基于形态与DNA条形码的中国鲾科鱼类分类研究
|
摘要
鲾科鱼类因鳞片细小易脱落,鳍棘易折断,且部分物种具有性二态特征,导致传统分类鉴定困难。为明确中国鲾科(Leiognathidae)鱼类的分类地位,测量了小牙鲾(Gazza minuta)、G. sp. A、黄斑鲾(Leiognathusbindus)、短吻鲾(L. brevirostris)、颈斑鲾(L. nuchalis)、短棘鲾(L. equulus)、细纹鲾(L. berbis)、带纹鲾(L.striatus)、坚鲾(L. stercorarius)、仰口鲾(Secutor ruconius) 10种147尾中国鲾科鱼类的28个形态参数,消除异增长效应后进行主成分分析、判别分析以及聚类分析,发现不同物种间表观形态上具有较大的相似性,易造成鉴定错误。测定中国鲾科鱼类10种47尾DNA条形码序列,结合Gen Bank和BOLD下载数据进行联并分析,发现小牙鲾、G. sp. A、黄斑鲾、短吻鲾、颈斑鲾、短棘鲾、细纹鲾、带纹鲾、坚鲾、仰口鲾、曳丝鲾(L. leuciscus)、宽身小牙鲾(G. achlamys) 12种鲾科鱼类105条序列聚类成11个自展数据支持率为100%的分支,分支间平均遗传距离(18. 6%)是分支内(0. 3%)的62倍,支持分支的物种分类地位。短吻鲾和颈带鲾分支间平均遗传距离(8. 1%)是分支内(0. 15%)的54倍,形态与分子均没有重叠,应为2个独立种。牙鲾属G. sp. A与宽身小牙鲾及小牙鲾的种间遗传距离分别是种内遗传距离的35倍和79倍,支持其为独立的物种。另外,发现本研究采集于广东阳江的坚鲾、海南博鳌的带纹鲾和G. sp. A为中国3个新纪录种。
Leiognathidae are widely distributed in Indo-western Pacific,as the scales are small and easy to fall off,the fins are easy to break down,and some species have sexual dimorphism,which makes species identification difficult. To clarify the species status of Leiognathidae in China,147 ind of 10 Leiognathid species,i. e.,Gazza minuta,G. sp. A,Leiognathus bindus,L. brevirostris,L. nuchalis,L. equulus,L. berbis,L. striatus,L. stercorarius,Secutor ruconius,collected in coastal waters of China were studied for morphometric measurement. After eliminating the allometric growth effects,principal component,discriminant analysis and cluster analyses showed that the great morphological similarities were prone to make mistakes in some species assignment. Partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene( COI) of 47 ind of the above mentioned 10 Leiognathid species were sequenced. Combinded with sequences downloaded from GenBank and BOLD,DNA barcoding analyses revealed that 12 morphospecies Gazza minuta,G. achlamys,G. sp. A,Leiognathus bindus,L. brevirostris,L. nuchalis,L. equulus,L. berbis,L. striatus,L. stercorarius,L. leuciscus,Secutor ruconius clustered into 11 clades with 100% bootstrap supports. The average genetic distance among clades( 18. 6%) was 62 times higher than those within clades( 0. 3%),supporting the species status of the clades. The average genetic distance( 8. 1%) between L. brevirostris and L. nuchalis was 54 times those within species( 0. 15%),and their morphological charaters were not overlapped,supporting their separate species status. The genetic distance of G. sp. A to G. achlamys and G. minuta was 35 times and 79 times of their intraspecific genetic distance respectively,supporting their separate species status. Meanwhile,3 species collected in the present study,i. e.,L. stercorarius,L. striatus and G. sp. A,were new record species in coastal waters of China.
