一化性柞蚕新品种川柞2号的育成
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摘要
为选育适合在一化性柞蚕产区放养的优质、高产、蛹丝兼用的柞蚕新品种,以四川蚕区的一化性柞蚕优良品种川06为亲本材料,采用系统分离育种方法,经25年25代系统选育,育成了优良柞蚕新品种川柞2号。川柞2号属一化性黄蚕血统,4眠5龄,全龄经过51 d,单蛾产卵量238粒,收蚁结茧率57.46%,千粒茧质量9.50 kg,千粒蛹质量8.31 kg,其全茧量比对照品种川06提高了13.58%。在农村多点生产鉴定试验中全茧量比对照品种川06和目前四川省主推品种川柞1号分别提高了7.13%和2.69%,千克卵产茧量比川06和川柞1号分别提高了8.73%和3.21%。川柞2号鲜蛹中的蛋白质质量分数为12.45%,粗脂肪质量分数为5.77%,氨基酸质量分数为9.72%,其中必需氨基酸质量分数为3.92%,且含有多种维生素。新品种川柞2号具有茧型大、产量高、抗逆性强、蚕蛹营养成分含量较高且氨基酸组成结构合理等特点,适合在四川、河南和湖北等一化性柞蚕产区推广。
To breed high quality,high yield,pupa and silk dual-purpose tussah varieties which are suitable for rearing in univoltine tussah production areas,an excellent univoltine tussah silkworm variety Chuan 06 in sericultural regions of Sichuan Province was used as parent material and pedigree separation breeding method was implemented. After 25 years and 25 generations of system selection,a new univoltine tussah silkworm variety Chuanzuo 2 was obtained. The new variety Chuanzuo 2 has blood lineage of yellow color,5 instars and 4 moulting. Its duration of all instars was 51 d,number of eggs laid per moth was 238,cocooning rate was 57. 46%,the weight of 1 000 cocoons was 9. 50 kg,the weight of 1 000 pupae was 8. 31 kg,and the cocoon weight of Chuanzuo 2 increased by 13. 58% compared with parental variety Chuan 06. In rural variety comparative tests,cocoon weight of Chuanzuo 2 increased by 7. 13%and 2. 69% respectively compared with control variety Chuan 06 and the main variety Chuanzuo 1 in Sichuan Province. The cocoon weight per kg eggs increased by8. 73% and 3. 21% respectively. The mass fractions of protein and crude fat in fresh pupa of Chuanzuo 2 were 12. 45% and 5. 77% respectively. The mass fraction of amino acids was 9. 72%,among which the mass fraction of essential amino acids was 3. 92%. Besides,the fresh pupa contained a variety of vitamins. The new variety Chuanzuo 2 had the characteristics of large cocoon,high yield and high resistance. Its pupa was rich in nutrients and had appropriate amino acid composition. This tussah variety is suitable for rearing in Sichuan,Henan,Hubei and other univoltine tussah silkworm production areas.
To breed high quality,high yield,pupa and silk dual-purpose tussah varieties which are suitable for rearing in univoltine tussah production areas,an excellent univoltine tussah silkworm variety Chuan 06 in sericultural regions of Sichuan Province was used as parent material and pedigree separation breeding method was implemented. After 25 years and 25 generations of system selection,a new univoltine tussah silkworm variety Chuanzuo 2 was obtained. The new variety Chuanzuo 2 has blood lineage of yellow color,5 instars and 4 moulting. Its duration of all instars was 51 d,number of eggs laid per moth was 238,cocooning rate was 57. 46%,the weight of 1 000 cocoons was 9. 50 kg,the weight of 1 000 pupae was 8. 31 kg,and the cocoon weight of Chuanzuo 2 increased by 13. 58% compared with parental variety Chuan 06. In rural variety comparative tests,cocoon weight of Chuanzuo 2 increased by 7. 13%and 2. 69% respectively compared with control variety Chuan 06 and the main variety Chuanzuo 1 in Sichuan Province. The cocoon weight per kg eggs increased by8. 73% and 3. 21% respectively. The mass fractions of protein and crude fat in fresh pupa of Chuanzuo 2 were 12. 45% and 5. 77% respectively. The mass fraction of amino acids was 9. 72%,among which the mass fraction of essential amino acids was 3. 92%. Besides,the fresh pupa contained a variety of vitamins. The new variety Chuanzuo 2 had the characteristics of large cocoon,high yield and high resistance. Its pupa was rich in nutrients and had appropriate amino acid composition. This tussah variety is suitable for rearing in Sichuan,Henan,Hubei and other univoltine tussah silkworm production areas.
引文
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[2] 孔凡真.21世纪的新食品:昆虫食品[J].云南林业,2001(4):26-27
[3] 朱绪伟,包志愿,郭剑,等.一化性大茧型柞蚕新品种豫大1号的选育及杂交组合豫交5号的组配[J].蚕业科学,2015,41(6):1023-1028
[4] 周林,吕银,陈祥平,等.蛹丝兼用柞蚕新品种川柞1号的育成[J].蚕业科学,2017,43(6):1050-1054
[5] 姜义仁,秦玉艳,石生林,等.柞蚕大型茧黄蚕新品种“沈黄1号”的选育[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(4):472-477
[6] 王凤成,陈凤林,仝振祥,等.柞蚕新品种金凤的选育及杂交组合金凤×抗大的选配[J].蚕业科学,2013,39(6):1108-1114
[7] 石生林,姜义仁,杨瑞生,等.柞蚕黄体色大茧型品种沈黄2号的选育及杂交组合的选配[J].蚕业科学,2014,40(4):660-665
[8] 吕银,柯皓天,陈祥平,等.柞蚕育种研究进展及四川柞蚕业发展方向[J].蚕桑通报,2016,47(1):11-15
[9] 宁正祥.食物成分分析手册[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998:79-120
[10] 黄晓钰,刘玲谓.食品化学综合实验[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002:148-152
[11] QIANG C K,DU Y Z,YU L Y,et al.Effect of rapid cold hardening on the cold tolerance of the larvae of the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis (Walker)[J].Agric Sci Chin,2008,7(3):321-328
[12] 中国预防医学科学研究院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表(全国代表值)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:28-118
[13] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:86-252
[14] FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements.Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Ad Hoc Expert Committee[M].Rome:FAO and WHO,1973:329-342