随钻方位电阻率测井仪器响应数值模拟
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摘要
利用目标导向自适应有限元建立数值模拟模型,计算和分析天线源距、发射频率、地层倾角及围岩电导率等参数变化对随钻方位电阻率测井仪器响应的影响。数值计算结果表明:不同发射频率与天线源距对仪器探测深度影响较大,围岩电导率会影响仪器对地层边界探测的敏感性,地层倾角越大,仪器测量到的地质导向信号幅值衰减越快;利用随钻地质导向信号的极值、极性以及井周电阻率成像,可以快速准确地判断储层边界以及裂缝边缘和走向,为实时钻井地质导向提供依据。
A goal-orientedself-adaptivefinite element method was used to investigate the electromagnetic wave resistivity logging-while-drilling tool response by adjusting transmitting frequency,coils spacing of antenna array and dipangle of formation.Numerical simulations illustrate that the depth sensitivity is strongly controlled by coils spacing and transmitting frequency. The conductivity of surrounding rock can influence the susceptibility of the tool,especially at the formation boundary. Amplitude attenuation of geo-signal is proportional to the dipangle of formation. Considering the amplitude and polarity of the geo-signal in resistivity imaging of the borehole,the reservoir interface,the edge and the trend of the crack can be quickly determined,making it possible in real-time geosteering.
A goal-orientedself-adaptivefinite element method was used to investigate the electromagnetic wave resistivity logging-while-drilling tool response by adjusting transmitting frequency,coils spacing of antenna array and dipangle of formation.Numerical simulations illustrate that the depth sensitivity is strongly controlled by coils spacing and transmitting frequency. The conductivity of surrounding rock can influence the susceptibility of the tool,especially at the formation boundary. Amplitude attenuation of geo-signal is proportional to the dipangle of formation. Considering the amplitude and polarity of the geo-signal in resistivity imaging of the borehole,the reservoir interface,the edge and the trend of the crack can be quickly determined,making it possible in real-time geosteering.
引文
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[15]李会银,苏义脑,盛利民,等.多深度随钻电磁波电阻率测量系统设计[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(3):38-42.LI Huiyin,SU Yinao,SHENG Limin,et al. A logging while drilling tool for multi-depth electromagnetic wave resistivity measurement[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(3):38-42.
[16] PARDO D,TORRES C,DEMKOWICZ L. Simulation of multi-frequency borehole resistivity measurements through metal casing using a goal oriented hp-finite element method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2006,44(8):2125-2135.
[17] LI Hui,SHEN Yize,ZHU Xifang. Numerical simulation of resistivity LWD tool based on higher-order vector finite element[J]. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2016,6(3):533-543.
[18] LIU Dejun,LI Hui,ZHANG Yingying,et al. A study on directional resistivity logging-while-drilling based on self-adaptive hp-FEM[J]. Acta Geophysica,2014,62(6):1328-1351.
[19]SOLIN P,CERVENY J,DOLEZEL I. Arbitrary-level hanging nodes and automatic adaptivity in the hp-FEM[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2008,77(1):117-132.
[2]陈华,范宜仁,邓少贵,等.水平井中随钻电阻率实时确定地层界面方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(5):1623-1629.CHEN Hua,FAN Yiren,DENG Shaogui,et al. Methods for real-time determination of formation boundary with LWD resistivity logs in horizontal wells[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(5):1623-1629.
[3]张文秀,陈文轩,底青云,等.近钻头井斜动态测量重力加速度信号提取方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(11):4174-4183.ZHANG Wenxiu,CHEN Wenxuan,DI Qingyun,et al.An investigation of the extraction method of gravitational acceleration signal for at-bit dynamic inclination measurement[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(11):4174-4183.
[4]薛启龙,王瑞和,孙峰,等.捷联式旋转导向井斜方位动态解算方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(3):93-97.XUE Qilong,WANG Ruihe,SUN Feng,et al. Dynamic solution approach to inclination and azimuth of strap-down rotary steerable system[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(3):93-97.