Leiognathidae are widely distributed in Indo-western Pacific,as the scales are small and easy to fall off,the fins are easy to break down,and some species have sexual dimorphism,which makes species identification difficult. To clarify the species status of Leiognathidae in China,147 ind of 10 Leiognathid species,i. e.,Gazza minuta,G. sp. A,Leiognathus bindus,L. brevirostris,L. nuchalis,L. equulus,L. berbis,L. striatus,L. stercorarius,Secutor ruconius,collected in coastal waters of China were studied for morphometric measurement. After eliminating the allometric growth effects,principal component,discriminant analysis and cluster analyses showed that the great morphological similarities were prone to make mistakes in some species assignment. Partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene( COI) of 47 ind of the above mentioned 10 Leiognathid species were sequenced. Combinded with sequences downloaded from GenBank and BOLD,DNA barcoding analyses revealed that 12 morphospecies Gazza minuta,G. achlamys,G. sp. A,Leiognathus bindus,L. brevirostris,L. nuchalis,L. equulus,L. berbis,L. striatus,L. stercorarius,L. leuciscus,Secutor ruconius clustered into 11 clades with 100% bootstrap supports. The average genetic distance among clades( 18. 6%) was 62 times higher than those within clades( 0. 3%),supporting the species status of the clades. The average genetic distance( 8. 1%) between L. brevirostris and L. nuchalis was 54 times those within species( 0. 15%),and their morphological charaters were not overlapped,supporting their separate species status. The genetic distance of G. sp. A to G. achlamys and G. minuta was 35 times and 79 times of their intraspecific genetic distance respectively,supporting their separate species status. Meanwhile,3 species collected in the present study,i. e.,L. stercorarius,L. striatus and G. sp. A,were new record species in coastal waters of China.
引文
[1]MCFALL-NGAI M J,DUNLAP P V.External and internal sexual dimorphism in leiognathid fishes:morphological evidence for sex-specific bioluminescent signaling[J].Journal of Morphology,1984,182(1):71-83.
[2]TANG W.Chinese medical materials from the sea[J].Abstr.Chin.Med.,1987(1):571-600.
[3]孙典荣,陈铮.南海鱼类检索.上册[M].北京:海洋出版社,2013.SUN D R,CHEN Z.Fish retrieval in the South China Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2013.
[4]CHAKRABARTY P,SPARKS J S.Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of nuchequula Whitley 1932(Teleostei:Leiognathidae),with the description of a new species[J].American Museum Novitates,2007,78(3588):1-25.
[5]SPARKS J S,CHAKRABARTY P.Description of a new genus of ponyfishes(Teleostei:Leiognathidae),with a review of the current genericlevel composition of the family[J].Zootaxa,2015,3947(2):181-190.
[6]陈大刚,张美昭.中国海洋鱼类[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2015.CHEN D D,ZHANG M S.Chinese marine fish[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2015.
[7]JONES G.Revision of the Australian species of the fish family Leiognathidae[J].Marine&Freshwater Research,1985,36(4):559-613.
[8]孙典荣,李渊,王雪辉.海南岛近岸海域鱼类物种组成和多样性的季节变动[J].南方水产科学,2012,08(1):1-7.SUN D,LI Y,WANG X H.Seasonal changes of species composition and diversity of fishes in coastal waters of Hainan Island,China[J].South China Fisheries Science,2012,08(1):1-7.
[9]CHAKRABARTY P,DAVIS M P,SMITH W L,et al.Evolution of the light organ system in ponyfishes(Teleostei:Leiognathidae)[J].Journal of Morphology,2011,272(6):704-721.
[10]YU X X.Characteristics of leiognathid shape development and DNA barcode for species identification[D].Taiwan:Institute of Zoology College of Life Science,National Taiwan University,2014.
[11]ABRAHAM K J,JOSHI K K,MURTY V S R.Taxonomy of the fishes of the family Leiognathidae(Pisces,Teleostei)from the West Coast of India[J].Zootaxa,2011(2886):1-18.
[12]HEBERT P D N,CYWINSKA A,BALL S L,et al.Biological identifications through DNA barcodes[J].Proceedings Biological Sciences,2003,270(1512):313-321.
[13]HEBERT P D N,RATNASINGHAM S,DEWAARDJ R.Barcoding animal life:Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B:Biological Sciences 2003,270(1):96-99.
