汕头市河溪水库浮游植物群落特征及其演替研究
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摘要
通过比较2000年、2009年和2013年浮游植物群落数据,探讨河溪水库浮游植物群落的演替趋势.其中,2009年数据来自丰水期(7月)和枯水期(12月)对河溪水库4个样点的调查结果.2009年河溪水库初步检测出浮游植物81种(含变型和变种),分属6门7纲16目31科54属.优势种为微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、水生集胞藻(Synechocystis aquatilis)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、狭细贾丝藻(Jaaginema angustissimum)、弯头小尖头藻(Raphidiopsis curvata)、颗粒直链藻极狭变种(Melosira granulata var.angustissima)、具尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas caudata)、旋转囊裸藻(Trachelomonas volvocina)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、微小四角藻(Tetraedron minimum)、单生卵囊藻(Oocystis solitaria)和网状空星藻(Coelastrum reticulatum)等.浮游植物丰度、生物量、Margalef指数、Shannon-Weaver指数和Pielou均匀度指数均值分别为7.06×107 cell·L-1,1.55mm3·L-1,1.86,1.87和0.58.与2000年和2013年数据相比,浮游植物种类组成由绿-蓝-硅型向绿-硅-蓝型演替;蓝藻优势种由非定形团块状向丝状群体演替;绿藻优势种由鼓藻类向非鼓藻类演替;硅藻优势种由丝状群体向丝状群体与单细胞复合类型演替;浮游植物丰度呈增加趋势,而Shannon-Weaver指数及Pielou均匀度指数呈下降趋势.
The data of phytoplankton community in 2000,2009 and 2013 were compared to explore the succession trend of phytoplankton community in Hexi Reservoir.The data of2009 were from the survey results of 4 sampling sites of Hexi Reservoir in the wet(July)and dry period(December).There were 81 species/subspecies of phytoplankton in Hexi Reservoir in 2009 which belong to 6 phyla,7 classes,16 orders,31 families and 54 genera.The Merismopedia tenuissima,Synechocystis aquatilis,Microcystis aeruginosa,Jaaginemaangustissimum,Raphidiopsis curvata,Melosira granulata var.angustissima,Chroomonas caudate,Trachelomonas volvocina,Chlorella vulgaris,Tetraedron minimum,Oocystis solitaria and Coelastrum reticulatum appear in different periods as the dominant species.The mean abundance,biovolume,Margalef index,Shannon-Weaver index(H′)and Pielou index(e)of phytoplankton were 7.06×107 cell·L-1,1.55 mm3·L-1,1.86,1.87 and 0.58,respectively.Compared with the data of 2000 and 2013,the community of phytoplankton had a significant succession. The succession trend of species composition was from Chlorophyta-Cyanophyta-Bacillariophyta type to Chlorophyt-Bacillariophyta-Cyanophyta type.The succession trend of dominant species was from colonial cyanobacteria,desmids and filamentous diatoms to filamentous cyanobacteria,non-desmids green algae and complex type of filaments and single cell of diatoms,respectively.The succession trend of abundance of phytoplankton and biodiversity index(H′and e)were increased and decreased,respectively.
The data of phytoplankton community in 2000,2009 and 2013 were compared to explore the succession trend of phytoplankton community in Hexi Reservoir.The data of2009 were from the survey results of 4 sampling sites of Hexi Reservoir in the wet(July)and dry period(December).There were 81 species/subspecies of phytoplankton in Hexi Reservoir in 2009 which belong to 6 phyla,7 classes,16 orders,31 families and 54 genera.The Merismopedia tenuissima,Synechocystis aquatilis,Microcystis aeruginosa,Jaaginemaangustissimum,Raphidiopsis curvata,Melosira granulata var.angustissima,Chroomonas caudate,Trachelomonas volvocina,Chlorella vulgaris,Tetraedron minimum,Oocystis solitaria and Coelastrum reticulatum appear in different periods as the dominant species.The mean abundance,biovolume,Margalef index,Shannon-Weaver index(H′)and Pielou index(e)of phytoplankton were 7.06×107 cell·L-1,1.55 mm3·L-1,1.86,1.87 and 0.58,respectively.Compared with the data of 2000 and 2013,the community of phytoplankton had a significant succession. The succession trend of species composition was from Chlorophyta-Cyanophyta-Bacillariophyta type to Chlorophyt-Bacillariophyta-Cyanophyta type.The succession trend of dominant species was from colonial cyanobacteria,desmids and filamentous diatoms to filamentous cyanobacteria,non-desmids green algae and complex type of filaments and single cell of diatoms,respectively.The succession trend of abundance of phytoplankton and biodiversity index(H′and e)were increased and decreased,respectively.
