工作场所手传振动的测量与评估——以割草机和绿篱机为例
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摘要
根据ISO 5349:2001规定,将三轴加速度传感器安装在割草机和绿篱机的手柄上,通过振动分析仪AWA 6258测量割草机和绿篱机的频率计权振动总值,以进行手传振动的危害评估。结果表明:割草机和绿篱机的日振动暴露量A(8)值均超过了我国标准规定的日暴露振动限值3. 5 m/s2,预计分别经过1. 8～8. 5 a和1. 9～5. 2 a后,暴露于割草和修枝工种人群的10%以上将出现振动性白指,为了有效降低或避免手臂振动病的发生,该行业的作业人员每日接触振动的时间应该控制在2. 6 h以内。
According to the regulations of ISO 5349: 2001,the triaxial accelerometers were installed on the handle of grass trimmer and hedge trimmer,and the frequency-weighted vibration total values of the grass trimmer and hedge trimmer were measured by using the vibration analyzer AWA 6258 to conduct the hazard evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration. The results showed that both the daily exposure to vibration A(8) values of the grass trimmer and hedge trimmer exceeded the daily exposure limit value 3. 5 m/s2 regulated by our national standard. It was predicted that over 10% of the exposure persons working on mowing and pruning would occurred the vibration-induced white finger after 1. 8-8. 5 years and 1. 9-5. 2 years respectively. In order to effectively reduce or avoid the occurrence of hand-arm vibration disease,the daily time of contacting vibration for the workers in this industry should be controlled within 2. 6 hours.
According to the regulations of ISO 5349: 2001,the triaxial accelerometers were installed on the handle of grass trimmer and hedge trimmer,and the frequency-weighted vibration total values of the grass trimmer and hedge trimmer were measured by using the vibration analyzer AWA 6258 to conduct the hazard evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration. The results showed that both the daily exposure to vibration A(8) values of the grass trimmer and hedge trimmer exceeded the daily exposure limit value 3. 5 m/s2 regulated by our national standard. It was predicted that over 10% of the exposure persons working on mowing and pruning would occurred the vibration-induced white finger after 1. 8-8. 5 years and 1. 9-5. 2 years respectively. In order to effectively reduce or avoid the occurrence of hand-arm vibration disease,the daily time of contacting vibration for the workers in this industry should be controlled within 2. 6 hours.
引文
[1]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业性手臂振动病的诊断:GBZ7-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[2]HEAVER C,GOONETILLEKE K S,FERGUSON H.Hand-arm vibration syndrome:a common occupational hazard in industrialized countries[J].The Journal of Hand Surgery,European volume,2011,36(5):354-363.
[3]XU Xiangrong,YUAN Zhiwei,GONG Manman,et al.Occupational hazards survey among coal workers using hand-held vibrating tools in a northern China coal mine[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016,62:21-26.
[4]谢晓霜,祁成,杜燮祎,等.汽车铸造及装配作业场所振动工具手传振动测量和分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(2):107-110.XIE Xiaoshuang,QI Cheng,DU Xieyi,et al.Measurement and analysis of hand-transmitted vibration of vibration tools in workplace for automobile casting and assembly[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases,2016,34(2):107-110.
[5]肖斌,陈青松,林瀚生,等.手持工件打磨作业手传振动基本特征调查[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):312-315,319.XIAO Bin,CHEN Qingsong,LIN Hansheng,et al.Essential characteristics of hand-arm vibration in hand-held workpiece polishing[J].China Occupational Medicine,2016,43(3):312-315,319.
[6]BUHAUG K,MOEN B E,IRGENS A.Upper limb disability in Norwegian workers with hand-arm vibration syndrome[J].Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology,(London,England),2014,9(1).
[7]WANG Lin,ZHANG Chunzhi,ZHANG Qiang,et al.The study on hand-arm vibration syndrome in China[J].Industrial Health,2005,43(3):480-483.
[8]SU A T,MAEDA S,FUKUMOTO J,et al.A Cross sectional study on hand-arm vibration syndrome among a group of tree fellers in a tropical environment[J].Industrial Health,2014,52(4):367-376.
[9]ROSEIRO L M,PAULINO M F,NETO M A,et al.Analysis of hand-arm vibration syndrome in drummers[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2018,66:110-118.
[10]AGHILONE G,CAVACECE M.Dose response relationship between exposure to Hand-Arm vibration and health effects among dentist at workplace[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2013,1(1):31-42.
[11]SAVIONEK D.Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to hand-arm system during leisure cyclist activity[J].Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics,2014,30(4):291-300.
[12]陈嘉斌,陈青松,王建新,等.《职业性手臂振动病的诊断》标准修订说明[J].中国职业医学,2015(2):212-216.CHEN Jiabin,CHEN Qingsong,WANG jianxin,et al.Revision notes of diagnosis occupational hand-arm vibration disease[J].China Occupational Medicine,2015(2):212-216.
[13]AZMIR N A,GHAZALI M I,YAHYA M N,et al.Hand-arm vibration disorder among grass-cutter workers in Malaysia[J].International Journal of Occupational Safety&Ergonomics:Jose,2016,22(3):433-438.
[14]全国机械振动、冲击与状态监测标准化技术委员会.人体对振动的响应测量仪器:GB/T 23716-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[15]全国机械振动、冲击与状态监测标准化技术委员会.机械振动人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价第1部分:一般要求:GB/T 14790.1-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.(ISO5349-1:2001,IDT)
[16]ISO 5349-1:2001.Mechanical vibration-measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part1:General requirements[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2001.