[14]WARD R D,ZEMLAK T S,INNES B H,et al.DNA barcoding Australia's fish species[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B:Biological Sciences,2005,360(1462):1847-1857.
[15]RUBINOFF D,CAMERON S,WILL K.A genomic perspective on the shortcomings of mitochondrial DNA for"barcoding"identification[J].Journal of Heredity,2006,97(6):581-594.
[16]黄镇宇,章群,卢丽锋.基于形态测量和DNA条形码的中国鲻科鱼类分类研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(1):1-9.HUANG Z Y,ZHANG Q,LU L F.Morphological measurements and DNA barcoding of Mugilidae in coastal waters of China[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(1):1-9.
[17]陈璐,黄伯炎,薛丹,等.中国沿海鯻科鱼类DNA条形码研究及新记录种三线鯻分类地位探讨[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(2):121-130.CHEN L,HUANG B Y,XUE D,et al.DNAbarcoding of Terapontidae and taxonomic status of a new record of Terapon puta in costal waters of China[J].Marine Fisheries,2017,39(2):121-130.
[18]YING G S,ARIFFIN A F,JAAFAR T N A M.Levels of COI divergence in family Leiognathidae using sequences available in Gen Bank and BOLDSystems:A review on the accuracy of public databases[J].Aquaculture,Aquarium,Conservation&Legislation-International Journal of the Bioflux Society,2017,10(2):391-401.
[19]JU Y M,SONG N,CHEN G B,et al.A new record of ponyfish Deveximentum megalolepis(Perciformes:Leiognathidae)in Beibu Gulf of China[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2017,16(3):468-472.
[20]ROHLF F J,MARCUS L F.A revolution in morphometrics[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1993,8(4):129-132.
[21]ELLIOTT N G,HASKARD K,KOSLOW J A.Morphometric analysis of orange roughy(Hoplostethus atlanticus)off the continental slope of southern Australia[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,46(2):202-220.
[22]乐小亮,章群,赵爽,等.一种高效快速的鱼类标本基因组DNA提取方法[J].生物技术通报,2010(2):202-204.LE X L,ZHANG Q,ZHAO S,et al.A fast efficient method for isolation of genomic DNA from fish specimens[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2010(2):202-204.
[23]TAMURA K,CTECHER G,PETERSON D,et al.MEGA6.Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2013,30(12):2725-2729.
[24]PUILLANDRE N,LAMBERT A,BROUILLET S,et al.Abgd,automatic barcode gap discovery for primary species delimitation[J].Molecular Ecology,2012,21(8):1864-1877.
[25]TALWAR P K,JHINGRAN A G.Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries[J].Copeia,1994(3):828.
[26]BOSTROM M A.Hybridization between two serranids,the coney,and the creole-fish,at BermudaCephalopholis fulva-Paranthias furcifer[J].Fishery Bulletin-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,2002,100(4):651-661.
[2]TANG W.Chinese medical materials from the sea[J].Abstr.Chin.Med.,1987(1):571-600.
[3]孙典荣,陈铮.南海鱼类检索.上册[M].北京:海洋出版社,2013.SUN D R,CHEN Z.Fish retrieval in the South China Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2013.
[4]CHAKRABARTY P,SPARKS J S.Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of nuchequula Whitley 1932(Teleostei:Leiognathidae),with the description of a new species[J].American Museum Novitates,2007,78(3588):1-25.
[5]SPARKS J S,CHAKRABARTY P.Description of a new genus of ponyfishes(Teleostei:Leiognathidae),with a review of the current genericlevel composition of the family[J].Zootaxa,2015,3947(2):181-190.
[6]陈大刚,张美昭.中国海洋鱼类[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2015.CHEN D D,ZHANG M S.Chinese marine fish[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2015.
[7]JONES G.Revision of the Australian species of the fish family Leiognathidae[J].Marine&Freshwater Research,1985,36(4):559-613.
