小流域生态建设对土壤团聚体及其有机碳影响研究
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摘要
以黄土高原王茂沟典型流域5种不同生态建设方式土壤为研究对象,探讨不同的生态建设条件下,坡耕地转变为林地、草地、灌木地及梯田对0～60cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳含量的影响.结果表明:对坡耕地实施水土保持林草、工程措施后,大团聚体破碎化降低,土壤结构稳定性增加,微团聚体向中间团聚体和大团聚体转化,土壤结构趋于改善.坡耕地和灌木土壤有机碳主要分布在微团聚体内,草地有机碳主要分布在大团聚体内,梯田大团聚体有机碳储量最低,林地团聚体有机碳储量差异不显著.对坡耕地进行生态建设恢复,可以有效促进0～20cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳的积累和保护,有助于土壤有机碳的恢复和截存.该研究可为合理规划区域生态建设和促进土壤碳库的管理提供科学依据.
Five ecological construction patterns in Wangmaogou,a typical watershed on theLoess Plateau,were selected as research objects.The soil aggregate stability andaggregate-associated organic carbon content in 0～60 cm soil layer were evaluated aftersloped farmland transformed to forestland,grassland,shrub land and terraced field.Theresults showed that implementation tree-grass planting measures and engineeringmeasures decreased the fragmentation of the large aggregates,increasedthe stability ofsoil structure,facilitated the micro-aggregate transformed to middle aggregate and largeaggregate,and improved the soil structure.Soil organic carbon in slopedfarmland,shrublands and grasslandswere mainly distributed in the micro-aggregates and large-aggregates,respectively.The terraced field had the lowest organic carbon storage inlarge-aggregates.And the soil organic carbon storage in different soil aggregates had nosignificant difference in woodland.Conducted ecological construction on sloped farmlandcould effectively improved the accumulation and protection of organic carbon in soilaggregates in 0～20 cm soil layer.The present study could provide scientific basis forrational planning theregional ecological construction and management the soil carbonstorage.
Five ecological construction patterns in Wangmaogou,a typical watershed on theLoess Plateau,were selected as research objects.The soil aggregate stability andaggregate-associated organic carbon content in 0～60 cm soil layer were evaluated aftersloped farmland transformed to forestland,grassland,shrub land and terraced field.Theresults showed that implementation tree-grass planting measures and engineeringmeasures decreased the fragmentation of the large aggregates,increasedthe stability ofsoil structure,facilitated the micro-aggregate transformed to middle aggregate and largeaggregate,and improved the soil structure.Soil organic carbon in slopedfarmland,shrublands and grasslandswere mainly distributed in the micro-aggregates and large-aggregates,respectively.The terraced field had the lowest organic carbon storage inlarge-aggregates.And the soil organic carbon storage in different soil aggregates had nosignificant difference in woodland.Conducted ecological construction on sloped farmlandcould effectively improved the accumulation and protection of organic carbon in soilaggregates in 0～20 cm soil layer.The present study could provide scientific basis forrational planning theregional ecological construction and management the soil carbonstorage.
