Acupuncture through Baihui(DU20) to Qubin(GB7) mitigates neurological impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage
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摘要
Inflammation plays an important role in nerve defects caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Repairing brain damage by inhibiting the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin/spleen tyrosine kinase(Mincle/Syk) signaling pathway is a potential new target for treating cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, we aimed to determine whether acupuncture through Baihui(DU20) to Qubin(GB7) is an effective treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage through the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway. An intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by autologous blood infusion into the caudate nucleus. Acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin was performed for 30 minutes, once every 12 hours, for a total of three times. Piceatannol(34.62 mg/kg), a Syk inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected as a control. Modified neurological severity score was used to assess neurological function. Brain water content was measured. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay were used to detect immunoreactivity and protein expression levels of Mincle, Syk, and CARD9. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine interleukin-1β m RNA levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe histopathological changes. Our results showed that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin remarkably improved neurological function and brain water content, and inhibited immunoreactivity and expression of Mincle, Syk, CARD9, and interkeukin-1β. Moreover, this effect was similar to piceatannol. These findings suggest that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin can improve neurological impairment after cerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway.
Inflammation plays an important role in nerve defects caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Repairing brain damage by inhibiting the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin/spleen tyrosine kinase(Mincle/Syk) signaling pathway is a potential new target for treating cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, we aimed to determine whether acupuncture through Baihui(DU20) to Qubin(GB7) is an effective treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage through the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway. An intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by autologous blood infusion into the caudate nucleus. Acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin was performed for 30 minutes, once every 12 hours, for a total of three times. Piceatannol(34.62 mg/kg), a Syk inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected as a control. Modified neurological severity score was used to assess neurological function. Brain water content was measured. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay were used to detect immunoreactivity and protein expression levels of Mincle, Syk, and CARD9. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine interleukin-1β m RNA levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe histopathological changes. Our results showed that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin remarkably improved neurological function and brain water content, and inhibited immunoreactivity and expression of Mincle, Syk, CARD9, and interkeukin-1β. Moreover, this effect was similar to piceatannol. These findings suggest that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin can improve neurological impairment after cerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway.
Inflammation plays an important role in nerve defects caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Repairing brain damage by inhibiting the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin/spleen tyrosine kinase(Mincle/Syk) signaling pathway is a potential new target for treating cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, we aimed to determine whether acupuncture through Baihui(DU20) to Qubin(GB7) is an effective treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage through the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway. An intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by autologous blood infusion into the caudate nucleus. Acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin was performed for 30 minutes, once every 12 hours, for a total of three times. Piceatannol(34.62 mg/kg), a Syk inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected as a control. Modified neurological severity score was used to assess neurological function. Brain water content was measured. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay were used to detect immunoreactivity and protein expression levels of Mincle, Syk, and CARD9. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine interleukin-1β m RNA levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe histopathological changes. Our results showed that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin remarkably improved neurological function and brain water content, and inhibited immunoreactivity and expression of Mincle, Syk, CARD9, and interkeukin-1β. Moreover, this effect was similar to piceatannol. These findings suggest that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin can improve neurological impairment after cerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway.
引文
Aronowski J,Hall CE(2005)New horizons for primary intracerebral hemorrhage treatment:experience from preclinical studies.Neurol Res 27:268-279.
Aronowski J,Zhao X(2011)Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral hemorrhage:secondary brain injury.Stroke 42:1781-1786.
Arumugam TV,Manzanero S,Furtado M,Biggins PJ,Hsieh YH,Gelderblom M,Mac Donald KP,Salimova E,Li YI,Korn O,Dewar D,Macrae IM,Ashman RB,Tang SC,Rosenthal NA,Ruitenberg MJ,Magnus T,Wells CA(2017)An atypical role for the myeloid receptor Mincle in central nervous system injury.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 37:2098-2111.
Bederson JB,Pitts LH,Tsuji M,Nishimura MC,Davis RL,Bartkowski H(1986)Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion:evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination.Stroke 17:472-476.
Broderick J,Connolly S,Feldmann E,Hanley D,Kase C,Krieger D,Mayberg M,Morgenstern L,Ogilvy CS,Vespa P,Zuccarello M;American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council;American Heart Association/American Stroke Association High Blood Pressure Research Council;Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group(2007)Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults:2007 update:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council,High Blood Pressure Research Council,and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group.Circulation116:e391-413.
