云南县域地形起伏度与人口和经济的关系
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摘要
以云南129县(区、市)为空间载体,基于90m分辨率DEM数据,在计算地形起伏度最佳分析窗口和提取县域地形起伏度基础上,从整体和分级两个视角对比各级地形下,县域地形起伏度与人口、经济的相关系数,以此探究县域地形起伏度的空间分布规律及其与人口、经济的相关关系.结果表明:Moran's I指数表明云南省地形起伏度呈现空间集聚且具有空间正相关性;空间分异规律总体呈现出西北高南部低、东中部高南北低的特征;受距离区域发展中心远近和地形起伏度双重影响,整体层面云南省县域地形起伏度与人口、经济相关性不高;但分级上看,因地形起伏程度、距离区域发展中心远近等组合条件不同,导致各级县域地形起伏度与人口、经济的相关关系各不相同,最高级和最低级地形起伏区均距离区域发展中心较远,受地形起伏影响最大,与人口、经济的负相关性最明显.由此得出结论:云南省人口和经济的空间分异,除了受到地形起伏度等垂直地形因子的梯度变化影响,同时还受到距离中心地远近的水平距离因素影响,从而形成了垂直地形因子和水平距离因素共同影响下人口和经济空间分异的作用机制.
Taking the 129 counties(districts and prefecture-level cities)in Yunnan as the space carrier,basing on the90 mresolution DEM data,finding the best analysis window of RDLS calculation to do county RDLS extraction,a contrastive survey is made both holistically and hierarchically to examine the relevant data in terms of the RDLS and population and economy under different topographies in an attempt to find out about the law of RDLS spatial distribution and its correlation with local population and economy.It is found:1.Moran's I index indicates that the RDLS of Yunnan Province is spatially agglomerated and spatially positively correlated;its spatial differentiation law is generally characterized by a high northwest and a low south,a high middle east with a low south and north.2.Due to the dual influences of the distance from regional development center and the topography,on the whole,the county RDLS is not highly correlated with population and economy in Yunnan Province.However,in terms of grading,different combinations of conditions like the degree of terrain fluctuation and the distance from the regional development center have led to varied correlation level between RDLS with population and economy in different counties.Areas with the highest and lowest level of terrain fluctuation are all far from the regional development center,and are affected most severely by topographic fluctuations,and the negative correlation with population and economy is most obvious.Thus it is concluded that the spatial differentiation of population and economy in Yunnan Province is influenced not only by the gradient change of vertical topographic factors such as RDLS,but also affected by the factor like the horizontal distance from the central area,and thus forms a mechanism of action in which population distribution and economic development are impinged upon by both vertical topographic factors and horizontal distance.
Taking the 129 counties(districts and prefecture-level cities)in Yunnan as the space carrier,basing on the90 mresolution DEM data,finding the best analysis window of RDLS calculation to do county RDLS extraction,a contrastive survey is made both holistically and hierarchically to examine the relevant data in terms of the RDLS and population and economy under different topographies in an attempt to find out about the law of RDLS spatial distribution and its correlation with local population and economy.It is found:1.Moran's I index indicates that the RDLS of Yunnan Province is spatially agglomerated and spatially positively correlated;its spatial differentiation law is generally characterized by a high northwest and a low south,a high middle east with a low south and north.2.Due to the dual influences of the distance from regional development center and the topography,on the whole,the county RDLS is not highly correlated with population and economy in Yunnan Province.However,in terms of grading,different combinations of conditions like the degree of terrain fluctuation and the distance from the regional development center have led to varied correlation level between RDLS with population and economy in different counties.Areas with the highest and lowest level of terrain fluctuation are all far from the regional development center,and are affected most severely by topographic fluctuations,and the negative correlation with population and economy is most obvious.Thus it is concluded that the spatial differentiation of population and economy in Yunnan Province is influenced not only by the gradient change of vertical topographic factors such as RDLS,but also affected by the factor like the horizontal distance from the central area,and thus forms a mechanism of action in which population distribution and economic development are impinged upon by both vertical topographic factors and horizontal distance.
引文
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[22]陈慧玲,肖武,王铮,等.巢湖流域地形起伏度及其与人口分布的相关性研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(17):108-112.
[23]蔡道明,李柏,许文盛,等.基于ASTERGDEM数据的湖北省地形起伏度及其与人口和经济的关系研究[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):231-234.