[17]全国机械振动、冲击与状态监测标准化技术委员会.机械振动人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价第2部分:工作场所测量实用指南:GB/T 14790.2-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[18]ISO 5349-2:2001.Mechanical vibration-measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 2:Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2001.
[19]肖斌,温薇,徐国勇,等.工作场所手传振动测量与评价存在的问题及建议[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(4):315-316.XIAO Bin,WEN Wei,XU Guoyong,et al.Problems and suggestions in measurement and evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration in the workplace[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases,2014,32(4):315-316.
[20]ISO 8727-1997.Mechanical vibration and shock-human exposurebiodynamic coordinate systems[S].Geneva,International Organization for Standardization,1997.
[21]2002/44/EC.On the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents(vibration)[S].Luxembourg:The European Parliament and Council of European Union,2002.
[22]ANSI S2.70.Guide for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand[S].New York:A-merican National Standards Institute,2006.
[23]REYNOLDS D D.Revision of ANSI S3.34(2.70-2006)-Guide for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand[J].Proceedings Of the First American Conference on Human Vibration.2006.
[24]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[2]HEAVER C,GOONETILLEKE K S,FERGUSON H.Hand-arm vibration syndrome:a common occupational hazard in industrialized countries[J].The Journal of Hand Surgery,European volume,2011,36(5):354-363.
[3]XU Xiangrong,YUAN Zhiwei,GONG Manman,et al.Occupational hazards survey among coal workers using hand-held vibrating tools in a northern China coal mine[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016,62:21-26.
[4]谢晓霜,祁成,杜燮祎,等.汽车铸造及装配作业场所振动工具手传振动测量和分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(2):107-110.XIE Xiaoshuang,QI Cheng,DU Xieyi,et al.Measurement and analysis of hand-transmitted vibration of vibration tools in workplace for automobile casting and assembly[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases,2016,34(2):107-110.
[5]肖斌,陈青松,林瀚生,等.手持工件打磨作业手传振动基本特征调查[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):312-315,319.XIAO Bin,CHEN Qingsong,LIN Hansheng,et al.Essential characteristics of hand-arm vibration in hand-held workpiece polishing[J].China Occupational Medicine,2016,43(3):312-315,319.
[6]BUHAUG K,MOEN B E,IRGENS A.Upper limb disability in Norwegian workers with hand-arm vibration syndrome[J].Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology,(London,England),2014,9(1).
[7]WANG Lin,ZHANG Chunzhi,ZHANG Qiang,et al.The study on hand-arm vibration syndrome in China[J].Industrial Health,2005,43(3):480-483.
[8]SU A T,MAEDA S,FUKUMOTO J,et al.A Cross sectional study on hand-arm vibration syndrome among a group of tree fellers in a tropical environment[J].Industrial Health,2014,52(4):367-376.
[9]ROSEIRO L M,PAULINO M F,NETO M A,et al.Analysis of hand-arm vibration syndrome in drummers[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2018,66:110-118.
[10]AGHILONE G,CAVACECE M.Dose response relationship between exposure to Hand-Arm vibration and health effects among dentist at workplace[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2013,1(1):31-42.
[11]SAVIONEK D.Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to hand-arm system during leisure cyclist activity[J].Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics,2014,30(4):291-300.
[12]陈嘉斌,陈青松,王建新,等.《职业性手臂振动病的诊断》标准修订说明[J].中国职业医学,2015(2):212-216.CHEN Jiabin,CHEN Qingsong,WANG jianxin,et al.Revision notes of diagnosis occupational hand-arm vibration disease[J].China Occupational Medicine,2015(2):212-216.
[13]AZMIR N A,GHAZALI M I,YAHYA M N,et al.Hand-arm vibration disorder among grass-cutter workers in Malaysia[J].International Journal of Occupational Safety&Ergonomics:Jose,2016,22(3):433-438.
[14]全国机械振动、冲击与状态监测标准化技术委员会.人体对振动的响应测量仪器:GB/T 23716-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[15]全国机械振动、冲击与状态监测标准化技术委员会.机械振动人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价第1部分:一般要求:GB/T 14790.1-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.(ISO5349-1:2001,IDT)
[16]ISO 5349-1:2001.Mechanical vibration-measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part1:General requirements[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2001.
[17]全国机械振动、冲击与状态监测标准化技术委员会.机械振动人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价第2部分:工作场所测量实用指南:GB/T 14790.2-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[18]ISO 5349-2:2001.Mechanical vibration-measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 2:Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2001.
[19]肖斌,温薇,徐国勇,等.工作场所手传振动测量与评价存在的问题及建议[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(4):315-316.XIAO Bin,WEN Wei,XU Guoyong,et al.Problems and suggestions in measurement and evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration in the workplace[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases,2014,32(4):315-316.
[20]ISO 8727-1997.Mechanical vibration and shock-human exposurebiodynamic coordinate systems[S].Geneva,International Organization for Standardization,1997.
[21]2002/44/EC.On the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents(vibration)[S].Luxembourg:The European Parliament and Council of European Union,2002.
[22]ANSI S2.70.Guide for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand[S].New York:A-merican National Standards Institute,2006.
[23]REYNOLDS D D.Revision of ANSI S3.34(2.70-2006)-Guide for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand[J].Proceedings Of the First American Conference on Human Vibration.2006.
[24]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.