[8]孙典荣,李渊,王雪辉.海南岛近岸海域鱼类物种组成和多样性的季节变动[J].南方水产科学,2012,08(1):1-7.SUN D,LI Y,WANG X H.Seasonal changes of species composition and diversity of fishes in coastal waters of Hainan Island,China[J].South China Fisheries Science,2012,08(1):1-7.
[9]CHAKRABARTY P,DAVIS M P,SMITH W L,et al.Evolution of the light organ system in ponyfishes(Teleostei:Leiognathidae)[J].Journal of Morphology,2011,272(6):704-721.
[10]YU X X.Characteristics of leiognathid shape development and DNA barcode for species identification[D].Taiwan:Institute of Zoology College of Life Science,National Taiwan University,2014.
[11]ABRAHAM K J,JOSHI K K,MURTY V S R.Taxonomy of the fishes of the family Leiognathidae(Pisces,Teleostei)from the West Coast of India[J].Zootaxa,2011(2886):1-18.
[12]HEBERT P D N,CYWINSKA A,BALL S L,et al.Biological identifications through DNA barcodes[J].Proceedings Biological Sciences,2003,270(1512):313-321.
[13]HEBERT P D N,RATNASINGHAM S,DEWAARDJ R.Barcoding animal life:Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B:Biological Sciences 2003,270(1):96-99.
[14]WARD R D,ZEMLAK T S,INNES B H,et al.DNA barcoding Australia's fish species[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B:Biological Sciences,2005,360(1462):1847-1857.
[15]RUBINOFF D,CAMERON S,WILL K.A genomic perspective on the shortcomings of mitochondrial DNA for"barcoding"identification[J].Journal of Heredity,2006,97(6):581-594.
[16]黄镇宇,章群,卢丽锋.基于形态测量和DNA条形码的中国鲻科鱼类分类研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(1):1-9.HUANG Z Y,ZHANG Q,LU L F.Morphological measurements and DNA barcoding of Mugilidae in coastal waters of China[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(1):1-9.
[17]陈璐,黄伯炎,薛丹,等.中国沿海鯻科鱼类DNA条形码研究及新记录种三线鯻分类地位探讨[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(2):121-130.CHEN L,HUANG B Y,XUE D,et al.DNAbarcoding of Terapontidae and taxonomic status of a new record of Terapon puta in costal waters of China[J].Marine Fisheries,2017,39(2):121-130.
[18]YING G S,ARIFFIN A F,JAAFAR T N A M.Levels of COI divergence in family Leiognathidae using sequences available in Gen Bank and BOLDSystems:A review on the accuracy of public databases[J].Aquaculture,Aquarium,Conservation&Legislation-International Journal of the Bioflux Society,2017,10(2):391-401.
[19]JU Y M,SONG N,CHEN G B,et al.A new record of ponyfish Deveximentum megalolepis(Perciformes:Leiognathidae)in Beibu Gulf of China[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2017,16(3):468-472.
[20]ROHLF F J,MARCUS L F.A revolution in morphometrics[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1993,8(4):129-132.
[21]ELLIOTT N G,HASKARD K,KOSLOW J A.Morphometric analysis of orange roughy(Hoplostethus atlanticus)off the continental slope of southern Australia[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,46(2):202-220.
[22]乐小亮,章群,赵爽,等.一种高效快速的鱼类标本基因组DNA提取方法[J].生物技术通报,2010(2):202-204.LE X L,ZHANG Q,ZHAO S,et al.A fast efficient method for isolation of genomic DNA from fish specimens[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2010(2):202-204.
[23]TAMURA K,CTECHER G,PETERSON D,et al.MEGA6.Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2013,30(12):2725-2729.
[24]PUILLANDRE N,LAMBERT A,BROUILLET S,et al.Abgd,automatic barcode gap discovery for primary species delimitation[J].Molecular Ecology,2012,21(8):1864-1877.
[25]TALWAR P K,JHINGRAN A G.Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries[J].Copeia,1994(3):828.
[26]BOSTROM M A.Hybridization between two serranids,the coney,and the creole-fish,at BermudaCephalopholis fulva-Paranthias furcifer[J].Fishery Bulletin-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,2002,100(4):651-661.