引文
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[14]郑诚,陆开宏,徐镇,等.四明湖水库浮游植物功能类群的季节演替及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2688-2697.
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[18]卫志宏,张利仙,杨四坤,等.洱海浮游植物群落结构及季节演替[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(4):21-25.
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[20]王丑明,郭晶,张屹,等.1988—2017年洞庭湖浮游植物的群落演变[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(6):19-24.
[21]陈作州,陈椽,晏妮,等.红枫湖水库浮游植物演变(1980—2006年)和富营养化趋势研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,25(3):5-10.
[22]潘鸿,杨扬,唐宇宏,等.惠州沙田水库浮游植物群落特征及演替研究[J].生态科学,2018,37(4):154-159.
[23] GERTEN D,ADRIAN R.Climate-driven changes in spring plankton dynamics and sensitivity of shallow polymictic lakes to the North Atlantic Oscillation[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2000,45(5):1058-1066.
[24]王正.气候变化对南海浮游植物藻华形成的影响研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(12):1384-1390.
[25] HAYS G C,RICHARDSON A J,ROBINSON C.Climate change and marine plankton[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2005,20(6):337-344.
[26]陈绵润,赵帅营,林秋奇,等.广东省水库枝角类组成特征的初步研究[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(1):77-86.
[27]汕头市统计局.2017年汕头市统计年鉴[EB/OL].[2018-3-12].http://www.shantou.gov.cn/tjj/2017tjnj/201808/1b06bfa51e2f4432a84fa1c71957f312/files/dfbb92839ac9427580690a0e18c91ef6.pdf.
[28]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1-915.
[29] JOHN D M,WHITTON B A,BROOK A J.The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002:1-612.
[30] WEHR J D,SHEATH R G.Freshwater algae of North America:ecology and classification[M].New York:Acacemic Press,2003:1-773.
[31]郭坤,杨德国,彭婷,等.湖北省长湖浮游植物优势种生态位分析[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):825-834.
[32]潘鸿,唐宇宏.草型浅水湖泊富营养化评价的浮游植物指标比较[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(3/4):67-69.
[33] BROWN C D,CANFIELD D E JR,BACHMANN R W,et al.Seasonal patterns of chlorophyll,nutrient concentrations and secchi disk transparency in Florida Lakes[J].Lake and Reserv Manage,1998,14(1):60-76.
[34]孙军,薛冰.全球气候变化下的海洋浮游植物多样性[J].生物多样性,2016,24(7):739-747.
[35]陈文祥,栾建国,刘家寿,等.水库生态系统的典型特征、服务功能及渔业效应[C]//韩博平,石秋池,陈文祥.中国水库生态学与水质管理研究.北京:科学出版社,2006:525-547.
[36]吴湘香,李云峰,沈子伟,等.赤水河浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(2):361-368.
[37]孙军,刘东艳.多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用[J].海洋学报,2004,26(1):62-75.
[2]韩博平,李铁,黄华,等.广东省水库水资源分布于生态系统特征[C]//韩博平,石秋池,陈文祥.中国水库生态学与水质管理研究.北京:科学出版社,2006:34-54.
[3]姚佐雄,姚欣文,吴贻贵,等.潮阳年鉴(2012首卷)[EB/OL].[2017-8-5].http://www.gd-info.gov.cn/books/dtree/showbook.jsp?paths=16454&stype=v&docid=148&siteid=cyq.
[4] REYNOLDS C S.The ecology of phytoplankton[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2006:1-435.
[5]潘鸿,杨扬,陶然,等.水质改善的浮游植物群落演替机制模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(12):3309-3316.
[6]胡韧,林秋奇,王朝晖,等.广东省典型水库浮游植物组成与分布特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1939-1944.
[7]王朝晖,韩博平,胡韧,等.广东省典型水库浮游植物群落特征与富营养化研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):402-405.
[8]林秋奇,胡韧,段舜山,等.广东省大中型供水水库营养现状及浮游生物的响应[J].生态学报,2003,23(6):1101-1108.
[9]龙思思,林秋奇,胡韧,等.粤东三个中型水库富营养化特征分析[J].生态科学,2002,21(2):126-130.
