天山北坡2次暴雪过程机理分析
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摘要
利用FNL及常规资料,对比分析了2010年2月22—24日(过程Ⅰ)和2015年12月10—13日(过程Ⅱ)天山北坡2次暴雪过程。结果表明,暴雪区上空θse锋区陡立和条件性对称不稳定及次级环流是形成暴雪的主要机制。不同点是:过程Ⅰ暴雪产生在西西伯利亚低涡底部强锋区上,南北支短波槽汇合的区域,冷高压为西北路径;过程Ⅱ是乌拉尔山大槽东移北收,冷高压为偏西路径;2次过程在温压的时间演变上有显著的区别。在高低空配置上也有明显的区别:过程Ⅰ 500 hPa以下为暖平流,以上为冷平流,低层为暖湿结构;过程Ⅱ 700 hPa以下为冷平流,700—600 hPa为暖平流,低层有湿冷空气锲入。过程Ⅰ暴雪区位于θse锋区上,锋区低层强,中高层弱;过程Ⅱ暴雪区位于θse锋区中后部,锋区低层弱,中高层强。水汽输送和输入量及比湿过程Ⅰ大于过程Ⅱ。
Based on FNL 6 h reanalysis data and the conventional data,we compared and analyzed the 2 snowstorm process over the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains from 22 ndto 24 thon February2010(The process Ⅰ)and from 10 th to 13 rd on December 2015(The process Ⅱ). The results show that the main mechanism of snowstorm formation are the front over the snowstorm area rising steeply and conditional symmetric instability and secondary circulation. The different characteristics is that the process Ⅰ was generated over the strong front region of the low vortex in west Siberia,and where north-south short wave trough converges,and has cold high pressure from the northwest path;the process Ⅱ was the Ural Mountains big trough east north mobiled,cold high pressure from west path;There is a significant difference between the two processes in the time evolution of the warm compaction. In the high altitude and low allocation also have obvious differences:The process Ⅰ was the warm advection below 500 hPa,and cold advection above 500 hPa and the lower layer has warm and humid air. The process Ⅱ was cold advection below 700 hPa and warm advection in the 700—600 hPa,wet cold air is wedged in the lower troposphere. The process Ⅱ snowstorm area is located in the θse frontal zone,the lower zone is vigorous,Mid high is modestly. The snowstorm area of process Ⅱ was located in the middle and rear part of the θse frontal zone,low frontal zone was modestly,mid-high is hard. Water vapor transport,input and specific humidity of the process Ⅰ >The process Ⅱ.
Based on FNL 6 h reanalysis data and the conventional data,we compared and analyzed the 2 snowstorm process over the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains from 22 ndto 24 thon February2010(The process Ⅰ)and from 10 th to 13 rd on December 2015(The process Ⅱ). The results show that the main mechanism of snowstorm formation are the front over the snowstorm area rising steeply and conditional symmetric instability and secondary circulation. The different characteristics is that the process Ⅰ was generated over the strong front region of the low vortex in west Siberia,and where north-south short wave trough converges,and has cold high pressure from the northwest path;the process Ⅱ was the Ural Mountains big trough east north mobiled,cold high pressure from west path;There is a significant difference between the two processes in the time evolution of the warm compaction. In the high altitude and low allocation also have obvious differences:The process Ⅰ was the warm advection below 500 hPa,and cold advection above 500 hPa and the lower layer has warm and humid air. The process Ⅱ was cold advection below 700 hPa and warm advection in the 700—600 hPa,wet cold air is wedged in the lower troposphere. The process Ⅱ snowstorm area is located in the θse frontal zone,the lower zone is vigorous,Mid high is modestly. The snowstorm area of process Ⅱ was located in the middle and rear part of the θse frontal zone,low frontal zone was modestly,mid-high is hard. Water vapor transport,input and specific humidity of the process Ⅰ >The process Ⅱ.
引文
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[2]张俊兰,万瑜,闵月.乌鲁木齐“2015.12.11”极端暴雪天气的综合分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(1):1-10.
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[6] Grim J A,Rauber R M,Ramamurthy M R,et al. Highresolution observations of the trowel warm frontal region of two continental winter cyclones[J].Mon Wea Rev,2007,135(5):1629-1646.
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[9]柳龙生,李英,赵毅勇.孟加拉湾风暴费林(1302)对藏南一次暴雪过程的影响分析[J].气象,2015,41(9):1079-1085.
[10]王子谦,朱伟军,段安民.孟湾风暴影响高原暴雪个例分析:基于倾斜涡度发展的研究[J].高原气象,2010,29(3):703-711.