Brown GD(2008)Sensing necrosis with Mincle.Nat Immunol 9:1099-1100.
de Rivero Vaccari JC,Brand FJ,3rd,Berti AF,Alonso OF,Bullock MR,de Rivero Vaccari JP(2015)Mincle signaling in the innate immune response after traumatic brain injury.J Neurotrauma 32:228-236.
Duris K,Manaenko A,Suzuki H,Rolland WB,Krafft PR,Zhang JH(2011)alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 attenuates early brain injury in a perforation model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.Stroke 42:3530-3536.
Fadakar K,Dadkhahfar S,Esmaeili A,Rezaei N(2014)The role of Toll-like receptors(TLRs)in stroke.Rev Neurosci 25:699-712.
Fang H,Wang PF,Zhou Y,Wang YC,Yang QW(2013)Toll-like receptor 4signaling in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced inflammation and injury.JNeuroinflammation 10:27.
Flornes LM,Bryceson YT,Spurkland A,Lorentzen JC,Dissen E,Fossum S(2004)Identification of lectin-like receptors expressed by antigen presenting cells and neutrophils and their mapping to a novel gene complex.Immunogenetics 56:506-517.
Gross O,Poeck H,Bscheider M,Dostert C,Hannesschlager N,Endres S,Hartmann G,Tardivel A,Schweighoffer E,Tybulewicz V,Mocsai A,Tschopp J,Ruland J(2009)Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for anti-fungal host defence.Nature 459:433-436.
He Y,Xu L,Li B,Guo ZN,Hu Q,Guo Z,Tang J,Chen Y,Zhang Y,Tang J,Zhang JH(2015)Macrophage-inducible C-type Lectin/Spleen tyrosine kinase signaling pathway contributes to neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.Stroke 46:2277-2286.
Kawata K,Illarionov P,Yang GX,Kenny TP,Zhang W,Tsuda M,Ando Y,Leung PS,Ansari AA,Gershwin ME(2012)Mincle and human B cell function.J Autoimmun 39:315-322.
Keep RF,Hua Y,Xi G(2012)Intracerebral haemorrhage:mechanisms of injury and therapeutic targets.Lancet Neurol 11:720-731.
Lan X,Han X,Li Q,Li Q,Gao Y,Cheng T,Wan J,Zhu W,Wang J(2017)Pinocembrin protects hemorrhagic brain primarily by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 and reducing M1 phenotype microglia.Brain Behav Immun61:326-339.
Lei C,Wu B,Cao T,Zhang S,Liu M(2015)Activation of the high-mobility group box 1 protein-receptor for advanced glycation end-products signaling pathway in rats during neurogenesis after intracerebral hemorrhage.Stroke 46:500-506.
Li Z(2007)Experimental Acupuncture Science.Beijing:China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Liu H,Sun X,Zou W,Leng M,Zhang B,Kang X,He T,Wang H(2017)Scalp acupuncture attenuates neurological deficits in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke.Complement Ther Med 32:85-90.
Liu W,Wang X,Yang S,Huang J,Xue X,Zheng Y,Shang G,Tao J,Chen L(2016)Electroacupunctre improves motor impairment via inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the sensorimotor cortex after ischemic stroke.Life Sci 151:313-322.
Lloyd-Jones D,Adams R,Carnethon M,De Simone G,Ferguson TB,Flegal K,Ford E,Furie K,Go A,Greenlund K,Haase N,Hailpern S,Ho M,Howard V,Kissela B,Kittner S,Lackland D,Lisabeth L,Marelli A,Mc Dermott M,et al.(2009)Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update:a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.Circulation 119:480-486.
Lou YJ,Liu Y,Shan HJ,Cao CH,Jie XS(2016)Effect of acupuncture of“Xingnao Kaiqiao”on the behavior of an immature rat model of cerebral palsy and the underlying mechanism.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu20:7314-7319.
Ma R,Yuan B,Du J,Wang L,Ma L,Liu S,Shu Q,Sun H(2016)Electroacupuncture alleviates nerve injury after cerebra ischemia in rats through inhibiting cell apoptosis and changing the balance of MMP-9/TIMP-1expression.Neurosci Lett 633:158-164.
Matsumoto M,Tanaka T,Kaisho T,Sanjo H,Copeland NG,Gilbert DJ,Jenkins NA,Akira S(1999)A novel LPS-inducible C-type lectin is a transcriptional target of NF-IL6 in macrophages.J Immunol 163:5039-5048.