[5] LI H X,DAI Y S,NI W N,et al. Research on technology of azimuthal electromagnetic wave resistivity logging while drilling and its application in geosteering[C/OL]//4th International Conference on Machinery,Materials and Computing Technology[2016-01-10]. https://www. resea-rchgate. net/publication/315563428_Research_on_Technology_of_Azimuthal_Electromagnetic_Wave_Resistivity_logging_While_Drilling_and_Its_Application_in_Geosteering.
[6]NGEL R R,PARDO D. A priori fourier analysis for2. 5D finite elements simulations of logging-while-drilling(LWD)resistivity measurements[J]. Procedia Computer Science,2016,80(1):782-791.
[7] OLABODE I,CARLOS T V,WILLIAM E P. Inversionbased petrophysical interpretation of logging-while-drilling nuclear and resistivity measurements[J]. Geophysics,2013,78(6):473-489.
[8]许巍,柯式镇,李安宗,等.随钻电磁波测井仪器结构影响的三维有限元模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(6):50-56.XU Wei, KE Shizhen, LI Anzong, et al. Structural effects analysis of an electromagnetic wave propagation resistivity LWD tool by 3D finite element method[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(6):50-56.
[9]魏宝君,田坤,张旭,等.定向电磁波传播随钻测量基本理论及其在地层界面预测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2507-2515.WEI Baojun,TIAN Kun,ZHANG Xu,et al. Physics of directional electromagnetic propagation measurementswhile-drilling and its application for forecasting formation boundaries[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(10):2507-2515.
[10]杨震,杨锦舟,韩来聚.随钻方位电磁波电阻率成像模拟及应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(6):2035-2043.YANG Zhen,YANG Jinzhou,HAN Laiju. Numerical simulation and application of azimuthal propagation resistivity imaging while drilling[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2013,43(6):2035-2043.
[11]杨震,杨锦舟,杨涛.随钻方位电磁波仪器补偿测量方法研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(3):62-68.YANG Zhen,YANG Jinzhou,YANG Tao. Research on azimuthal electromagnetic tool while drilling measuring method of compensation[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(3):62-68.
[12]杨震,杨锦舟,韩来聚,等.随钻方位电磁波界面探测性能分析[J].石油学报,2016,37(7):930-938.YANG Zhen,YANG Jinzhou,HAN Laiju,et al. Interface detection performance analysis of azimuthal electromagnetic while drilling[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(7):930-938.
[13]刘乃震,王忠,刘策.随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪地质导向关键技术[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(5):1767-1775.LIU Naizhen,WANG Zhong,LIU Ce. Theories and key techniques of directional electromagnetic propagation resistivity tool for geosteering applications while drilling[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(5):1767-1775.
[14]王浩森,杨守文,白彦,等.非均质各向异性地层中方位随钻电磁测井响应三维有限体积法数值模拟算法[J].物理学报,2016,65(7):337-349.WANG Haosen, YANG Shouwen, BAI Yan, et al.Three-dimensional finite volume simulation of the response of azimuth electromagnetic wave resistivity while drilling in inhomogeneous anisotropic formation[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(7):337-349.
[15]李会银,苏义脑,盛利民,等.多深度随钻电磁波电阻率测量系统设计[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(3):38-42.LI Huiyin,SU Yinao,SHENG Limin,et al. A logging while drilling tool for multi-depth electromagnetic wave resistivity measurement[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(3):38-42.
[16] PARDO D,TORRES C,DEMKOWICZ L. Simulation of multi-frequency borehole resistivity measurements through metal casing using a goal oriented hp-finite element method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2006,44(8):2125-2135.
[17] LI Hui,SHEN Yize,ZHU Xifang. Numerical simulation of resistivity LWD tool based on higher-order vector finite element[J]. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2016,6(3):533-543.
[18] LIU Dejun,LI Hui,ZHANG Yingying,et al. A study on directional resistivity logging-while-drilling based on self-adaptive hp-FEM[J]. Acta Geophysica,2014,62(6):1328-1351.
[19]SOLIN P,CERVENY J,DOLEZEL I. Arbitrary-level hanging nodes and automatic adaptivity in the hp-FEM[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2008,77(1):117-132.