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[12]阎琦,温敏,陆井龙,等.两次引发辽宁暴雪过程低涡的动力发展机制[J].气象,2016,42(4):406-414.
[13]吴庆梅,杨波,王国荣.北京地区一次回流暴雪过程的锋区特征分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(2):539-547.
[14]张迎新,张守保,裴玉杰,等.2009年11月华北暴雪过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1204-1212.
[15]张迎新,姚学祥,侯瑞钦,等.2009年秋季冀中南暴雪过程的地形作用分析[J].气象,2011b,37(7):857-862.
[16]杨成芳,高留喜,王方.一次异常强渤海海效应暴雪的三维运动研究[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1213-1223.
[17]杨成芳,周淑玲,刘畅,等.一次入海气旋局地暴雪的结构演变及成因观测分析[J].气象学报,2015,73(6):1039-1015.
[18]周雪松,杨成芳,孙兴池.两次早春暴雪过程的对比分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(2):446-455.
[19]苗爱梅,贾利冬,李智才,等.“091111”山西特大暴雪过程的流型配置及物理量诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):969-981.
[20]王正旺,苗爱梅,庞转棠,等.山西中南部区域性暴雪天气诊断分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(2):531-538.
[21]王正旺,姚彩霞,刘小卫,等.“2009.11”山西大暴雪天气过程诊断分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):477-486.
[22]陈涛,崔彩霞.“2010.1.6”新疆北部特大暴雪过程中的锋面结构及降水机制[J].气象,2012,38(8):921931.
[23]张云惠,于碧馨,谭艳梅,等.乌鲁木齐一次极端暴雪事件中尺度分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(3):431-738.
[24]于碧馨,张云惠,宋雅婷.2012年前冬伊犁河谷持续性大暴雪成因分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):44-51.
[25]张书萍,祝从文.2009年冬季新疆北部持续性暴雪的环流特征及其成因分析[J].大气科学,2011,35(5):833-846.
[26]李如琦,唐冶,肉孜·阿基.2010年新疆北部暴雪异常的环流和水汽特征分析[J].高原气象,2015,34(1):155-162.
[27]杨莲梅,杨涛,贾丽红,等.新疆大~暴雪气候特征及其水汽分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(3):389-396.
[28]杨莲梅,刘雯.新疆北部持续性暴雪过程成因分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(2):507-519.
[29]庄晓翠,赵正波,张林梅,等.新疆阿勒泰地区一次罕见暴雪天气过程分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(6):2430.
[30]庄晓翠,李博渊,张林梅,等.新疆阿勒泰地区冬季大到暴雪气候变化特征[J].干旱区地理,2013,6(6):1013-1022.
[31]庄晓翠,覃家秀,李博渊.2014年新疆西部一次暴雪天气的中尺度特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):326-334.
[32]庄晓翠,李博渊,陈春艳.新疆北部一次暖区与冷锋暴雪并存的天气过程分析[J].气候与环境研究,2016,21(1):17-28.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2015.15000.
[33]庄晓翠,崔彩霞,李博渊,等.新疆北部暖区强降雪中尺度环境与落区分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(1):129-142.
[34] Cressman G P. Circulations of the West Pacific jet stream[J].Monthly Weather Review,1981,109(12):2450-2463.
[35] Bennetts D A,Hoskins B J.Conditional Symmetrie Instability A possible explanation for frontal rain Bands[J].Quart J Roy Mereo Soc,1979,105:945-962.
[36]吴国雄,蔡雅萍,唐晓菁.湿位涡和倾斜涡度发展[J].气象学报,1995,53(4):387-405.
[37]吴国雄,蔡雅萍.风垂直切变和下滑倾斜涡度发展[J].大气科学,1997,21(3):273-281.
[38]陆汉城,杨国祥.中尺度天气原理预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:32-44.
[2]张俊兰,万瑜,闵月.乌鲁木齐“2015.12.11”极端暴雪天气的综合分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(1):1-10.
[3] Marwitz J D,Toth J. A case study of heavy snowfall in Okla-homa[J].Mon Wwa Rev,1993,121(3):648-661.
[4] Martin J E. The structure and evolution of a continental winter cyclone.PartⅠ:Frontal strcture and the occlusion process[J].Mon Wea Rev,1998,126(2):303-328.
[5] Martin J E. 1998.The structure and evolution of a continental winter cyclone.PartⅠ:Frontal forcing of an extreme snow event[J]. Mon Wea Rev,1998,126(2):329-348.
[6] Grim J A,Rauber R M,Ramamurthy M R,et al. Highresolution observations of the trowel warm frontal region of two continental winter cyclones[J].Mon Wea Rev,2007,135(5):1629-1646.
