从语义韵看《道德经》中“玄”之英译——基于《道德经》英译本语料库和美国当代英语语料库的分析
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摘要
基于84种《道德经》英译本构建的语料库和美国当代英语语料库(COCA),对《道德经》中"玄"的三种主要译法mystery、profundity和darkness进行分析,并从语义韵角度对mystery与God的强搭配予以重点讨论,主要分析了mystery在《道德经》中的意义,发现:在意义层面上,译文的语义韵与原文涵义匹配度较高;在文化层面上,mystery的内涵丰富,且基本对等出原文的哲学思想;而profundity与darkness这两种译法虽都表达出了"玄"的字面意义,但从语义韵的角度来看,这两词对老子哲学思想的传达存在空白点。总之,在《道德经》英译中,mystery立足于"玄"的内涵意义,更为准确地阐释了"道"的多种含义,彰显出了我国哲学思想的博大精深。
Based on the corpus of Tao Te Ching containing 84 versions of its English translation and Corpus of Contemporary American English,this paper analyzes three English translations of the word"Xuan",i. e.,"mystery","profundity",and"darkness",from the perspective of semantic prosody.Moreover,this paper focuses on discussing the strong collocation of "mystery"and "God". Based on them,the paper mainly discusses the meaning of mystery in Tao Te ching. The paper finds that from the perspective of meaning,the translated words' semantic prosody strongly associates with the original text.From the perspective of culture,"mystery"conveys rich connotative meanings and basically expresses the philosophical thinking of Laozi; although the words"profundity"and"darkness"reveal literal meanings of"Xuan",they fail to convey the Laozi's philosophical thinking. In conclusion,among the English translations of Tao Te Ching,"mystery"is more close to the connotation of the Chinese character"Xuan",more precisely interprets Tao's rich meanings,and manifests the greatness of Chinese philosophy.
Based on the corpus of Tao Te Ching containing 84 versions of its English translation and Corpus of Contemporary American English,this paper analyzes three English translations of the word"Xuan",i. e.,"mystery","profundity",and"darkness",from the perspective of semantic prosody.Moreover,this paper focuses on discussing the strong collocation of "mystery"and "God". Based on them,the paper mainly discusses the meaning of mystery in Tao Te ching. The paper finds that from the perspective of meaning,the translated words' semantic prosody strongly associates with the original text.From the perspective of culture,"mystery"conveys rich connotative meanings and basically expresses the philosophical thinking of Laozi; although the words"profundity"and"darkness"reveal literal meanings of"Xuan",they fail to convey the Laozi's philosophical thinking. In conclusion,among the English translations of Tao Te Ching,"mystery"is more close to the connotation of the Chinese character"Xuan",more precisely interprets Tao's rich meanings,and manifests the greatness of Chinese philosophy.
引文
[1]卫乃兴.基于语料库学生英语中的语义韵对比研究[J].外语学刊,2006,(5):50-54.
[2]Stubbs M. Two Quantitative Methods of Studying Phraseology in English[J]. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics,2002,7(2):215–244.
[3]Sinclair J. Corpus,Concordance,Collocation[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1991:145,74-75.
[4]Stubbs M. Text and Corpus Analysis[M]. Oxford:Blackwell Publishers,1996:176,182.
[5]Ames R. Hall D. A Philosophical Translation. Daodejing:Making This Life Significant[M]. New York:Ballantine Books,2003:152.
[6]Moeller H G. The Philosophy of the Daodejing[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,2006:12.
[7]Burik S. The End of Comparative Philosophy and the Task of Comparative Thinking:Heidegger,Derrida,and Daoism[M]. Albany:State University of New York Press,2009:199.
[8]周岷.《道德经》首章英译诸本述评[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(2):395-398.
[9]章媛.《道德经》首句英译问题研究[J].宗教学研究,2010,(4):186-190.
[10]文军,罗张.《道德经》英译研究在中国[J].上海翻译,2012,(1):19-23.
[11]李文中.《道德经》的核心概念及隐喻的英语表述分析[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2015,(5):108-116.
[12]赵颖.基于语料库的《道德经》两译本的翻译风格研究[J].中国翻译,2015,(4):110-113.
[13]牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第八版)[K].北京:商务印书馆,2014:97.
[14]Hunston S. Corpora in Applied Linguistics[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002:132.
[15]辛红娟.《道德经》英译文本的另类阐释[J].中国翻译,2001,(2):93-97.
[16]Mabry J R. God,As Nature Sees God:A Christian Reading of the Tao Te Ching[M]. Rockport,MA:Element,1994:212-214.
[17]汉斯.加达默尔.真理与方法[J].洪汉鼎,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2004:385-386.
[18]Peter Newmark. A Textbook of Translation[G]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall International,1988:6.
(1)转引自:Kwok,Man-Ho. et al的Tao Te Ching一书第56、78页,Dorset:Element Books Limited1993年版。
(2)本文所用的《道德经》英译语料库由北京外国语大学李文中教授提供,在此对李教授致以诚挚的感谢。
(3)“玄”的个别译法包括abysmal、wonder、depth等,因仅被个别译者采用,且在整个英译语料库中占比极小,故在本研究中略去。
(4)转引自:陈鼓应《老子注释及评价(修订增补本)》第61、282页,北京中华书局2009年版。
[2]Stubbs M. Two Quantitative Methods of Studying Phraseology in English[J]. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics,2002,7(2):215–244.
[3]Sinclair J. Corpus,Concordance,Collocation[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1991:145,74-75.
[4]Stubbs M. Text and Corpus Analysis[M]. Oxford:Blackwell Publishers,1996:176,182.
[5]Ames R. Hall D. A Philosophical Translation. Daodejing:Making This Life Significant[M]. New York:Ballantine Books,2003:152.
[6]Moeller H G. The Philosophy of the Daodejing[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,2006:12.
[7]Burik S. The End of Comparative Philosophy and the Task of Comparative Thinking:Heidegger,Derrida,and Daoism[M]. Albany:State University of New York Press,2009:199.
[8]周岷.《道德经》首章英译诸本述评[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(2):395-398.
[9]章媛.《道德经》首句英译问题研究[J].宗教学研究,2010,(4):186-190.
[10]文军,罗张.《道德经》英译研究在中国[J].上海翻译,2012,(1):19-23.
[11]李文中.《道德经》的核心概念及隐喻的英语表述分析[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2015,(5):108-116.
[12]赵颖.基于语料库的《道德经》两译本的翻译风格研究[J].中国翻译,2015,(4):110-113.
[13]牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第八版)[K].北京:商务印书馆,2014:97.
[14]Hunston S. Corpora in Applied Linguistics[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002:132.
[15]辛红娟.《道德经》英译文本的另类阐释[J].中国翻译,2001,(2):93-97.
[16]Mabry J R. God,As Nature Sees God:A Christian Reading of the Tao Te Ching[M]. Rockport,MA:Element,1994:212-214.
[17]汉斯.加达默尔.真理与方法[J].洪汉鼎,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2004:385-386.
[18]Peter Newmark. A Textbook of Translation[G]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall International,1988:6.
(1)转引自:Kwok,Man-Ho. et al的Tao Te Ching一书第56、78页,Dorset:Element Books Limited1993年版。
(2)本文所用的《道德经》英译语料库由北京外国语大学李文中教授提供,在此对李教授致以诚挚的感谢。
(3)“玄”的个别译法包括abysmal、wonder、depth等,因仅被个别译者采用,且在整个英译语料库中占比极小,故在本研究中略去。
(4)转引自:陈鼓应《老子注释及评价(修订增补本)》第61、282页,北京中华书局2009年版。