Mayer SA,Rincon F(2005)Treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage.Lancet Neurol 4:662-672.
Mc Kimmie CS,Roy D,Forster T,Fazakerley JK(2006)Innate immune response gene expression profiles of N9 microglia are pathogen-type specific.J Neuroimmunol 175:128-141.
Meng X,Xu S,Lao L(2011)Clinical acupuncture research in the West.Front Med 5:134-140.
Park JS,Gamboni-Robertson F,He Q,Svetkauskaite D,Kim JY,Strassheim D,Sohn JW,Yamada S,Maruyama I,Banerjee A,Ishizaka A,Abraham E(2006)High mobility group box 1 protein interacts with multiple Toll-like receptors.Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290:C917-924.
Paxinos G,Watson C(2007)The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates,6th Edition:Academic Press/Elsevier.
Qureshi AI,Mendelow AD,Hanley DF(2009)Intracerebral haemorrhage.Lancet 373:1632-1644.
Ribbing C,Engblom C,Lappalainen J,Lindstedt K,Kovanen PT,Karlsson MA,Lundeberg L,Johansson C,Nilsson G,Lunderius-Andersson C,Scheynius A(2011)Mast cells generated from patients with atopic eczema have enhanced levels of granule mediators and an impaired Dectin-1 expression.Allergy 66:110-119.
Shichita T,Hasegawa E,Kimura A,Morita R,Sakaguchi R,Takada I,Sekiya T,Ooboshi H,Kitazono T,Yanagawa T,Ishii T,Takahashi H,Mori S,Nishibori M,Kuroda K,Akira S,Miyake K,Yoshimura A(2012)Peroxiredoxin family proteins are key initiators of post-ischemic inflammation in the brain.Nat Med 18:911-917.
Strasser D,Neumann K,Bergmann H,Marakalala MJ,Guler R,Rojowska A,Hopfner KP,Brombacher F,Urlaub H,Baier G,Brown GD,Leitges M,Ruland J(2012)Syk kinase-coupled C-type lectin receptors engage protein kinase C-sigma to elicit Card9 adaptor-mediated innate immunity.Immunity 36:32-42.
Sudlow CL,Warlow CP(1997)Comparable studies of the incidence of stroke and its pathological types:results from an international collaboration.International Stroke Incidence Collaboration.Stroke 28:491-499.
Suzuki Y,Nakano Y,Mishiro K,Takagi T,Tsuruma K,Nakamura M,Yoshimura S,Shimazawa M,Hara H(2013)Involvement of Mincle and Syk in the changes to innate immunity after ischemic stroke.Sci Rep3:3177.
Takizawa T,Tada T,Kitazawa K,Tanaka Y,Hongo K,Kameko M,Uemura KI(2001)Inflammatory cytokine cascade released by leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neurol Res 23:724-730.
Tang CL,Li J,Zhao B,Shi S,Shen H,Xia ZY(2017)Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with sodium creatine phosphate on inflammation,oxidative stress,and neurological function recovery in patients undergoing intracranial hematoma evacuation:study protocol for a multi-center,prospective randomized parallel-cohort controlled trial.Asia Pac J Clin Trials Nerv Syst Dis 2:1-8.
Tang SC,Arumugam TV,Xu X,Cheng A,Mughal MR,Jo DG,Lathia JD,Siler DA,Chigurupati S,Ouyang X,Magnus T,Camandola S,Mattson MP(2007)Pivotal role for neuronal Toll-like receptors in ischemic brain injury and functional deficits.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:13798-13803.
Wang J,Dore S(2007)Inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27:894-908.
Xie Y,Guo H,Wang L,Xu L,Zhang X,Yu L,Liu Q,Li Y,Zhao N,Zhao N,Ye R,Liu X(2017)Human albumin attenuates excessive innate immunity via inhibition of microglial Mincle/Syk signaling in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Brain Behav Immun 60:346-360.
Xue X,You Y,Tao J,Ye X,Huang J,Yang S,Lin Z,Hong Z,Peng J,Chen L(2014)Electro-acupuncture at points of Zusanli and Quchi exerts anti-apoptotic effect through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Neurosci Lett 558:14-19.