[7] Ninomiya K.Polar low development over the east coast of Asian continent on 9—11 December 1985[J].J Meteor Soc Japan,1991,69(6):669-685.
[8]索渺清,丁一汇.南支槽与孟加拉湾风暴结合对一次高原暴雪过程的影响[J].气象,2014,40(9):1033-1047.
[9]柳龙生,李英,赵毅勇.孟加拉湾风暴费林(1302)对藏南一次暴雪过程的影响分析[J].气象,2015,41(9):1079-1085.
[10]王子谦,朱伟军,段安民.孟湾风暴影响高原暴雪个例分析:基于倾斜涡度发展的研究[J].高原气象,2010,29(3):703-711.
[11]刘宁微,齐琳琳,韩江文.北上低涡引发辽宁历史罕见暴雪天气过程的分析[J].大气科学,2009,22(2):275-284.
[12]阎琦,温敏,陆井龙,等.两次引发辽宁暴雪过程低涡的动力发展机制[J].气象,2016,42(4):406-414.
[13]吴庆梅,杨波,王国荣.北京地区一次回流暴雪过程的锋区特征分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(2):539-547.
[14]张迎新,张守保,裴玉杰,等.2009年11月华北暴雪过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1204-1212.
[15]张迎新,姚学祥,侯瑞钦,等.2009年秋季冀中南暴雪过程的地形作用分析[J].气象,2011b,37(7):857-862.
[16]杨成芳,高留喜,王方.一次异常强渤海海效应暴雪的三维运动研究[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1213-1223.
[17]杨成芳,周淑玲,刘畅,等.一次入海气旋局地暴雪的结构演变及成因观测分析[J].气象学报,2015,73(6):1039-1015.
[18]周雪松,杨成芳,孙兴池.两次早春暴雪过程的对比分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(2):446-455.
[19]苗爱梅,贾利冬,李智才,等.“091111”山西特大暴雪过程的流型配置及物理量诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):969-981.
[20]王正旺,苗爱梅,庞转棠,等.山西中南部区域性暴雪天气诊断分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(2):531-538.
[21]王正旺,姚彩霞,刘小卫,等.“2009.11”山西大暴雪天气过程诊断分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):477-486.
[22]陈涛,崔彩霞.“2010.1.6”新疆北部特大暴雪过程中的锋面结构及降水机制[J].气象,2012,38(8):921931.
[23]张云惠,于碧馨,谭艳梅,等.乌鲁木齐一次极端暴雪事件中尺度分析[J].气象科技,2016,44(3):431-738.
[24]于碧馨,张云惠,宋雅婷.2012年前冬伊犁河谷持续性大暴雪成因分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):44-51.
[25]张书萍,祝从文.2009年冬季新疆北部持续性暴雪的环流特征及其成因分析[J].大气科学,2011,35(5):833-846.
[26]李如琦,唐冶,肉孜·阿基.2010年新疆北部暴雪异常的环流和水汽特征分析[J].高原气象,2015,34(1):155-162.
[27]杨莲梅,杨涛,贾丽红,等.新疆大~暴雪气候特征及其水汽分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(3):389-396.
[28]杨莲梅,刘雯.新疆北部持续性暴雪过程成因分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(2):507-519.
[29]庄晓翠,赵正波,张林梅,等.新疆阿勒泰地区一次罕见暴雪天气过程分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(6):2430.
[30]庄晓翠,李博渊,张林梅,等.新疆阿勒泰地区冬季大到暴雪气候变化特征[J].干旱区地理,2013,6(6):1013-1022.
[31]庄晓翠,覃家秀,李博渊.2014年新疆西部一次暴雪天气的中尺度特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):326-334.
[32]庄晓翠,李博渊,陈春艳.新疆北部一次暖区与冷锋暴雪并存的天气过程分析[J].气候与环境研究,2016,21(1):17-28.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2015.15000.
[33]庄晓翠,崔彩霞,李博渊,等.新疆北部暖区强降雪中尺度环境与落区分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(1):129-142.
[34] Cressman G P. Circulations of the West Pacific jet stream[J].Monthly Weather Review,1981,109(12):2450-2463.
[35] Bennetts D A,Hoskins B J.Conditional Symmetrie Instability A possible explanation for frontal rain Bands[J].Quart J Roy Mereo Soc,1979,105:945-962.
[36]吴国雄,蔡雅萍,唐晓菁.湿位涡和倾斜涡度发展[J].气象学报,1995,53(4):387-405.
[37]吴国雄,蔡雅萍.风垂直切变和下滑倾斜涡度发展[J].大气科学,1997,21(3):273-281.
[38]陆汉城,杨国祥.中尺度天气原理预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:32-44.