引文
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[13]毛艳玲,杨玉盛,邹双全,等.土地利用变化对亚热带山地红壤团聚体有机碳的影响[J].山地学报,2007,25(6):706-713Mao Yanling,Yang Yusheng,Zou Shuangquan,et al.Effects of land use on soil organic carbon in aggregates of hilly red soil in subtropical china[J].Journal of Mountan Science,2007,25(6):706-713
[14]Liu M Y,Chang Q R,Qi Y B,et al.Aggregation and soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses on the tableland of the Loess Plateau of China[J].Catena,2014,115(3):19-28
[15]Cambardella C A,Elliott E T.Carbon and nitrogen dynamics of soil organic matter fractions from cultivated grassland soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1994,58(1):123-130
[16]Eynard A,Schumacher T E,Lindstrom M J,et al.Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,88(2):205-216
[17]姚贤良.土壤结构的肥力意义(文献综述)[J].土壤学报,1965,13(1):111-120Yao Xianliang.Fertility of soil structure(literature review)[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1965,13(1):111-120
[18]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216Chen Shan,Yang Feng,Lin Shan,et al.Impact of land use patterns on stability of soil aggregates in red soil region of south china[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(5):211-216
[19]罗友进,魏朝富,李渝,等.土地利用对石漠化地区土壤团聚体有机碳分布及保护的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):257-266Luo Youjin,Wei Chaofu,Li Yu,et al.Effects of land use on distribution and protection of organic carbon in soil aggregates in karst rocky desertification area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(1):257-266
[20]TISDALL J M,Oades J M.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1982,33(2):141-163
[21]Sodhi G P S,Beri V,Benbi D K.Soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different fractions under long-term application of compost in rice-wheat system[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2009,103(2):412-418
[22]李阳兵,谢德体,魏朝富,等.利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(5):451-455Li Yangbing,Xie Deti,Wei Chaofu,et al.A study of features of Water-Stable soil Aggregate structcre under different land use in karst mountains[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2002,11(5):451-455
[23]Li Zhaoxia,Cai Chongfa,Shi Zhihua,et al.Aggregate stability and its relationship with some chemical properties of red soils in subtropical china[J].Pedosphere,2005,15(1):129-136
[24]Six J,Elliott E T,Paustian K.Soil structure and soil organic matter:II.A normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(3):1042-1049
[25]王勇,姬强,刘帅,等.耕作措施对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1365-1373Wang Yong,Ji Qiang,Liu Shuai,et al.Effects of tillage practices on water-stable aggregation and aggregateassociated organic C in soils[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(7):1365-1373
[26]魏亚伟,苏以荣,陈香碧,等.人为干扰对喀斯特土壤团聚体及其有机碳稳定性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):971-978Wei Yawei,Su Yirong,Chen Xiangbi,et al.Effects of human disturbance on soil aggregates content and their organic C stability in Karst regions[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(4):971-978
[27]赵世伟,苏静,吴金水,等.子午岭植被恢复过程中土壤团聚体有机碳含量的变化[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):114-117Zhao Shiwe,Su Jing,Wu Jinshui,et al.Changes of soil aggregate organic carbon during processof vegetation restoration in Ziwuling[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(3):114-117
[2]夏雪,车升国.陆地生态系统有机碳储量和碳排放的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(29):214-218Xia Xue,Che Shengguo.Advance in organic carbon stock and carbon emission in terrestrial ecosystem[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(29):214-218
[3]Penner J E,Andreae M,Annegarn H,et al.Climate Change 2001:The Scientific Basis,Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC[J].International Journal of Epidemiology,2001,57(8):267-269
[4]Lal R.Soil management and restoration for C sequestration to mitigate the accelerated greenhouse effect[J].Journal of Social&Personal Relationships,1999,12(4):553-558
[5]谭秋锦,宋同清,彭晚霞,等.峡谷型喀斯特不同生态系统土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):671-678Tan Qiujin,Song Tongqing,Peng Wanxia,et al.Stability and organic carbon characteristics of soil aggregates under different ecosystems in karst canyon region[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(3):671-678
[6]彭新华,张斌,赵其国.土壤有机碳库与土壤结构稳定性关系的研究进展[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):618-623Peng Xinhua,Zhang Bin,Zhao Qiguo.A review on relationship between soil organic carbon pools and soil structure stability[J].ActaPedologicaSinica,2004,41(4):618-623
[7]毛艳玲,杨玉盛,刑世和,等.土地利用方式对土壤水稳性团聚体有机碳的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):132-137Mao Yanling,Yang Yusheng,Xing Shihe,et al.Effects of land use on soil organic carbon in water-stable aggregates[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(4):132-137
