公元1-2000年内蒙古草原ANPP序列的重建及特征研究——基于CENTURY模型
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摘要
利用高精度的中国西部公元1-2000年温度和降水变化序列及CENTURY模型,重建公元1-2000年内蒙古荒漠草原、典型草原和草甸草原地上净初级生产力(ANPP)序列,利用小波分析探讨了不同草原生产力周期变化特征及与气候要素之间的相关性。结果表明:1)3类草原ANPP波动大体相似,其中在魏晋和明清小冰期出现明显低值期,在公元600-1200年出现长达600年左右的高值期;2)不同草原ANPP波动有所不同,典型草原ANPP居中变幅最大,荒漠草原ANPP最低变幅次之,草甸草原最高且变幅最小;3)3类草原ANPP均存在准280a和准60a振荡周期,草甸草原ANPP还存在准150a振荡周期。4)降水和温度对草原ANPP有重大影响,但在不同类型的草原影响不同。典型草原和荒漠草原主要受降水控制,草甸草原受降水和温度共同控制。
The ANPP sequences of desert steppe,typical steppe and meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia were reconstructed by using the CENTURY model and high-precision sequences of changes in temperature and precipitation in West China from A. D 1 to 2000. The period features of ANPP for different steppes and their relationships with annual temperature and precipitation were investigated with the application of Pearson correlation analysis,continuous wavelet and cross-wavelet. The results indicate that:( 1) The long-term fluctuations of ANPP for three types of steppe were generally similar. Significant low value period appeared during the Little Ice Age of Wei-Jin and Ming-Qing Dynasties,while high value period lasted for about 600 years from A. D 600 to 1200.( 2) The fluctuation changes of ANPP for different steppes were different. The productivity of typical steppe was in the middle with the largest fluctuation range; desert steppe was the lowest with middle fluctuation range,and meadow steppe was the highest with the least fluctuation range.( 3) The ANPP of these three types of steppe all had oscillation periods of around quasi-280 years and quasi-60 years. Meanwhile,a oscillation period of about quasi-150 years existed in meadow steppe.( 4) Precipitation and temperature had a significant effect on grassland ANPP,but in different types of grassland effects were different. The productivity of typical steppe and desert steppe were mainly determined by precipitation while for meadow steppe case,it was determined by the combined effects of precipitation and temperature.
The ANPP sequences of desert steppe,typical steppe and meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia were reconstructed by using the CENTURY model and high-precision sequences of changes in temperature and precipitation in West China from A. D 1 to 2000. The period features of ANPP for different steppes and their relationships with annual temperature and precipitation were investigated with the application of Pearson correlation analysis,continuous wavelet and cross-wavelet. The results indicate that:( 1) The long-term fluctuations of ANPP for three types of steppe were generally similar. Significant low value period appeared during the Little Ice Age of Wei-Jin and Ming-Qing Dynasties,while high value period lasted for about 600 years from A. D 600 to 1200.( 2) The fluctuation changes of ANPP for different steppes were different. The productivity of typical steppe was in the middle with the largest fluctuation range; desert steppe was the lowest with middle fluctuation range,and meadow steppe was the highest with the least fluctuation range.( 3) The ANPP of these three types of steppe all had oscillation periods of around quasi-280 years and quasi-60 years. Meanwhile,a oscillation period of about quasi-150 years existed in meadow steppe.( 4) Precipitation and temperature had a significant effect on grassland ANPP,but in different types of grassland effects were different. The productivity of typical steppe and desert steppe were mainly determined by precipitation while for meadow steppe case,it was determined by the combined effects of precipitation and temperature.
引文
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[3]BAI Y,HAN X,WU J,et al.Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Nature,2004,431(7005):181-184.
[4]LIETH H.Modeling the Primary Productivity of the World[M].Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1975.
[5]刘洪杰.Miami模型的生态学应用[J].生态科学,1997(1):52-55.
[6]PARTON W J,SCHIMEL D S,COLE C V,et al.Analysis of Factors Controlling Soil Organic Matter Levels in Great Plains Grasslands1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1987,51(5):1173-1179.
[7]XIAO X,WANG Y,CHEN Z.Dynamics of primary productivity and soil organic matter of typical steppe in the Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia and their response to climate change[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1996,38(8):45-52.
[8]郭灵辉,郝成元,吴绍洪,等.内蒙古草地NPP变化特征及其对气候变化敏感性的CENTURY模拟研究[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):271-284.
[9]莫志鸿,李玉娥,高清竹.主要草原生态系统生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(4):545-554.
[10]张存厚,王明玖,张立,等.呼伦贝尔草甸草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):41-50.
[11]内蒙古草地资源编委会.内蒙古草地资源[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1990.
[12]YANG B,BRAEUNING A,JOHNSON K R,et al.General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(9):381-384.
[13]YANG B,QIN C,WANG J,et al.A 3,500-year tree-ring record of annual precipitation on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2014,111(8):2903.
[14]GRINSTED A,MOORE J C,JEVREJEVA S.Application of the cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence to geophysical time series[J].Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics,2004,11(5/6):561-566.
[15]葛全胜,郑景云,郝志新,等.过去2000年中国气候变化的若干重要特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(6):934-942.
[16]任国玉,张兰生.科尔沁沙地麦里地区晚全新世植被演化[J].植物生态学报(英文),1997(4):353-362.
[17]龙慧灵,李晓兵,王宏,等.内蒙古草原区植被净初级生产力及其与气候的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1367-1378.
[18]Parton W J,Mckeown B,Kirchner V,et al.CENTURY Users Manual[M].NREL Publication,CSU,Fort Collins,CO,1992.