Yasukawa S,Miyazaki Y,Yoshii C,Nakaya M,Ozaki N,Toda S,Kuroda E,Ishibashi K,Yasuda T,Natsuaki Y,Mi-ichi F,Iizasa E,Nakahara T,Yamazaki M,Kabashima K,Iwakura Y,Takai T,Saito T,Kurosaki T,Malissen B,et al.(2014)An ITAM-Syk-CARD9 signalling axis triggers contact hypersensitivity by stimulating IL-1 production in dendritic cells.Nat Commun 5:3755.
Zhang GW,Zou W,Liu F(2012)Effects of the scalp acupuncture at Baihui(DU20)through qubin(GB7)on the expressions of GDNF VEGF in the brain tissue of rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 32:1264-1270.
Zhao F,Hua Y,He Y,Keep RF,Xi G(2011)Minocycline-induced attenuation of iron overload and brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.Stroke 42:3587-3593.
Zhao X,Sun G,Zhang J,Strong R,Song W,Gonzales N,Grotta JC,Aronowski J(2007)Hematoma resolution as a target for intracerebral hemorrhage treatment:role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in microglia/macrophages.Ann Neurol 61:352-362.
Zheng H,Chen C,Zhang J,Hu Z(2016)Mechanism and therapy of brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage.Cerebrovasc Dis 42:155-169.
Zhou Y,Wang Y,Wang J,Anne Stetler R,Yang QW(2014)Inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage:from mechanisms to clinical translation.Prog Neurobiol 115:25-44.
Zou W,Chen QX,Sun XW,Chi QB,Kuang HY,Yu XP,Dai XH(2015)Acupuncture inhibits Notch1 and Hes1 protein expression in the basal ganglia of rats with cerebral hemorrhage.Neural Regen Res 10:457-462.
Aronowski J,Zhao X(2011)Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral hemorrhage:secondary brain injury.Stroke 42:1781-1786.
Arumugam TV,Manzanero S,Furtado M,Biggins PJ,Hsieh YH,Gelderblom M,Mac Donald KP,Salimova E,Li YI,Korn O,Dewar D,Macrae IM,Ashman RB,Tang SC,Rosenthal NA,Ruitenberg MJ,Magnus T,Wells CA(2017)An atypical role for the myeloid receptor Mincle in central nervous system injury.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 37:2098-2111.
Bederson JB,Pitts LH,Tsuji M,Nishimura MC,Davis RL,Bartkowski H(1986)Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion:evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination.Stroke 17:472-476.
Broderick J,Connolly S,Feldmann E,Hanley D,Kase C,Krieger D,Mayberg M,Morgenstern L,Ogilvy CS,Vespa P,Zuccarello M;American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council;American Heart Association/American Stroke Association High Blood Pressure Research Council;Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group(2007)Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults:2007 update:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council,High Blood Pressure Research Council,and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group.Circulation116:e391-413.
Brown GD(2008)Sensing necrosis with Mincle.Nat Immunol 9:1099-1100.
de Rivero Vaccari JC,Brand FJ,3rd,Berti AF,Alonso OF,Bullock MR,de Rivero Vaccari JP(2015)Mincle signaling in the innate immune response after traumatic brain injury.J Neurotrauma 32:228-236.
Duris K,Manaenko A,Suzuki H,Rolland WB,Krafft PR,Zhang JH(2011)alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 attenuates early brain injury in a perforation model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.Stroke 42:3530-3536.
Fadakar K,Dadkhahfar S,Esmaeili A,Rezaei N(2014)The role of Toll-like receptors(TLRs)in stroke.Rev Neurosci 25:699-712.
Fang H,Wang PF,Zhou Y,Wang YC,Yang QW(2013)Toll-like receptor 4signaling in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced inflammation and injury.JNeuroinflammation 10:27.
Flornes LM,Bryceson YT,Spurkland A,Lorentzen JC,Dissen E,Fossum S(2004)Identification of lectin-like receptors expressed by antigen presenting cells and neutrophils and their mapping to a novel gene complex.Immunogenetics 56:506-517.
Gross O,Poeck H,Bscheider M,Dostert C,Hannesschlager N,Endres S,Hartmann G,Tardivel A,Schweighoffer E,Tybulewicz V,Mocsai A,Tschopp J,Ruland J(2009)Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for anti-fungal host defence.Nature 459:433-436.
He Y,Xu L,Li B,Guo ZN,Hu Q,Guo Z,Tang J,Chen Y,Zhang Y,Tang J,Zhang JH(2015)Macrophage-inducible C-type Lectin/Spleen tyrosine kinase signaling pathway contributes to neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.Stroke 46:2277-2286.