[10]毛元宝.粤东主要水库浮游植物与富营养状态分析评价[J].广东水利水电,2014(7):114-119.
[11] SOMMER U,ADRIAN R,DE SENERPONT DOMIS L,et al.Beyond the plankton ecology group(PEG)model:mechanisms driving plankton succession[J].Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,2012,43(1):429-448.
[12] GAEDKE U,RUHENSTROTH-BAUER M,WIEGAND I,et al.Biotic interactions may overrule direct climate effects on spring phytoplankton dynamics[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(3):1122-1136.
[13] AB RANTES N, ANTUNES S C,PEREIRA M J,et al.Seasonal succession of cladocerans and phytoplankton and their interactions in a shallow eutrophic lake(Lake Vela,Portugal)[J].Acta Oecologica,2006,29(1):54-64.
[14]郑诚,陆开宏,徐镇,等.四明湖水库浮游植物功能类群的季节演替及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2688-2697.
[15] RICHARDSON T L,GIBSON C E,HEANEY S I.Temperature,growth and seasonal succession of phytoplankton in Lake Baikal,Siberia[J].Freshwater Biology,2008,44(3):431-440.
[16] FABBRO L D,DUIVENVOORDEN L J.A two-part model linking multidimensional environmental gradients and seasonal succession of phytoplankton assemblages[J].Hydrobiologia,2000,438(1/2/3):13-24.
[17]鲁蕾,吴亦潇,张维昊.城市小型湖泊浮游植物群落结构特征及演替规律——以武汉沙湖为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):5993-6004.
[18]卫志宏,张利仙,杨四坤,等.洱海浮游植物群落结构及季节演替[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(4):21-25.
[19]饶钦止,章宗涉.武汉东湖浮游植物的演变(1956—1975年)和富营养化问题[J].水生生物学报,1980,7(1):1-17.
[20]王丑明,郭晶,张屹,等.1988—2017年洞庭湖浮游植物的群落演变[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(6):19-24.
[21]陈作州,陈椽,晏妮,等.红枫湖水库浮游植物演变(1980—2006年)和富营养化趋势研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,25(3):5-10.
[22]潘鸿,杨扬,唐宇宏,等.惠州沙田水库浮游植物群落特征及演替研究[J].生态科学,2018,37(4):154-159.
[23] GERTEN D,ADRIAN R.Climate-driven changes in spring plankton dynamics and sensitivity of shallow polymictic lakes to the North Atlantic Oscillation[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2000,45(5):1058-1066.
[24]王正.气候变化对南海浮游植物藻华形成的影响研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(12):1384-1390.
[25] HAYS G C,RICHARDSON A J,ROBINSON C.Climate change and marine plankton[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2005,20(6):337-344.
[26]陈绵润,赵帅营,林秋奇,等.广东省水库枝角类组成特征的初步研究[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(1):77-86.
[27]汕头市统计局.2017年汕头市统计年鉴[EB/OL].[2018-3-12].http://www.shantou.gov.cn/tjj/2017tjnj/201808/1b06bfa51e2f4432a84fa1c71957f312/files/dfbb92839ac9427580690a0e18c91ef6.pdf.
[28]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1-915.
[29] JOHN D M,WHITTON B A,BROOK A J.The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002:1-612.
[30] WEHR J D,SHEATH R G.Freshwater algae of North America:ecology and classification[M].New York:Acacemic Press,2003:1-773.
[31]郭坤,杨德国,彭婷,等.湖北省长湖浮游植物优势种生态位分析[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):825-834.
[32]潘鸿,唐宇宏.草型浅水湖泊富营养化评价的浮游植物指标比较[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(3/4):67-69.
[33] BROWN C D,CANFIELD D E JR,BACHMANN R W,et al.Seasonal patterns of chlorophyll,nutrient concentrations and secchi disk transparency in Florida Lakes[J].Lake and Reserv Manage,1998,14(1):60-76.
[34]孙军,薛冰.全球气候变化下的海洋浮游植物多样性[J].生物多样性,2016,24(7):739-747.
[35]陈文祥,栾建国,刘家寿,等.水库生态系统的典型特征、服务功能及渔业效应[C]//韩博平,石秋池,陈文祥.中国水库生态学与水质管理研究.北京:科学出版社,2006:525-547.
[36]吴湘香,李云峰,沈子伟,等.赤水河浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(2):361-368.
[37]孙军,刘东艳.多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用[J].海洋学报,2004,26(1):62-75.