[24]陈田田,彭立,刘邵权,等.基于GIS的横断山区地形起伏度与人口和经济的关系[J].中国科学院大学学报,2016,33(4):505-512.
[25]刘振东,涂汉明.中国地势起伏度统计单元的初步研究[J].热带地理,1989,9(1):31-38.
[26]郎玲玲,程维明,朱启疆.多尺度DEM提取地势起伏度的对比分析:以福建低山丘陵区为例[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(6):1-6.
[27]范建容,张子瑜,李立华.四川省山地类型界定与山区类型划分[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):65-73.
[28]陈志明.论中国地貌图的研制原则、内容与方法:以1∶4000000全国地貌图为例[J].地理学报,1993(2):105-113.
[2]程维明,周成虎.多尺度数字地貌等级分类方法[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(1):23-33.
[3]YU H,LUO Y,LIU S Q,et al.The influences of topographic relief on spatial distribution of mountain settlements in Three Gorges Area.Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):4335-4344.
[4]A·N·斯皮里顿诺夫.地貌制图学[M].北京:地质出版社,1956:81-84.
[5]PRIMA O D A,Echigo A,Yokoyama R,et al.Supervised landform classification of Northeast Honshu from DEM derived thematic maps.Geomorphology,2006,78(3):373-386.
[6]封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.中国地形起伏度及其与人口分布的相关性[J].地理学报,2007(10):1073-1082.
[7]封志明,张丹,杨艳昭.中国分县地形起伏度及其与人口分布和经济发展的相关性[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2011,51(1):146-151.
[8]郑林昌,蔡征超,张雷.包含地理因素的区域经济增长模型及实证分析[J].资源与产业,2012,14(5):182-188.
[9]周晶,陈玉萍,阮冬燕.地形条件对农业机械化发展区域不平衡的影响:基于湖北省县级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2013(9):63-77.
[10]熊黑钢,邹桂红,崔建勇.城市化过程中地形因素对城市空间结构演变的影响:以乌鲁木齐市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(1):55-59.
[11]吴泽,顾磊,张静,杨引宏.陕西省城镇格局与地形关系的定量分析[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版),2016,36(04):47-52.
[12]刘焱序,任志远.基于区域地形起伏度模型的陕西农村劳动力时空格局[J].山地学报,2012,30(4):431-438.
[13]李开渊.基于地貌特征的黄土高原人口空间分布初步研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.
[14]吴见,王帅帅,谭靖.基于安徽省土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(2):239-248.
[15]于慧,邓伟,刘邵权.地势起伏度对三峡库区人口及经济发展水平的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(6):686-690.
[16]周亮,徐建刚,林蔚,等.秦巴山连片特困区地形起伏与人口及经济关系[J].山地学报,2015,33(6):742-750.
[17]康立,王国梁.基于GIS的山西省地形起伏度及其与人口分布相关性的研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,30(4):98-102.
[18]张静静,朱文博,朱连奇,等.基于栅格的豫西山区地形起伏特征及其对人口和经济的影响[J].地理学报,2018,73(6):1093-1106.
[19]杨雪婷,苏维词.云南省县域地形起伏度与人口分布的耦合关系研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,33(1):123-129.
[20]王慧鹏.大连旅顺口区基准地形起伏度与人口分布的空间关联研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2014.
[21]肖池伟,刘影,李鹏.基于地形起伏度的江西省人口-经济格局变化分析[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):222-227.
[22]陈慧玲,肖武,王铮,等.巢湖流域地形起伏度及其与人口分布的相关性研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(17):108-112.
[23]蔡道明,李柏,许文盛,等.基于ASTERGDEM数据的湖北省地形起伏度及其与人口和经济的关系研究[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):231-234.
[24]陈田田,彭立,刘邵权,等.基于GIS的横断山区地形起伏度与人口和经济的关系[J].中国科学院大学学报,2016,33(4):505-512.
[25]刘振东,涂汉明.中国地势起伏度统计单元的初步研究[J].热带地理,1989,9(1):31-38.
[26]郎玲玲,程维明,朱启疆.多尺度DEM提取地势起伏度的对比分析:以福建低山丘陵区为例[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(6):1-6.
[27]范建容,张子瑜,李立华.四川省山地类型界定与山区类型划分[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):65-73.
[28]陈志明.论中国地貌图的研制原则、内容与方法:以1∶4000000全国地貌图为例[J].地理学报,1993(2):105-113.