Kawata K,Illarionov P,Yang GX,Kenny TP,Zhang W,Tsuda M,Ando Y,Leung PS,Ansari AA,Gershwin ME(2012)Mincle and human B cell function.J Autoimmun 39:315-322.
Keep RF,Hua Y,Xi G(2012)Intracerebral haemorrhage:mechanisms of injury and therapeutic targets.Lancet Neurol 11:720-731.
Lan X,Han X,Li Q,Li Q,Gao Y,Cheng T,Wan J,Zhu W,Wang J(2017)Pinocembrin protects hemorrhagic brain primarily by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 and reducing M1 phenotype microglia.Brain Behav Immun61:326-339.
Lei C,Wu B,Cao T,Zhang S,Liu M(2015)Activation of the high-mobility group box 1 protein-receptor for advanced glycation end-products signaling pathway in rats during neurogenesis after intracerebral hemorrhage.Stroke 46:500-506.
Li Z(2007)Experimental Acupuncture Science.Beijing:China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Liu H,Sun X,Zou W,Leng M,Zhang B,Kang X,He T,Wang H(2017)Scalp acupuncture attenuates neurological deficits in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke.Complement Ther Med 32:85-90.
Liu W,Wang X,Yang S,Huang J,Xue X,Zheng Y,Shang G,Tao J,Chen L(2016)Electroacupunctre improves motor impairment via inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the sensorimotor cortex after ischemic stroke.Life Sci 151:313-322.
Lloyd-Jones D,Adams R,Carnethon M,De Simone G,Ferguson TB,Flegal K,Ford E,Furie K,Go A,Greenlund K,Haase N,Hailpern S,Ho M,Howard V,Kissela B,Kittner S,Lackland D,Lisabeth L,Marelli A,Mc Dermott M,et al.(2009)Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update:a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.Circulation 119:480-486.
Lou YJ,Liu Y,Shan HJ,Cao CH,Jie XS(2016)Effect of acupuncture of“Xingnao Kaiqiao”on the behavior of an immature rat model of cerebral palsy and the underlying mechanism.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu20:7314-7319.
Ma R,Yuan B,Du J,Wang L,Ma L,Liu S,Shu Q,Sun H(2016)Electroacupuncture alleviates nerve injury after cerebra ischemia in rats through inhibiting cell apoptosis and changing the balance of MMP-9/TIMP-1expression.Neurosci Lett 633:158-164.
Matsumoto M,Tanaka T,Kaisho T,Sanjo H,Copeland NG,Gilbert DJ,Jenkins NA,Akira S(1999)A novel LPS-inducible C-type lectin is a transcriptional target of NF-IL6 in macrophages.J Immunol 163:5039-5048.
Mayer SA,Rincon F(2005)Treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage.Lancet Neurol 4:662-672.
Mc Kimmie CS,Roy D,Forster T,Fazakerley JK(2006)Innate immune response gene expression profiles of N9 microglia are pathogen-type specific.J Neuroimmunol 175:128-141.
Meng X,Xu S,Lao L(2011)Clinical acupuncture research in the West.Front Med 5:134-140.
Park JS,Gamboni-Robertson F,He Q,Svetkauskaite D,Kim JY,Strassheim D,Sohn JW,Yamada S,Maruyama I,Banerjee A,Ishizaka A,Abraham E(2006)High mobility group box 1 protein interacts with multiple Toll-like receptors.Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290:C917-924.
Paxinos G,Watson C(2007)The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates,6th Edition:Academic Press/Elsevier.
Qureshi AI,Mendelow AD,Hanley DF(2009)Intracerebral haemorrhage.Lancet 373:1632-1644.
Ribbing C,Engblom C,Lappalainen J,Lindstedt K,Kovanen PT,Karlsson MA,Lundeberg L,Johansson C,Nilsson G,Lunderius-Andersson C,Scheynius A(2011)Mast cells generated from patients with atopic eczema have enhanced levels of granule mediators and an impaired Dectin-1 expression.Allergy 66:110-119.
Shichita T,Hasegawa E,Kimura A,Morita R,Sakaguchi R,Takada I,Sekiya T,Ooboshi H,Kitazono T,Yanagawa T,Ishii T,Takahashi H,Mori S,Nishibori M,Kuroda K,Akira S,Miyake K,Yoshimura A(2012)Peroxiredoxin family proteins are key initiators of post-ischemic inflammation in the brain.Nat Med 18:911-917.
