTP diagrams of Cu-Ni-Si-Al alloy with super high strength and good conductivity[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(7):1466-1472.
[25]黎三华,申镭诺,李周,董琦祎,肖柱,邢岩.超高强Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce合金的淬火敏感性[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(6):1546-1552.LI San-hua,SHEN Lei-nuo,LI Zhou,DONG Qi-yi,XIAO Zhu,XING Yan.Quench sensitivity of Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce alloy with super high strength[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(6):1546-1552.
[26]张毅,刘平,田保红,陈小红,刘勇.Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金高温热变形及动态再结晶[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(4):970-976.ZHANG Yi,LIU Ping,TIAN Bao-hong,CHEN Xiao-hong,LIUYong.Hot deformation behaviors and dynamics recrystallization of Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr alloy at elevated temperatures[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(4):970-976.
[27]ATAPEK S H,PANTELAKIS S G,POLAT S,CHAMOS A N,AKTAS G.Fractographical analysis of fatigue failed Cu-2.55Ni-0.55Si alloy[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2016,83:60-66.