[8]张曼夏,季猛,李伟,等.土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性及其结合有机碳的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(4):598-604Zhang Manxia,Ji Meng,Li Wei,et al.Effect of land use patterns on soil aggregate stability and aggregateassociated organic carbon[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2013,19(4):598-604
[9]章明奎,何振立,陈国潮,等.利用方式对红壤水稳定性团聚体形成的影响[J].土壤学报,1997(4):359-366Zhang Mingkui,He Zhenli,Chen Guochao,et al.Formation of water-stable aggregates in red soils as affected by land use[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1997(4):359-366
[10]安韶山,张玄,张扬,等.黄土丘陵区植被恢复中不同粒级土壤团聚体有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):109-113An Shaoshan,Zhang Xuan,Zhang Yang,et al.Distribution of organic carbon in different soil aggregates size during revegetation in hilly-gully region of loess plateau[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(6):109-113
[11]罗友进,魏朝富,李渝,等.土地利用对石漠化地区土壤团聚体有机碳分布及保护的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):257-266Luo Youjin,Wei Chaofu,Li Yu,et al.Effects of land use on distribution and protection of organic carbon in soilaggregates in karst rocky desertification area[J].ActaEcologicaSinica,2011,31(1):257-266
[12]谢锦升,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.植被恢复对退化红壤团聚体稳定性及碳分布的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):702-709Xie Jinsheng,Yang Yusheng,Chen Guangshui,et al.Effects of vegetation restoration on water stability and organic carbon distribution in aggregates of degraded red soil in subtropics of China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(2):702-709
[13]毛艳玲,杨玉盛,邹双全,等.土地利用变化对亚热带山地红壤团聚体有机碳的影响[J].山地学报,2007,25(6):706-713Mao Yanling,Yang Yusheng,Zou Shuangquan,et al.Effects of land use on soil organic carbon in aggregates of hilly red soil in subtropical china[J].Journal of Mountan Science,2007,25(6):706-713
[14]Liu M Y,Chang Q R,Qi Y B,et al.Aggregation and soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses on the tableland of the Loess Plateau of China[J].Catena,2014,115(3):19-28
[15]Cambardella C A,Elliott E T.Carbon and nitrogen dynamics of soil organic matter fractions from cultivated grassland soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1994,58(1):123-130
[16]Eynard A,Schumacher T E,Lindstrom M J,et al.Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,88(2):205-216
[17]姚贤良.土壤结构的肥力意义(文献综述)[J].土壤学报,1965,13(1):111-120Yao Xianliang.Fertility of soil structure(literature review)[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1965,13(1):111-120
[18]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216Chen Shan,Yang Feng,Lin Shan,et al.Impact of land use patterns on stability of soil aggregates in red soil region of south china[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(5):211-216
[19]罗友进,魏朝富,李渝,等.土地利用对石漠化地区土壤团聚体有机碳分布及保护的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):257-266Luo Youjin,Wei Chaofu,Li Yu,et al.Effects of land use on distribution and protection of organic carbon in soil aggregates in karst rocky desertification area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(1):257-266
[20]TISDALL J M,Oades J M.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1982,33(2):141-163
[21]Sodhi G P S,Beri V,Benbi D K.Soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different fractions under long-term application of compost in rice-wheat system[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2009,103(2):412-418
[22]李阳兵,谢德体,魏朝富,等.利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(5):451-455Li Yangbing,Xie Deti,Wei Chaofu,et al.A study of features of Water-Stable soil Aggregate structcre under different land use in karst mountains[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2002,11(5):451-455
[23]Li Zhaoxia,Cai Chongfa,Shi Zhihua,et al.Aggregate stability and its relationship with some chemical properties of red soils in subtropical china[J].Pedosphere,2005,15(1):129-136
[24]Six J,Elliott E T,Paustian K.Soil structure and soil organic matter:II.A normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(3):1042-1049
[25]王勇,姬强,刘帅,等.耕作措施对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1365-1373Wang Yong,Ji Qiang,Liu Shuai,et al.Effects of tillage practices on water-stable aggregation and aggregateassociated organic C in soils[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(7):1365-1373
[26]魏亚伟,苏以荣,陈香碧,等.人为干扰对喀斯特土壤团聚体及其有机碳稳定性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):971-978Wei Yawei,Su Yirong,Chen Xiangbi,et al.Effects of human disturbance on soil aggregates content and their organic C stability in Karst regions[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(4):971-978
[27]赵世伟,苏静,吴金水,等.子午岭植被恢复过程中土壤团聚体有机碳含量的变化[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):114-117Zhao Shiwe,Su Jing,Wu Jinshui,et al.Changes of soil aggregate organic carbon during processof vegetation restoration in Ziwuling[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(3):114-117