Strasser D,Neumann K,Bergmann H,Marakalala MJ,Guler R,Rojowska A,Hopfner KP,Brombacher F,Urlaub H,Baier G,Brown GD,Leitges M,Ruland J(2012)Syk kinase-coupled C-type lectin receptors engage protein kinase C-sigma to elicit Card9 adaptor-mediated innate immunity.Immunity 36:32-42.
Sudlow CL,Warlow CP(1997)Comparable studies of the incidence of stroke and its pathological types:results from an international collaboration.International Stroke Incidence Collaboration.Stroke 28:491-499.
Suzuki Y,Nakano Y,Mishiro K,Takagi T,Tsuruma K,Nakamura M,Yoshimura S,Shimazawa M,Hara H(2013)Involvement of Mincle and Syk in the changes to innate immunity after ischemic stroke.Sci Rep3:3177.
Takizawa T,Tada T,Kitazawa K,Tanaka Y,Hongo K,Kameko M,Uemura KI(2001)Inflammatory cytokine cascade released by leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neurol Res 23:724-730.
Tang CL,Li J,Zhao B,Shi S,Shen H,Xia ZY(2017)Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with sodium creatine phosphate on inflammation,oxidative stress,and neurological function recovery in patients undergoing intracranial hematoma evacuation:study protocol for a multi-center,prospective randomized parallel-cohort controlled trial.Asia Pac J Clin Trials Nerv Syst Dis 2:1-8.
Tang SC,Arumugam TV,Xu X,Cheng A,Mughal MR,Jo DG,Lathia JD,Siler DA,Chigurupati S,Ouyang X,Magnus T,Camandola S,Mattson MP(2007)Pivotal role for neuronal Toll-like receptors in ischemic brain injury and functional deficits.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:13798-13803.
Wang J,Dore S(2007)Inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27:894-908.
Xie Y,Guo H,Wang L,Xu L,Zhang X,Yu L,Liu Q,Li Y,Zhao N,Zhao N,Ye R,Liu X(2017)Human albumin attenuates excessive innate immunity via inhibition of microglial Mincle/Syk signaling in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Brain Behav Immun 60:346-360.
Xue X,You Y,Tao J,Ye X,Huang J,Yang S,Lin Z,Hong Z,Peng J,Chen L(2014)Electro-acupuncture at points of Zusanli and Quchi exerts anti-apoptotic effect through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Neurosci Lett 558:14-19.
Yasukawa S,Miyazaki Y,Yoshii C,Nakaya M,Ozaki N,Toda S,Kuroda E,Ishibashi K,Yasuda T,Natsuaki Y,Mi-ichi F,Iizasa E,Nakahara T,Yamazaki M,Kabashima K,Iwakura Y,Takai T,Saito T,Kurosaki T,Malissen B,et al.(2014)An ITAM-Syk-CARD9 signalling axis triggers contact hypersensitivity by stimulating IL-1 production in dendritic cells.Nat Commun 5:3755.
Zhang GW,Zou W,Liu F(2012)Effects of the scalp acupuncture at Baihui(DU20)through qubin(GB7)on the expressions of GDNF VEGF in the brain tissue of rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 32:1264-1270.
Zhao F,Hua Y,He Y,Keep RF,Xi G(2011)Minocycline-induced attenuation of iron overload and brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.Stroke 42:3587-3593.
Zhao X,Sun G,Zhang J,Strong R,Song W,Gonzales N,Grotta JC,Aronowski J(2007)Hematoma resolution as a target for intracerebral hemorrhage treatment:role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in microglia/macrophages.Ann Neurol 61:352-362.
Zheng H,Chen C,Zhang J,Hu Z(2016)Mechanism and therapy of brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage.Cerebrovasc Dis 42:155-169.
Zhou Y,Wang Y,Wang J,Anne Stetler R,Yang QW(2014)Inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage:from mechanisms to clinical translation.Prog Neurobiol 115:25-44.
Zou W,Chen QX,Sun XW,Chi QB,Kuang HY,Yu XP,Dai XH(2015)Acupuncture inhibits Notch1 and Hes1 protein expression in the basal ganglia of rats with cerebral hemorrhage.Neural Regen Res 10:457-462.